Download - Diane K. Willimack U.S. Census Bureau
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Considering the Establishment Survey Response Process
in the Context of the Administrative Sciences
Diane K. WillimackU.S. Census Bureau
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Survey Methodology draws upon multiple disciplines –
Statistics/sampling Psychology Sociology Economics Political science Computer science Human-computer interaction
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Examples
Cognitive response model
draws upon Cognitive Psychology Survey participation decision models
draw upon Social Psychology Web survey design
draws upon Software Development & Human-Computer Interaction
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Establishment survey methodology
draws upon Household Survey Research
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The establishment survey response process
is viewed as WORK.
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Hybrid Response Model(Sudman et al., 2000 ICES-2)
1. Encoding in memory / record formation
2. Selection/identification of respondent(s)
3. Assessment of priorities
4. Comprehension of data request
5. Retrieval from memory and/or records
6. Judgment of adequacy of response
7. Communication
8. Release of data
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Hybrid Response Model(Sudman et al., 2000 ICES-2)
1. Encoding in memory / record formation
2. Selection/identification of respondent(s)
3. Assessment of priorities
4. Comprehension of data request
5. Retrieval from memory and/or records
6. Judgment of adequacy of response
7. Communication
8. Release of data
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Disciplines relevant for surveys of businesses and organizations –
Organizational behavior Managerial science Administrative science
Behavior of people in organizations
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Hybrid Response Model(Sudman et al., 2000 ICES-2)
1. Encoding in memory / record formation
2. Selection/identification of respondent(s)
3. Assessment of priorities
4. Comprehension of data request
5. Retrieval from memory and/or records
6. Judgment of adequacy of response
7. Communication
8. Release of data
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Organizational Goals
1. Produce goods & services
2. Maintain viability over time
Attributes of Organization
Structure Differentiation of
functions (De)centralization Authority
hierarchies Coordination Effectiveness
People
Social Behavior
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Dimensions of Social Behaviorin Organizations
Authority Responsibility Accountability Influence Allegiance / Loyalty
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Social Behavior + Role-taking = Work
Role-taking – the manifestation of social behavior among persons in organizations for the purpose of accomplishing work.
Coordination Communication Interpersonal interaction Cooperation
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Role Episode
Role Sender
Expectations SentRole
Role Receiver:“Focal Person”
ReceivedRole
RoleBehavior
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Role Episode: Responding to a Survey
Role Sender
Expectations:
Compliance
Sent Role:
Data specsInfluence
Focal Person
Received Role:
InterpretsR’s request
RoleBehavior:
Compliance
Respondent (R)“Local Data Provider”
(LDP)
Request forInformation
Organi-zationalfactors
thatconvey
to R
Interpersonal factorsassociated with ‘LDP’
Personal attributesof ‘LDP’
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Role Episode between LDP and Supervisor
Focal Person
Received Role:
Assigned workPerformance
criteria
RoleBehavior:
Compliance
Role Sender
Expectations:
Compliance
Sent Role:
AssignmentAuthority
Supervisor“Local Data Provider”
(LDP)
Organi-zationalfactors
thatconvey to theSuper-visor
Interpersonal factorsassociated with ‘LDP’
Personal attributesof ‘LDP’
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Role Conflict
Role episodes between:– R and LDP– LDP and Supervisor
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Role Episodes: A Framework for Evaluating Response Process
“Draw” the role episode diagram for people involved in providing survey data
Account for multiple roles of each player Study, understand, analyze interactions
between people in the organization
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Role Episodes: A Framework for Evaluating Response Process
continued
Use as a tool – Diagnose potential problems and
breakdowns– Suggest strategies that facilitate response
process– Avoid strategies that hinder organizational
processes
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Census BureauExample
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Developing Data Collection Software for the U.S. Economic Census
Detailed establishment-level data “Task analysis” with business
respondents– “How do respondents go about pulling
together all this data?”
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Developing Data Collection Software for the U.S. Economic Census
continued
Pervasive use of spreadsheets– Means of communication– Organizational norm for exchanging data
Some Rs lacked response “capacity” – e.g., knowledge of specific data items– Unable to “assign” items to LDPs
R LDP: sent role relied on differentiation of expertise
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Developing Data Collection Software for the U.S. Economic Census
continued
Re-engineered software– Versatile spreadsheet functionality– Supported organizational context for R’s
and LDP’s roles
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Conclusions
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Survey organizations…
Are members of businesses’ external environment
Have indirect / disjoint relationship with businesses
Cannot manage the response process
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Models of Social Behavior in Organizations
Framework for studying organizational context for survey response process
Address research questions– Who is the “right” respondent?
• Interplay between Authority and Responsibility / Capacity
– How to facilitate reporting from multiple data sources?• Respondents, “Local Data Providers,” and Role Episodes
– What are effects of alternative data collection strategies on data quality?
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Future Research
Other theories / models of social behavior in organizations– Management– Influence– Authority
Do this approach add value? How can it be applied?