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DELIVERY OF AEROSOLIZED DRUGS THROUGH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)
Team
Patrick Kurkiewicz
Annie Loevinger
Joe Decker
Steve Welch
Client
Dr. Mihai Teodorescu
Advisor
Professor John Webster
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Outline
Problem Statement Background Information Client Specifications Design Options
Design 1: Jet Nebulizer Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way
Valve Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor
Final Design Future Work Questions
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Problem Statement
A method is needed for automated delivery of bronchodilator drugs, like Albuterol, while using the CPAP device.
Automated delivery should either be continuous or at timed intervals over a patient’s sleep cycle.
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Background
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Used for sleep apnea and asthma patients Provides positive pressure to assist breathing
Image from Webster, J.G. 2009. Medical Instrumentation.
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Background
Uses Pressurized Air Efficiency 39+/-3%**
Uses ultrasonic waves Efficiency 86+/-5%**
Jet Nebulizer Ultrasonic Nebulizer
Image from www.mece.ualberta.ca/arla/tutorial.htm
** Gessler T; Schmehl T; Hoeper M M; Rose F; Ghofrani H A; Olschewski H; Grimminger F; Seeger W. 2001. Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology 2001;17(1):14-9.
Image from www.sonozap.com/nebulizer.htm
Nebulizer: transforms liquid medication into mist
patient
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Client Specifications
Compatible with CPAP Automatically deliver albuterol sulfate Cannot compromise quality of sleep Design for clinical trials Made for adults Prototype can be computer interface
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Design Options
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Design 1: Jet Nebulizer in-line with CPAP
+ Simple+ Inexpensive- Loud- Requires separate flow generation
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Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way Valve
Nebulizer gas collects in side chamber during exhale, taken up during inhale+ Simple design- Collecting gas may re-condense
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Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor
Flow sensor detects breathing rate, turns nebulizer on/off based on inhalation cycle+ More control- Complicated, requires more parts
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Design Matrix
Efficacy (25)
Safety (20)
Compatibility/
Feasibilit
y (20)
Patient
Comfort (20)
Ease of Use(10)
Cost (5)
Total(100)
Jet Nebulizer
15 20 15 0 5 5 70
Ultrasonic One-Way Valve
20 15 20 20 10 4 89
Ultrasonic Flow Sensor
25 15 12 20 10 3 85
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Final Design
Ultrasonic nebulizer with one-way valve control Existing CPAP and mask Added programmable controls
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Future Work
Finish proof of concept testing Construct prototype nebulizer Prototype testing
Drug delivery Control efficacy
Integrate design with CPAP
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Questions?