DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Technical Magazine
Vol. 1. Issue – 2 Year: Nov 2014
Dr. D. N. Mudgal (Executive Director)
This Speaks of the spirit behind the aim of AMGOI, it is our indispensible dream that will transcend the wisdom of heritage, spirituality, and academic excellence to the students. AMGOI has now evolved as landmark in the field of technical education through multimedia, interactive technology and sound environment, affluent academics and practical studies. Moreover it encompasses a cosmopolitan outlook to develop student to be a better citizen of progressive society.
Dr. K. Ravi (Director)
This gives me immense pleasure to communicate with you through this Technical Magazine. This is the time where we have introduces new educational systems, ultra-superior infrastructure and interactive classrooms which have been integrated with tools and technology of teaching by keeping the only purpose in mind to effect all around development of students and make them good techno-engineers. It is our indispensable mission to fulfill student’s requirements and prepare efficient engineer managers capable to lead out nation towards the path of progress.
Chief Editor:
Prof. A. V. Karvekar
Editor
Asst. Prof. G. S. Murgude
Greetings faculties and friends!
It gives an immense pleasure to congratulate department newsletter
committee of our department for releasing Bi-annual department technical
magazine.
During last year 2014-15, various extracurricular activities were conducted
successfully by Civil Engineering department like Organization of workshops,
paper publication & presentation by staff members in National / International
journals having international recognition. In the academic year 2014-15 our
department has commenced PG course in Construction and Management..
Participation of Civil Engineering students in various technical events
organized by various colleges in Shivaji University was encouraging and team work
of students and staff members was an encouraging factor, which we want to
continue in coming years also. Our students have got top prizes in these
competitions. Also various projects by final year students are as per present
requirements of industries.
Prof. A. V. Karvekar
Assistant Professor and Head
Civil Engineering Department
AMGOI, Vathar
From the HOD’s Desk
Following are the abstract of the projects undertaken by B. E. Civil
Engineering students
STUDY OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS & WORKABILITY OF HYBRID FIBER
REINFORCED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE
In construction, Concrete is the most commonly used construction material. Customarily,
concrete is produced by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. The world-wide
demand for OPC would increase further in the future. It is well-known that cement production
depletes significant amount of natural resources and release large volume of carbon-dioxide.
Cement production is also highly energy-intensive, after steel and aluminum.
Fly ash based geopolymer reinforced with Hybrid fibers used as the binder, instead of cement
paste, to produce concrete. The geopolymer paste binds the loose coarse aggregate, fibers and
other un-reacted material together to form the geopolymer concrete. Because the chemical
reaction that takes place in this case is a polymerization process. The most common alkaline
liquid used in polymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) &sodium hydroxide
(Na2SiO3) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) & potassium hydroxide (K2SiO3)
Setting time of geopolymer depend on many factors such as composition of alkaline of
Fly ash by mass. However, the curing temperature is the most important factor of geopolymer.
As the curing temperature increases, the setting time of concrete decreases.Due to the increases
of temperature, polymerization become more rapid and the concrete can gain 70% of its strength
within 3 to 4 days of curing. This property of geopolymer concrete is very useful in precast
construction & production of precast element such as door, window frames, concrete pipes and
railway sleepers etc. Geopolymer concrete has excellent resistance to chemical attack and shows
promise in the use of aggressive environment where the durability of Portland cement concrete
may be of concern.
From the Projects
In this project we will perform some tests on the Hybrid fiber reinforced
geopolymerconcrete, such as compressive strength test, Tensile strength test, Flexural strength
test, Impact strength test, workability test. We also check the behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced
geopolymerconcrete at elevated temperature.
Key words-Flyash, geopolymerisation, Single fibers, Hybrid Fibers.
STUDY OF DURABILITY CHARACTERISTICS & WORKABILITY OF HYBRID
FIBER REINFORCED GEO-POLYMER CONCRETE
In construction, Concrete is the most commonly used construction material. Customarily,
concrete is produced by using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. The world-wide
demand for OPC would increase further in the future. It is well-known that cement production
depletes significant amount of natural resources and release large volume of carbon-dioxide.
Cement production is also highly energy-intensive, after steel and aluminum.
Fly ash based geopolymer reinforced with Hybrid fibers used as the binder, instead of cement
paste, to produce concrete. The geopolymer paste binds the loose coarse aggregate, fibers and
other un-reacted material together to form the geopolymer concrete. Because the chemical
reaction that takes place in this case is a polymerization process. The most common alkaline
liquid used in polymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) &sodium hydroxide
(Na2SiO3) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) & potassium hydroxide (K2SiO3)
Setting time of geopolymer depend on many factors such as composition of alkaline of
Fly ash by mass. However, the curing temperature is the most important factor of geopolymer.
As the curing temperature increases, the setting time of concrete decreases.Due to the increases
of temperature, polymerization become more rapid and the concrete can gain 70% of its strength
within 3 to 4 days of curing. This property of geopolymer concrete is very useful in precast
construction & production of precast element such as door, window frames, concrete pipes and
railway sleepers etc. Geopolymer concrete has excellent resistance to chemical attack and shows
promise in the use of aggressive environment where the durability of Portland cement concrete
may be of concern.
In this project we will perform some tests on the Hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer
concrete, such as sulphate attack, acid attack, freezing and thawing. We also check the behavior
of hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature.
Key words-Fly ash, geopolymerisation, Single fibers, Hybrid Fibers.
STUDY OF STRENGTH & DURABILITY OF NO FINE CONCRETE
No fines concrete, also known as porous, pervious, permeable and cellular concrete. No
fine concrete is a porous concrete obtained when the fine aggregate is omitted. The single-sized
coarse aggregates are surrounded and held together by a thin layer of cement paste giving
strength of the concrete. The advantages of this type of concrete are lower density; lower thermal
conductivity relatively low drying shrinkage; no segregation and capillary movement of water;
and better insulating characteristics than conventional concrete because of the presence of the
large voids.
This work is aimed at studying the possibility of using several no-fines concrete of
different water/cement ratios (w/c) and aggregate/cement ratios (a/c) in the absence of steel
reinforcement. Firstly, the characterization of several no-fines concrete mixtures in terms of
mechanical and durability-related properties (such as durability ,workability & compressive )
was carried out. The effect of a hydrophobic admixture (added in different dosages) on durability
of no-fines concrete was also tested. No-fines concrete exposed to different moisture conditions
was compared with normal concrete.
Key Word
No-fines concrete, Normal concrete, compressive strength , Mechanical properties.
RAINWATER HARVESTING
At the rate in which India population is increasing, it is said that India will surely replace China
from its number 1 position of most densely populated country of the world after 20-30. These
will lead to high rate of consumption of most valuable natural resource „Water‟ resulting in
augmentation of pressures on the permitted freshwater resources. Ancient method of damming
river and transporting water to urban area has its own issues of eternal troubles of social and
political. In order to conserve and meet our daily demand of water requirement, we need to think
for alternative cost effective and relatively easier technological methods of conserving water.
Rain water harvesting is one of the best methods fulfilling those requirements. The technical
aspects of this work are rainwater harvesting collected from rooftop which is considered to be
catchment areas from Institutes departmental building at AMGOI Campus. First of all, required
data are collected i.e. catchment areas & hydrological rainfall data. Water harvesting potential
for the building will be calculated. Ideal location for drainage of rain water through tube well
will be identified. A safer distribution and filtration mechanism will be identified from the
available literature.
Keyword: Rainwater harvesting, Roof –top, rain fall, storm water design.
ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY BY USING SWEDISH SLIP CIRCLE
METHOD
An earth slope is an unsupported, inclined surface of soil mass. Earth slopes are formed
for railway formations, highway embankments, earth dams, canal banks, levees, and at many
other locations if the slopes are made steepest the cost of earth work would be minimum.
However, very steep slopes may not be stable. A compromise has to be made between economy
and safety, and the slopes provided are neither too steep nor too flat.
The failure of a slope may lead to loss of life and property. It is therefore,
essential to check the stability of proposed slopes. With the development of modern method of
testing of soils and stability analysis, a safe and economical design of slope is possible.
The failure of a soil mass occurs along a plane or a curved surface when a large mass of soil
slides with respect to remaining mass. In general there is a downward and outward movement of
the soil mass. A slope failure occurs when the forces causing failure are greater than the shearing
resistance developed along a critical surface of failure.
OBJECTIVES
To locate the centre of slip circle and to find radius of slip circle for minimum FOS for
upstream slope for following condition,
1) Sudden drawdown
2) Just after construction
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RECYCLED AGGREGATS USED IN NEW CONCRETE
The aim of the present project on “EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RECYCLED
AGGREGATS USED IN NEW CONCRETE” is to inform that the detailed study of the
possibility of reusing the recycled concrete aggregate from demolished structures in the place of
fresh aggregate
Due to the critical shortage of natural aggregate and natural sand , the availability of
demolished concrete for use as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is increasing. Using the waste
concrete as RCA conserves natural aggregate, reduces the impact on landfills, decreases energy
consumption and can provide cost savings. Recycled aggregates are the materials for the future.
The application of recycled aggregate has been started in many countries for construction
projects. This Research Paper reports the basic properties of recycled coarse aggregate and
artificial sand. It also compares these properties with properties natural aggregates and natural
sand . Basic changes in all aggregate properties and sand properties were determined. Basic
concrete properties like compressive strength, workability etc. are explained here for different
combinations of recycled course aggregate with natural aggregate and artificial sand. In general,
present status & utilization of recycled coarse aggregate in India with their future need is
discussed.
KEYWORDS: Recycled Coarse Aggregate, Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete, Compressive
Strength, Workability
RETROFITTING& STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURE
Civil infrastructure system represents huge public investments and is expected to provide
services for very long periods of time. Any technology or material has its limitations and to meet
the new requirements new technologies have to be invented and used. With structures becoming
old and the increasing bar for the constructed buildings the old buildings have started to show a
serious need of additional retrofits to increase their durability and life.
Many environmental and natural disasters, earthquake being the most affecting of all, have also
produced a need to increase the present safety levels in buildings. The understanding of the
earthquakes, world over, is increasing day by day and therefore the seismic demands imposed on
the structures get revised frequently. Similarly, the design methodologies evolve with the
growing research in the area of seismic engineering and certain popular old design philosophies,
such as soft storey structures, are no longer considered acceptable for earthquake resistant
design. Many of the existing lifeline structures were analyzed, designed and detailed as per the
recommendations of then prevalent codes. Such structures, pose a need to undergo re-evaluation
process, say, every ten years. Such structures frequently may not qualify to current seismic
requirements and therefore, retrofitting of these structures is essential.
The retrofitting is one of the best options to make an existing inadequate building safe against
future probable earthquake or other environmental forces. There are many other factors,
considered in decision making for any retrofitting strategy.
The following are some reasons that may need retrofitting:
1. Building which are designed considering gravity loads only. 2. Development activities in the field of Earthquake Resistant Design (EQRD) of buildings
and other structures result into change in design concepts. 3. Lack of timely revisions of codes of practice and standards. 4. Lack of revisions in seismic zone map of country. 5. In cases of alterations in buildings in seismic prone area i.e. increase in number of storey,
increase in loading class etc. 6. In cases of deterioration of Earthquake (EQ) forces resistant level of building e.g.
decrease in strength of construction material due to decay, fire damage, and settlement of foundations.
7. The quality of construction actually achieved may be lower than what was originally planned.
8. Lack of understanding by the designer. 9. Improper planning and mass distribution on floors.
CHOPPED BASALT FIBER CONCRETE
Concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in the world due to its
low cost, ease in production and steel is used as reinforcement at the present time. One of
the problems with reinforced concrete with steel is its durability and corrosion. When steel
reinforcement corrodes, causing degradation of concrete and brittle failure, it’s very
expensive repair works and replacement.
Now a days, FRP as reinforcement in the concrete structures has been getting
importance due to its advantages that improved resistance of corrosion, an increase of
service life and durability. FRP concrete has become important material for the building
constructions as its ability to oppose cracking and reduces brittleness of concrete members
having a non-corrosive nature.
The FRP reinforce elements can be made from various fibers such as Glass (GFRP),
Aramid (AFRP) or Carbon (CFRP). FRP reinforcing used in concrete in areas where steel
reinforce subjected to corrosivity and limited service span and for strengthening to exiting
masonry and concrete members.
Fiber reinforced concretes such as steel, glass and carbon fiber reinforced concrete
used in constructions.
SELF- COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)
Making concrete structures without vibration have been done in the past.For examples;
placement of concrete under water is done by the use of tremie without vibration. Mass concrete,
and shaft concrete can be successfully placed without vibration. But the above examples of concrete
are generally of lower strength and difficult to obtain consistent quality. Modern application of
self- compacting concrete (SCC) is focused on high performance, better and more reliable and
uniform quality.
Recognizing the lack of uniformity and complete compaction of concrete by vibration,
researchers at the University of Tokyo, Japan, started in late 1980’s to develop SCC. by the early
1990’s, Japan has developed and used SCC that does not require vibration to achieve full
compaction. By the year 2000, the SCC has become popular in Japan for prefabricated products and
ready mixed concrete.
Several European countries recognized the significance and potential of SCC developed in
Japan .During 1989, they founded European federation of natural trade association representing
producers and applicators of specialist building products (EFNARC).
The utilization of self-compacting concrete started growing rapidly. EFNARC, making use of
broad practical experiences of all members of European federation with SCC, has drawn up
specification and guidelines to provide a framework for design and use of high quality SCC, during
2001. Most of the information particularly test method and high chapter is based on specification
and guidelines for self- compacting concrete given by EFNARC
DECOLOURIZATION OF REACTIVE RED-195 SYNTHETIC SOLUTION USING MODIFIED
ZEOLITE MATERIAL
Synthetic dyes are an important class of organics and are often found in the environment as
a result of their wide industrial use. Textile industry consumes substantial volume of water, and
also uses dyes to color its products. These pollutants are difficult to decolorize due to their complex
aromatic structure and synthetic origin Although the exact number (and also the amount) of the
dyes produced in the world is not known, there are estimated to be more than 100,000
commercially available dyes. Many of them are known to be toxic or carcinogenic.
Due to ever-growing demands in textiles, synthetic organic dyes are widely used for
dyeing textile fibers such as cotton and polyester. Approximately 10,000 different dyes and
pigments are used for industries and over 7 _ 105 tons of these dyes are annually produced
worldwide.
Textile industries produce a lot of wastewater, which contains a number of contaminants,
including acidic or caustic dissolved solids, toxic compounds, and any different dyes, many of these
dyes are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic and also toxic to human beings, fish species, and
microorganisms. Hence, their removal from aquatic wastewater becomes environmentally
important quantities of dangerous dyes, pigments and metals originated from dye manufacturing,
textile as well as pulp and paper industries are emitted into wastewaters.
Water pollution is one of the most undesirable environmental problems in the world and
it requires solutions. The wastewater treatment is required by various obligations which are
environmental or concerning with public health. Dye wastewaters represent the most amounts of
the discharged industrial water. The test, application and development of many treatment methods
were the essential subjects of many articles. They can be physical, chemical or biological.
Biodegradation, ion exchange, membrance technology and adsorption were the treatments widely
used in the purification of waters.
Allergic and respiratory diseases are known to be caused by reactive dyes Symptoms in
adults for chemical sensitivity.