Download - Dark Matter Group AC 8
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DARK MATTER
Presentation by: Ernesto Jiménez, Irene
Mengibar and Irene Wbanet
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Introduction
• Everything we can see is made of atoms.
• Ordinary matter is just a 5% of the
universe.
• Evidence for dark matter (95%):
1.Cosmic Microwave Background.
2.The need of more matter than the visible
one to explain some gravitational effects.
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Definition of dark matter
• Dark matter is a 27% of the universe.
• It is not reactant to light.
• It is important because of its gravitational
effects in the universe’s structure.
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1st type: Cosmological constant
• It is spread all around the universe,
homogeneously.
• It is the simplest for of dark energy
because it is constant in space and time.
• It is the type which causes the expansion
of the universe.
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2nd type: Scalar fields
• Is dynamic, so constant over space but
changes over time.
• Can change over space also but these
ones are very similar to cosmological
constant.
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String Theory
1. Macroscopic level: Matter2. Molecular level3. Atomic level: Protons, neutrons, and electrons4. Subatomic level: Electron5. Subatomic level: Quarks6. String level
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String Theory
• One string is the base of matter
• Each oscillation makes a sub-particle
• It makes up their properties
• It also explains particle interaction
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Sub-particles
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Supersymmetry
• Relates fermions with bosons
• Haven’t been observed yet.
• Suggest a
common origin
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Superpartner examples:
Leptons Leptons
Squarks Quarks
Photon Photino
Neutralino ?
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What is dark matter?
• Dark matter is not in the form of stars and
planets that we can see.
• It is not in the form of dark clouds of
normal matter, otherwise we could detect
the baryonic clouds which forms this
matter
• Dark matter is not antimatter, because we
can’t see the gamma rays
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Composition
There are two different possibilities:
•The WIMPS (Weakly interacting Massive
Particles)
•The MACHOs (Massive Compact Halo
Objects)
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WIMPs
• They are subatomic particles which are
not made up of ordinary matter.
• They include neutrinos, axions and
neutralinos
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MACHOs
• They are objects ranging in size from
small stars to super massive black holes.
• They are made up of ordinary matter (like
protons, neutrons and electrons)
• They may be black holes, neutron stars or
brown dwarfs.
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Pandora’s Cluster
• A complex collision of at least four galaxy
clusters
• Strange effects that have never been seen
together before
• It has apparently been produced because of this
smash-up.
• Dubbed "Pandora's Cluster" because of all of
the different structures found.
• Officially known as Abell 2744
• Located about 3.5 billion light years from Earth.
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PANDORA’S CLUSTER
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Pandora’s Visions
XRAY VISION OPTICAL VISION LMAP VISION
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NOW PREPARE YOURSELF
FOR…
A TEST
Only one answer is valid…
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• What does not react to electromagnetic
waves in any significant form?
A: Dark energy
B: Dark matter
C: Cosmic Microwave Background.
Test
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• What does not react to electromagnetic
waves in any significant form?
A: Dark energy
B: Dark matter
C: Cosmic Microwave Background.
Test
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Test
• What is the value of the energy density
of the vacuum of space?
A: Dark energy
B: Black holes
C: Cosmological constant
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Test
• What is the value of the energy density
of the vacuum of space?
A: Dark energy
B: Black holes
C: Cosmological constant
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• How would the supersymmetrical
partner of an up quark be called?
A: Down quark
B: Antiup quark
C: Up squark
D: Up quark hasn’t got any
supersymmetrical partner
Test
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• How would the supersymmetrical
partner of an up quark be called?
A: Down quark
B: Antiup quark
C: Up squark
D: Up quark hasn’t got any
supersymmetrical partner
Test
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• How many sub-atomic particles are
there in the standard model?
A: 15
B: 18
C: 17
Test
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• How many sub-atomic particles are
there in the standard model?
A: 15
B: 18
C: 17
Test
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• Can you name the three particles
included in WIMPs?
A: Protons, neutrons and neutralinos
B: Neutrinos, axions and electrons
C: Neutrinos, axions and neutralinos
D: Neutrinos, neutrons and neutralinos
Test
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• Can you name the three particles
included in WIMPs?
A: Protons, neutrons and neutralinos
B: Neutrinos, axions and electrons
C: Neutrinos, axions and neutralinos
D: Neutrinos, neutrons and neutralinos
Test
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• What are MACHOs?
A: They are subatomic particles which are not made up of ordinary matter.
B: They are very small objects made up of neutrinos, axions and neutralinos
C: They are subatomic particles not made from ordinary matter
D: They are objects ranging in size from small to massive black holes
Test
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• What are MACHOs?
A: They are subatomic particles which are not made up of ordinary matter.
B: They are very small objects made up of neutrinos, axions and neutralinos
C: They are subatomic particles not made from ordinary matter
D: They are objects ranging in size from small to massive black holes
Test
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• WIMPs are…
A: Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
B: Weakly Interesting Massive Particles
C: White Infrared Massive Pieces
D: Widely Interacting Massive Particles
Test
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• WIMPs are…
A: Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
B: Weakly Interesting Massive Particles
C: White Infrared Massive Pieces
D: Widely Interacting Massive Particles
Test
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HOPE YOU LIKED IT!!
Be careful with black holes….