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Designing Streets for safety,
accessibility, and comfort in
African cities
Stefanie [email protected]
Urban Mobility Unit UN-Habitat
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You need
to be
brave…
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How Nairobians Travel…
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Nairobi is a Walking City –but pedestrians are the “forgotten species”
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Road accident fatalities in
Nairobi, 2014
Source: Transportation Unit, Nairobi City County, 2014 (- In: Nairobi NMT Policy, 2015)
Nairobi’s Pedestrians at risk
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Prevent accidents through speed control
6
Keeping vehicle speed low is crucial for pedestrian/cycling safety
Source: ITDP
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Slower Speed saves lives
Motor vehicle speeds
above 30 km/h
significantly increase
the risk of fatalities
Source: ITDP
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All streets need slow zones
8
For narrow ROWs, the
entire width should be
designed as a slow zone
On wider streets, a separate
slow zone is necessary
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A guide for improved street design for African Cities
9
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Footpaths
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Footpath design: A zoning system
Clear demarcation of 3 zones:
1. Pedestrian zone: continuous
space for walking (minimum 2 m)
2. Frontage zone: buffer between
street-side activities and the
pedestrian zone
3. Furniture zone: space for
landscaping, furniture, lights,
bus stops, signs and private
property access ramps
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Pedestrian zone
Furniture
zone
Frontage
zone
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A zoning system
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Footpaths should be elevated above the carriageway, with a kerb height of no more than 15 cm
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Flat walking surfaces & guide tiles contribute to accessibility for
people with disability
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Space for Street Vending can be provided outside the
pedestrian zone
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Property entrances
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Footpath should maintain a constant level, while vehicles
should use ramps to reduce speed
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Crossings
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Design Example: Crossing
20
Ramps to
reduce vehicle
speeds
Pedestrians remain at
the level of the footpath
Safe At-Grade Crossings
Pedestrians remain at level of footpath
Ramps
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At-Grade Crossings slow down vehicles and provide pedestrian safety
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If possible, avoid: Foot overbridges & subways
• In an attempt to increase motor vehicle speeds, at-grade pedestrian crossings are frequently replaced by foot overbridges or subways
• But these facilities are often inaccessible and have drawbacks, such as:
• Increase in travel time
• Lack of universal access
• Obstructions on footpaths
• Prohibitive cost
• Harassment and other crimes
• Increased vehicle speeds
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Preferred choice by pedestrians: At grade crossing
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Crash data analysis for Nairobi
• Foot overbridges are not always preventing pedestrian deaths at crossing locations
Source: ITDP
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Intersections
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Safe Intersection Design
• direct, intuitive pedestrian crossings
• reflect pedestrian desire lines, avoid detours
• crossing distances should be minimised
• pedestrian refuges large enough to handle observed pedestrian volume
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Sharp corner forces cars to slow down
Source: ITDP
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Turning Radius determines Vehicle Speed
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Transition Experiments: Open Streets/ Placemaking Events
• Transition experiments … are short-term actions through which alternative street designs, mobility cultures, and practices are explored
• To activate streets as public spaces through low cost interventions (pop up activities)
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UN-Habitat Project Example: Bucaramanga
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Nairobi Placemaking Week
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Kampala – Streets as Public Spaces
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Kampala – linkage to NMT plans of City
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Thank you!