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Decomposition-driven Consolidation of Process Models
Fredrik Milani, Marlon Dumas
Raimundas Matulevičius
University of Tartu
CAiSE’2013, 20 June 2013
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Land Development CaseLand Development Process2 variants, 11 (sub-)process models, ca. 200 nodes
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Insurance Case (Suncorp, Australia)
Each process is varied by product & brand
End to end insurance process
• total number of activity nodes: ca. 15,000• total number of models (incl. subprocesses): 6,000
30variants
Home
Motor
Commercial
Liability
CTP / WC
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Financial Institution Case
• FX& MM trading process• Four process models• 210 nodes• 36% duplicates• Optimal?
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Modelling Families of Process Variants
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Insurance(Suncorp)
Land DevelopmentFX & MM
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Problem
Given a family of process variants, how do we determine which process
models to model separately and which models to model together?
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Case Study• FX (EUR/USD) Trade Processing• Processes had been modelled by consultancy
firm (flat process models) along organizational units
• Need for business process models as input for evaluation of standard system
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
FX&MMSpecialkunder
Kund HCOT-E HCOT-L
Betalnings-system
35Kunden betalar
37Skicka öppna
aviseringar
Valu
tadag +
1
4
NETAC (ProSwitch)
31Informera HCOT-L
Betalnings-mall (kopia)
ProSwitch Branch
34Swift från
branch
Branch
ProSwitch
36Bevaka/boka
betalning ABOL
ProSwitch
38Skriv ut TSO
TSO
39Avstämning
interimskonton
TSOKundbild (interims-konton)
Öppen avisering (nostro)
NETAC (ProSwitch)
Ja
Swifta hem pengar?
Nej
Valu
tadage
n
Printscreen på
betalningar som ska
swiftas hem
5(15)
HCOC-I
HCOT-L
40Avstämnings
materialet arkiveras
32Informera HCOC-I
Fel?
Nej6-12
Ja
Affärer för kunder med externa konton exkl. specialkunder och spec.kundernas
affärer med valutaopt.
RESK/INLÅ (till
EKOS)
RESK/INLÅ- Interimskonto (kredit)- Nostrokonto (debet)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
Avisering (ut-
betalningar)
Avisering (In-
betalningar)
ABOL
SLUT
Öppen avisering (nostro)
Differenser med
förklaring (Excel)
Transaktionslista
interims-konton
33Godkänna/
skicka Swift
Intellimatch
How can we consolidate the process models?
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Conceptual Foundation
Decomposition of Process Models
– Decision taken for each sub-process level at each level of decomposition
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Drivers of Variations
• Syntactic Drivers– Differences in the way two or more
variants produce their outcomes
• Business Drivers– Business reason for existence of two
or more variants
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1. Model the main process (value chain)
Main process for FX & NDF TradesRegister Trade Approve
Trade Confirm Trade Match Trade Settle Trade Book Trade
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2. Identify Variation Drivers
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2. Identify variation drivers and determine their relative strength
– Primary driver being product (FX versus NDF)
– Secondary driver being customer type (Private, Corporate or Interbank)
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3. Identify all existing variants and perform similarity assessment
Register Trade Approve Trade Confirm Trade Match Trade Settle Trade Book Trade FX & MM 1. Bank Manual Manual Swift IntelliMatch CLS Gross Automated Automated Online CLS Gross Net Paper 2. Corporate Account Manual Manual Swift Swift Account Gross Automated Online Platform Paper Online Bulk Paper Cash Manual Manual Swift Swift Gross Gross Automated Paper Platform Net CLS Online Bulk Paper 3. Private Manual Automated Paper Paper Account Gross 4. Site Manual Manual Swift Swift Gross Gross Automated Online Platform Net Paper Online Bulk Paper
Register Trade Approve Trade Confirm Trade Match Trade Settle Trade Book Trade
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Register Trade Approve Trade Confirm Trade FX & MM 1. Bank Manual Manual Swift Automated Automated Online 2. Corporate Manual Manual Swift 3. Site Manual Manual Swift Automated Online NDF 1. Bank Manual Manual Paper Automated 2. Corporate Manual Manual Paper Automated 3. Site Manual Manual Paper
Register Trade Approve Trade Confirm Trade Match Trade Settle Trade Book Trade
Variation Matrix
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Syntactic Similarities
Very Similar Somewhat Similar
Not Similar
Not
St
rong
Som
ewha
t St
rong
Stro
ngVe
ry
Stro
ng
Stre
nght
of B
usin
ess
Driv
er Separa
te
Together
Separate
Together
Together
Separate
Split-Consolidate Decision Instrument
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Variation MapRegister
TradeApprove
TradeConfirm Trade
Match Trade Settle Trade Book Trade
Confirm FX/MM Trade
Confirm NDF Trade
Match Client Bulk Trades
Match Non-CLS Trade
Match CLS Trade
Match Client Trade
Settle CLS Trade
Settle Interbank
Trade
Settle Client Trade
Register Trade
Approve Trade Book Trade
Settle NDF Trade
Match NDF Trade
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Case Study• Four-hour variation mapping workshop with
5 domain experts– Value chain modeling– Variation driver identification– Similarity assessment variation matrix
• Offline consolidation of existing models by analyst (2 weeks)
• Verification in a series of 8 x 2-hour workshops with domain experts only
• Feedback gathering
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Results at a Glance
Size Metrics Input Consolidated
Main Process Models 4 1
Sub-Process Models 35 17
Activity Nodes 210 149
Duplication rate 36 % 15 %
Complexity (CNC) 1,25 1,33
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Looking Ahead
• Applying method for green-fields modeling of process variants– Genome sequencing process
• Automated discovery of structured families of process variants from event logs– To appear in BPM’2013