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Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
1
Peilun Yuan SupervisorDr. Mathias JahnkeProf. Dr. Georg Gartner
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Content
1. Introduction
2. Research Objectives & Questions
3. Methodology
4. Features of AR Reconstruction
5. Design Guidelines
6. Evaluation
7. Conclusion & Outlook
2 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
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IntroductionBackground
• Augmented reality (AR)
• Lack of the researches for AR design
• Special needs for AR reconstruction
3 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
AR ronstruction example
(Hoshang et al., 2018)
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IntroductionMotivation
• Develop design guidelines for AR reconstruction
• Help the developers for the development
4 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
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Research Objectives & Questions
1. Identify the features of AR reconstruction.
• What is special to applications for AR reconstruction?
• How to identify the features of AR reconstruction?
2. Integrate the mobile AR design principles from various aspects and form a new set of AR design guidelines.
• How to develop the guidelines?
• What should be included?
5 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
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Research Objectives & Questions
3. Develop a prototype based on the proposed guidelines.
• How to develop the prototype?
• How to integrate with the proposed guidelines?
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the guidelines with the prototype.
• How to design the evaluation experiment?
• How helpful are the proposed design guidelines?
6 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
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Methodology
7 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Related AR research
Existing AR design principles
Existing apps of AR reconstruction
AR design guidelines
Case study Evaluation
Objective 1identify the features
Objective 3make a prototype
Objective 4examine the effectiveness
Objective 2create guidelines
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8 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Related AR research
Existing AR design principles
Existing apps of AR reconstruction
AR design guidelines
Case study Evaluation
Objective 1identify the features
Objective 3make a prototype
Objective 4examine the effectiveness
Objective 2create guidelines
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Features of AR ReconstructionFrom the related research
• Location-specific
• outdoor or indoor
• Rely on AR tracking
• Camera-based: marker / markerless
• hybrid tracking with inertial sensors
• Tangible interaction
• on-screen gestures
9 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
markerless35%
sensor24%
hybrid41%
Outdoor MAR method for cultural heritage (Bekele et al., 2018)
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• Multimedia materials
• Use diverse media to enrich the experience
• Reconstruction and exhibition purpose
• helpful to visitors and the professionals
• ideal for preservation
10 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Features of AR ReconstructionFrom the related research
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Features of AR ReconstructionExisting AR design principles
• Compare 49 design principles from various aspects
• Some common principles:
• cognitive load
• physical efforts
• user supports
• feedbacks
• intuitive interaction
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Features of AR ReconstructionExisting apps of AR reconstruction
• Overlay 2D media or 3D models
• Adjust transparency
• Map
• Timeline
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13 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Related AR research
Existing AR design principles
Existing apps of AR reconstruction
AR design guidelines
Case study Evaluation
Objective 1identify the features
Objective 3make a prototype
Objective 4examine the effectiveness
Objective 2create guidelines
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Design Guidelines
1. Suitable tracking method
2. Quality 3D models
3. AR interaction versus non-interaction
4. Storytelling
5. Provide user guide and feedback
6. Prevent cognition overload
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Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction15
Guidelines
Summa-
rizations
Suitable
tracking
method
Quality 3D
models
AR interaction
versus non-
interaction
Storytelling
Provide
user guide
& feedback
Prevent
cognition
overload
Technical
requirements× ×
Features of AR
reconstruction× × ×
Research for AR
reconstruction× ×
Developed AR
application× × ×
General AR design
principles× × × ×
Design Guidelines
The relation of the guidelines and where they derived from
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Design Guidelines1. Suitable tracking method
Use suitable tracking to achieve high accuracy, responsiveness, and low latency
• The needs of the project
• Various AR software development kit (SDK)
16 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
SDKTracking methods
Platforms LicenseCamera Sensor SLAM
Apple ARKit2D, 3D object
tracking
GPS,
IMUNo iOS Free
Google ARCore 2D trackingGPS,
IMUYes iOS, Android Free
ARToolKit+ 2D tracking - No iOS, AndroidGeneral public
license
Wikitude2D, 3D object
tracking
GPS,
IMUYes iOS, Android
Free and
commercial
Vuforia2D, 3D object
tracking
GPS,
IMUYes iOS, Android
Free and
commercial
Some common AR SDK
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Design Guidelines2. Quality 3D models
Make the balance between user experience and hardware performance
• Scale and geometry
• Clear communication
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Design Guidelines3. AR interaction versus non-interaction
• Interaction → explore
• Interaction methods: transparency, highlight
• Non-interaction →present
18 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Cartography cube
(MacEachren, 1994)
AR visualization cube
(Keil et al., 2018)
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Design Guidelines4. Storytelling
Design and present appealing stories to interest the public
• Link to the history and the surroundings
• The use of maps
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Design Guidelines5. Provide user guide and feedback
Reduce user frustration, confusion and misuse.
• Interface issue
• Guide the users
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Design Guidelines6. Prevent cognition overload
• Due to the complexity of AR visualization
• Appropriate interface complexity
21 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Interface complexity versus user motivation
(Roth, 2013)
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22 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Related AR research
Existing AR design principles
Existing apps of AR reconstruction
AR design guidelines
Case study Evaluation
Objective 1identify the features
Objective 3make a prototype
Objective 4examine the effectiveness
Objective 2create guidelines
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Case StudyPrinzessturm
• Locate in Munich
• First mentioned in 1473
• Torn down in 1892
• Discovered in 1978
23 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
The location of Prinzessturm and other city structure
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Case StudyPrinzessturm
• Locate in Munich
• First mentioned in 1473
• Torn down in 1892
• Discovered in 1978
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The ruin of PrinzessturmPrinzessturm in 1890
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Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction25
Case StudyPrinzessturm
The view from the backyardThe view from Thomas-Wimmer-Ring
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Case StudyPrototype
• 3D modeling
• Markerless-based tracking
• Wikitude SDK
• App development
26 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
3D model of Prinzessturm
The point cloud data of the ruin
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Case StudyPrototype
27 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
intro & help AR view story mapinstruction
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28 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Related AR research
Existing AR design principles
Existing apps of AR reconstruction
AR design guidelines
Case study Evaluation
Objective 1identify the features
Objective 3make a prototype
Objective 4examine the effectiveness
Objective 2create guidelines
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EvaluationSetup
• Explore the effectiveness of the guidelines
• Materials & Participants
• Google Pixel 3 XL
• 26 user tests with questionnaires (group1 & group2)
• 2 interviews with tour guides
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• Over 80% had AR exp.
• No one knew Prinzessturm
• Group 1
• 14 users
• With AR interaction(click information box)
• Group 2
• 12 users
• Without AR interaction
30 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
Type Group1 Group2 Total
Age
Below 20 2 1 3
21-30 3 3 6
31-40 5 3 8
41-50 3 2 5
51-60 0 2 2
Over 61 1 1 2
GenderMale 9 7 16
Female 5 5 10
Identity
Tourists 9 10 19
Citizens 2 1 3
Foreign workers or students
3 1 4
EvaluationUsers
The statistics of the users
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EvaluationUser tests
• Six multiple choice questions
• Compare the percentages of the correct answers
• Open questions
• What do you like about the app?
• What problems happened when using the app?
• What can be improved?
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EvaluationInterview
• Open questions
• What is your opinion toward AR reconstruction?
• As a tour guide, what is essential to AR reconstruction?
• What do you like about the app?
• What can be improved?
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1. When was Prinzessturm built?
• 16 century, 18 century, 19 century
2. When was Prinzessturm torn down?
• 18 century, 19 century, 20 century
33 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
64.29%64.29%
85.71%
100.00%
58.33%
75.00%
66.67%
100.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Per
cen
tage
Questions
Group 1
Group 2
general questions
EvaluationResult
The percentages of the correct answers for Q1 to Q4
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3. What is the nearest existed gate to Prinzessturm?
• Isartor, Sendlinger Tor, Karlstor
4. What is the function of the window?
• to see the view, to place weapon, for ventilation
34 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
64.29%64.29%
85.71%
100.00%
58.33%
75.00%
66.67%
100.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Per
cen
tage
Questions
Group 1
Group 2
involve AR interaction
EvaluationResult
The percentages of the correct answers for Q1 to Q4
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5. How do you feel about this AR experience for reconstructing the tower? (Group 1)
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EvaluationResult
The answer of Q5
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6. How helpful is the highlight function for understanding the tower? (Group 1)
36 Design Guidelines for Mobile Augmented Reality Reconstruction
EvaluationResult
3 6 5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
normal helpful very helpful
The answer of Q6
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• What do you like about the app?
• Interesting, attractive, impressive…
• What problems happened when using the app?
• Text, distance
• What can be improved? What else function would you like to have?
• Voice guide, gamification, connect with other tourism resources
• Opinion from the tour guides
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EvaluationResult
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EvaluationDiscussion
• Help enhance understanding to the heritage
• Felt satisfied and helpful
• AR interaction led to group difference
• Limitation
• Question design
• Need more samples
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Conclusion
• A start point of researches of design guidelines for AR reconstruction
• Six design guidelines
• Enhancing understanding
• Facilitate further research
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Outlook
• Further examine the guidelines
• Integration with gaming
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