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Yard Diagram of a Two Road
Station
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TrackTracks may Fail or Bob due to
1. Conductors lying across
2. Improper Ballast
3. Heavy Rain4. Mischief
5. Relay Problem
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SignalProblems related to Signals
1. Fusing Of signal Lamp
2. Blanking of Signal
3. Signal Raised Up
4. Signal lamp to be replaced forpreventive maintenance
5.Conflicting Aspects
6.Signal Passing at danger
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Point Machine
1. Friction in movement
2. Loose Packing of Point
3. Point Fail
4. Point not setting due to obstruction
5. Point Button Not Properly Pressed-Premature release
6. Point M/c drawing High Current
7. Relay Bobbing
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Point Loose Packing
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Obstacle In Point
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Button
1. Button Stuck Up2. Premature Release
3. Unnecessary Pressing of Button
4. Improper Sequence
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Circuit
1 Progression Sequence Interrupted
2 Contact offering High Resistance
3 Fuse Blown Off
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Analog Voltages & Currents-AC
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So what we require may be a
Recording System
To Record all theinformation relating to the
yard i.e Data Logger
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Computer Connectivity
Single Data-loggercan be connected to Computerfor
storing & processing of the Relay and Voltage information
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A Computercan also take data, through an FEP,
connected to a network of Data-Loggers.
Computer Connectivity
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In a computerall this data is stored in the Hard Disk.
Present Day Hard Disks, of size 40GBcan hold
nearly 3 years of information of networks, having an
average of30 Data-loggers.
Computer Memory
Hard Disk
Computer
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Front End Processor(FEP)The data of the network is collected by theFEP (Front End Processor), which in turn istransmitted to the computer
FEP acts as a buffer between the Computerand the Network
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Input ID-Packet Structure
Now we need to Know the Relay and its
statusWhat about this?
The Input ID i.e the Number of the contact
where it is connected to the Data logger,
and the change(Status ) are also sent along.
Serial Type Time Input ID StatusDLNo
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Relay1 On/Off Time1
Serial Type Time Input StatusDLNo
Relay2 On/Off Time2
Relay 3 On/Off Time3
1.
2.
3.
Analog2 On/Off Time44.
Serial Number-Packet Structure
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CRC-Packet Structure
The information when passed in a network
may be corrupted due to noise etc.How can
you identify this ??CRC : Cyclic redundancy Check- is the best
validation algorithm to identify the error, if
any in the data packets.This Byte relates tothis checking mechanism.
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Printout of Status of Relays at
Data-LoggerDate-Time Relay Status
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What is the Use of Relay On-Off
information Let us Take an example of a Point M/c working
Normal Sequence Failure situation
Nwkr & Rwkr both down
for 25 seconds
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Point Normal operation
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Point Failure condition
18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:46:375
18 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:46:516
18 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:43:49:672 made to normal
18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:125
18 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:43:56:266
18 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:43:56:359 attempt to make reverse
18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:15:312
18 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:15:469
18 NWKPR2 Up 03/05/2003 12:44:18:625 made to normal
18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:734
18 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:44:20:844 Attempt to make reverse
18 NWKPR2 Down 03/05/2003 12:44:20:93818 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:28:562
18 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:28:719 * tried to make normal
18 NCR Down 03/05/2003 12:45:29:953 *
18 RCR Up 03/05/2003 12:45:30:078 5 attempt to make reverse *** (no fault decla
18 RCR Down 03/05/2003 12:47:06:01618 NCR Up 03/05/2003 12:47:06:469
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Loose packingFailure Condition Normal operation
NWKR status change
when TPR Down
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Signal blanking
Failure condition Normal operation
All the ECRs Down for 10
seconds
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Filtering Analog Channels
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Selected Analog Channel Report
A l Ch l G h
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Analog Channel Graphs
Variations
in Supply
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Block Diagram of the Process Involved - 1
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Fault Entry
SoftwareLogic NMDL
Software
Data Packets
From DataLoggers
Fault
Files
Fault
Conclusions
1. Online Relay Status
2. Online Analog Status
3. Online Simulation
Computer
Hard Disk
----------------------------
-------------
-------------
g
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TPR Fail
Logic Used
IF TPR1, TPR2, TPR3 are in sequence thenIf TPR1 UP - TPR2 DOWN- TPR3 UP
Triggering Relay : TPR2
TPR Bobbing
Logic Used
IF TPR DOWN TO UP OR UP TO DOWN Withinthe time interval.
Examples of common Logics
T k f il
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Track failure
Failure Condition Normal operation
A36ATpr,A37BTPR,A39ATpr are in sequence
Track Dn condition occurring in maintenance of
tracks resulted in Track fail Logic wrongly
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Point MachineFailNWKR is down and RWKR is down for
more than given time interval.
Loose packingWhen TPR1 is down, then the
corresponding NWKR, RWKR should notchange their status. Triggering signals areNWKR, RWKR.
Examples of common Logics
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Point fail
Failure conditionNormal operation
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Loose packing
Failure Condition Normal operation
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Quick I dentif ication of fail ures
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Circuit FailureHR Circuit failure. Button1, Button2 are up and after time
interval if HR is DOWN
Quick I dentif ication of failures
Relays whichattained
improper
status
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Validity Of Entered information
The Relay Name & Contact Type is to becarefully noted for all the inputs and entered
in the database at the computer end, asnegative logic is used for Back contacts.
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The Fault Logics usedshould be tried and tested
regularly and well tuned forbetter conclusions.
Validity Of Entered information
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Signal Down Count
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Signal Down Count
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Battery Discharge condition
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F luctuations in a weak Battery
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F luctuations in a weak Battery
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What Have you Learnt in this
Module??? What is a Data-logger?
How is it storing the changes in the Relay status ?
How a better analysis of sequence of relayoperations and analog voltages, be done ?
How a better predictive and preventive
maintenance is possible?
What are the common problems in relay contacts
and voltage channels?