Democratic-Democratic-Republican Republican
Dominance and Dominance and Westward Westward ExpansionExpansion
What political party What political party dominated American dominated American
politics in the early 1800’s?politics in the early 1800’s?
• Democratic-Democratic-Republican PartyRepublican Party
What factors caused the What factors caused the United States to expand its United States to expand its
territory to the Pacific Ocean territory to the Pacific Ocean before the Civil War?before the Civil War?
• Economic and strategic Economic and strategic (military defense) interests(military defense) interests
• ““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”
What territory did the United What territory did the United States purchase during States purchase during Jefferson’s presidency?Jefferson’s presidency?
• LouisianaLouisiana
From what country did From what country did President Jefferson President Jefferson
purchase the purchase the Louisiana Territory?Louisiana Territory?
•FranceFrance
Who did President Who did President Jefferson send to explore Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory?the Louisiana Territory?
• Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis • William ClarkWilliam Clark
How did the Louisiana How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size Territory affect the size of the United States?of the United States?
•Doubled itDoubled it
Who served as guide Who served as guide of the Lewis and Clark of the Lewis and Clark
expedition?expedition?
•SacajaweaSacajawea
What two countries What two countries fought in the fought in the War of 1812?War of 1812?
• United StatesUnited States
• Great BritainGreat Britain
Who was president Who was president during the during the
War of 1812?War of 1812?
•James MadisonJames Madison
Why did France and Great Why did France and Great Britain interfere with Britain interfere with
American trade during the American trade during the Napoleonic War?Napoleonic War?
• Neither country wanted its Neither country wanted its enemy to trade with the enemy to trade with the United States during the war.United States during the war.
Define impressment.Define impressment.
• The practice of The practice of drafting sailors by drafting sailors by forceforce
Why did the British navy stop Why did the British navy stop and board American ships and board American ships
and impress American and impress American sailors?sailors?
• The British navy The British navy needed sailors to fight needed sailors to fight against the French.against the French.
How did the Jefferson How did the Jefferson administration respond administration respond to British impressment to British impressment of American sailors?of American sailors?
• Passed the Embargo Passed the Embargo ActAct
What does What does embargo mean?embargo mean?
•Refuse to tradeRefuse to trade
What were two provisions What were two provisions of the Embargo Act?of the Embargo Act?
• 1) No American ship could 1) No American ship could leave an American port to go to leave an American port to go to a foreign port.a foreign port.
• 2) No foreign ship could load a 2) No foreign ship could load a cargo at an American city.cargo at an American city.
What American region was What American region was hurt by the Embargo Act hurt by the Embargo Act and why was this true?and why was this true?
• The New England statesThe New England states
• The New England The New England economy depended on economy depended on shipping and trade.shipping and trade.
Which political party Which political party opposed the opposed the
Embargo Act?Embargo Act?
•The FederalistsThe Federalists
Which state governments Which state governments threatened to nullify the threatened to nullify the
Embargo Act?Embargo Act?
• New England statesNew England states
What does it mean to What does it mean to nullify a law?nullify a law?
• Void it Void it
• Wipe it outWipe it out
What did President What did President James Madison do with James Madison do with
the Embargo Act?the Embargo Act?
• Replaced it with the Replaced it with the Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act
What did the What did the Non-Intercourse Act Non-Intercourse Act
do?do?
• Made trade with Great Made trade with Great Britain and France illegalBritain and France illegal
Why did the Why did the Non-Intercourse Act Non-Intercourse Act
fail?fail?• British navy impressed British navy impressed
American sailorsAmerican sailors
• British navy interfered with British navy interfered with American shipping rights as a American shipping rights as a neutral nationneutral nation
Why did Western Why did Western congressmen want war congressmen want war
with Great Britain?with Great Britain?
• 1) British interference with 1) British interference with American shippingAmerican shipping
• 2) Western expansionism2) Western expansionism
Who were the Who were the War Hawks?War Hawks?
• Western congressmen Western congressmen who wanted war with who wanted war with Great BritainGreat Britain
What did the War Hawks believe What did the War Hawks believe the British were encouraging on the British were encouraging on
the western frontier of the the western frontier of the United States?United States?
• Indian attacks on American Indian attacks on American settlers who lived on the settlers who lived on the western frontierwestern frontier
Who led the Who led the War Hawks?War Hawks?
• Henry ClayHenry Clay
What did the War Hawks What did the War Hawks hope the U.S. would hope the U.S. would gain by winning the gain by winning the
War of 1812?War of 1812?
• More territory in the WestMore territory in the West
• CanadaCanada
What president was What president was responsible for declaring war responsible for declaring war
on Great Britain in 1812?on Great Britain in 1812?
•James MadisonJames Madison
What war lasted What war lasted from 1812 to 1815?from 1812 to 1815?
•The War of 1812The War of 1812
What two countries What two countries fought the War of fought the War of
1812?1812?
•The United StatesThe United States
•Great BritainGreat Britain
What region was against What region was against the War of 1812?the War of 1812?
• New EnglandNew England
What political party was What political party was against the War of 1812?against the War of 1812?
•FederalistsFederalists
How did the Federalists How did the Federalists respond to President respond to President
Madison’s desire to declare Madison’s desire to declare war on Great Britain?war on Great Britain?
The Federalists:The Federalists:
• 1) Opposed the war1) Opposed the war
• 2) Talked about secession2) Talked about secession
• 3) Proposed constitutional 3) Proposed constitutional amendments that were not amendments that were not acted uponacted upon
How did the Federalist Party How did the Federalist Party want to limit the power of want to limit the power of
Congress by constitutional Congress by constitutional amendment?amendment?
• Limit Congress’ power to:Limit Congress’ power to:
1) impose embargoes1) impose embargoes
2) restrict commerce2) restrict commerce
3) make war3) make war
4) admit new states4) admit new states
What was the result of What was the result of Federalist criticism of the Federalist criticism of the
War of 1812?War of 1812?
• The Federalist Party The Federalist Party collapsedcollapsed
• The Federalists stopped The Federalists stopped being an effective political being an effective political party on the national levelparty on the national level
What were two results of the What were two results of the American belief that the U.S. American belief that the U.S.
won the War of 1812?won the War of 1812?
• 1) The U.S. claimed the 1) The U.S. claimed the Oregon territoryOregon territory
• 2) More American settlers 2) More American settlers moved into Floridamoved into Florida
What territory did What territory did the United States the United States acquire in 1819?acquire in 1819?
•FloridaFlorida
From what country From what country did the United States did the United States
acquire Florida?acquire Florida?
•SpainSpain
What two countries What two countries signed the signed the
Adams-Onis Treaty?Adams-Onis Treaty?
• The United StatesThe United States
• SpainSpain
What territory did the What territory did the Adams-Onis Treaty give Adams-Onis Treaty give
the United States?the United States?
• FloridaFlorida
The Adams-Onis TreatyThe Adams-Onis Treaty
What issue did the What issue did the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine
involve?involve?
•Foreign PolicyForeign Policy
What set forth the basic What set forth the basic principles of American principles of American
foreign policy from 1823 foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th until the end of the 19th
century?century?
• The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine
What were the What were the 4 points of the 4 points of the
Monroe Monroe Doctrine?Doctrine?
• No more European colonies in No more European colonies in the Americasthe Americas
• Countries in Western Hemisphere Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in were republics; countries in Europe were monarchiesEurope were monarchies
• If European countries threatened If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then any country in Americas, then they threatened the United Statesthey threatened the United States
• U.S. would stay out of European U.S. would stay out of European affairsaffairs
What continents are What continents are in the Western in the Western Hemisphere?Hemisphere?
•North AmericaNorth America
•South AmericaSouth America
What is a republic?What is a republic?
• A Representative A Representative DemocracyDemocracy
• The People elect The People elect representatives to make representatives to make the lawsthe laws
Who rules in Who rules in monarchies?monarchies?
•Kings and Kings and QueensQueens
What was the What was the mostmost important important point of the point of the
Monroe Doctrine?Monroe Doctrine?
• European countries European countries should stay out of the should stay out of the affairs of the Western affairs of the Western HemisphereHemisphere
What precedent did the What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ?American presidents ?
• American presidents would American presidents would consider it a threat to the consider it a threat to the United States, if European United States, if European countries meddled with countries meddled with countries in the Western countries in the Western HemisphereHemisphere
According to the Monroe According to the Monroe Doctrine, what would the U.S. Doctrine, what would the U.S. use to protect its interests in use to protect its interests in
the Western Hemisphere?the Western Hemisphere?
•Military ForceMilitary Force
What were two trends in What were two trends in American life during the American life during the
first half of the first half of the 19th century?19th century?
• Westward MovementWestward Movement
• Economic Economic DevelopmentDevelopment
Why did Americans move Why did Americans move west during the first half of west during the first half of
the 19the 19thth century? century?
• Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity
• Wanted land, both to own Wanted land, both to own and to farmand to farm
What two transportation What two transportation improvements encouraged improvements encouraged westward movement and westward movement and economic development?economic development?
•CanalsCanals
•RailroadsRailroads
Who invented Who invented the cotton gin?the cotton gin?
•Eli WhitneyEli Whitney
What did the What did the cotton gin do?cotton gin do?
•Separated cotton Separated cotton seeds from the seeds from the cotton fibercotton fiber
What did the cotton gin What did the cotton gin cause to spread cause to spread
throughout the Deep throughout the Deep South?South?
• The “Cotton Kingdom” The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-based on African-American slaveryAmerican slavery
Did the cotton gin Did the cotton gin increase or decrease increase or decrease
the demand for the demand for slaves?slaves?
•IncreasedIncreased
What resulted from What resulted from American immigration American immigration
into Texas?into Texas?
• An armed revolt An armed revolt against Mexican ruleagainst Mexican rule
What happened at What happened at the Battle of the the Battle of the
Alamo?Alamo?
• The Mexican army The Mexican army killed all the men killed all the men defending the Alamo.defending the Alamo.
What later happened What later happened when the Texans when the Texans
defeated the Mexican defeated the Mexican army?army?
• Texas gained its Texas gained its independence from independence from Mexico.Mexico.
What action did the What action did the U.S. eventually take U.S. eventually take in regard to Texas?in regard to Texas?
• AnnexedAnnexed Texas Texas
• Added Texas to the Added Texas to the U.S.U.S.
What idea provided What idea provided political support for political support for
territorial expansion?territorial expansion?
•Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny
What was Manifest What was Manifest Destiny?Destiny?
• The belief that it was God’s The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceanthe Pacific Ocean
What war lasted What war lasted from 1846 to 1848?from 1846 to 1848?
•The Mexican WarThe Mexican War
What two countries What two countries fought in the Mexican fought in the Mexican
War?War?
•The United StatesThe United States
•MexicoMexico
Who won the Who won the Mexican War?Mexican War?
•The United The United StatesStates
What was the What was the Mexican Cession?Mexican Cession?
• The territory the United The territory the United States got from Mexico States got from Mexico at the end of the at the end of the Mexican WarMexican War
What present-day What present-day states were part of states were part of
the Mexican the Mexican Cession?Cession?
• CaliforniaCalifornia
• NevadaNevada
• UtahUtah
• ArizonaArizona
• part of Coloradopart of Colorado
• part of New Mexicopart of New Mexico