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Current Situation of Fruits Production,
Research and Future Prospects
Yezin, Myanmar
GREEN FRUITS DEDICATED WORKSHOP
Win Naing (Ph.D)
Department of Agricultural Research (DAR)
Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
23 March, 2018
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Out line
• Overview of Fruit Production
• Food security and safety trend in Myanmar
• Research on fruits
• On going research
• Future prospect
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Overview of Fruit Production
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Fruit crops can be grouped into two:
Fruit produced all year round (e.g Banana,
Guava, Coconut, etc.)
Seasonal fruit (e.g Mango, Cashew nut, Durain,
Dragon fruit etc.)
Fruit production mainly targeted for domestic
consumption
Mango, Plum, Watermelon and Muskmelon are
exported to China by means of border trade
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Major Fruit Crops in Myanmar
Seasonal
Fruits
Year round
Fruits
Banana Citrus
Guava Papaya
Mango Durian
Plums Avocado
Mangosteen Orange Coconut Grapes
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Sr. Name Area(ac) Sr. Name Area(ac)
1 Mango *246582 11 Grapes 3414
2 Citrus 51725 12 Apple 14347
3 Orange 37518 13 Pear 2403
4 Pummelo 16987 14 Damson 3752
5 Durian 23516 15 Chest Nut 10928
6 Pineapple *60744 16 Hazel Nut 539
7 Custard apple 11086 17 Tamarine 46065
8 Lychee 8109 18 Strawberry 423
9 Cashew Nut *214147 19 Other 689830
10 Plum 54036 Total 1,488,451
Growing Area of Fruit Trees 2015-2016
(Source; Horticulture & Plant Biotechnology Division, MOALI, 2016)
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Years Sown
(ha)
Harvested
(ha)
Yield
(MT/ha)
Production
(MT)
2007-2008 77270 70120 6.38 447768
2008-2009 78009 69087 6.30 435105
2009-2010 79228 71534 6.74 482235
2010-2011 79909 70086 7.19 503676
2011-2012 82958 74189 6.64 492348
2012-2013 93890 76313 6.88 524654
INC
RE
AS
ED
(Source: Myanmar Agriculture at a Glance, 2013)
Mango trees - both seedling and grafting - grown extensively
Contd.
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45.131
39.749
28.281 29.444
30.811
23.138
13.5
9.623 10.063 10.561
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
MT (Thausand)
USD (M)
Status of Myanmar Mango export
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Mango developing in China
Late maturing area along
Jin Sha Jiang valley keitt,
kensinten, Sensation
Meddle maturing area along
You Jiang valley Tai Nong
No.1, Jin Hang, Gui Fei
Early maturing area Tai
Nong No.1, Jin Hang
Early maturing area Gui Fei,
Tai Nong No.1, Jin Hang,
Yunnan mid-late maturing
area sensation, Nam Doc
Mai #4, Mya HhinTha
Guangxi Yunnan
Sichuan
Guangdong
Hainan
Fujian Guizhou
Distribution
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International market/ 2013
Other regions Philipines
Thailand
Taiwan
Vietnam
2877 Tons
Russia
Macao
Other regions
Myanmar
24268 Tons
Production at international market is mainly fresh mangoes.
Import export
Mango developing in China
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Water melon export condition
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Mango export condition
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Musk melon export condition
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Myanmar Mango Export
Fresh Fruit Mango Leather
Dry Mango Frozen Mango
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Food security and safety trend in Myanmar
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Vegetables & Fruits: The key source of micronutrients
Vegetables & Fruits
3-5 servings a day
1 serving = 80 g
240 – 400 g a day
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How much vegetables and fruits should we eat?
Source: WorldVegs (AVRDC 2015)
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Mango Research Conducted at DAR
Shelf-life of STL mango as affected by hot water
treatment and modified atmosphere packaging
Hot water and different packing materials on shelf-life of
STL mango under cold storage and ambient condition
Growth and yield of STL mango as affected by different
fertilizer rate
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Early fruit production with some chemicals
Late flower and fruit production with different
application times and dosage of GA3
Mango germplasm conservation at DAR
Study on fruit drop of Mango by spraying with some
chemicals
Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)
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Effects of different pruning methods on yields and
quality of STL mango
Growth , yield and quality of mango as affected by
different application time of chemicals cv.STL
Fruit setting and yield of STL mango by different
foliar spraying
Effect s of root pruning and different fertilizer rates
on flowering and fruit yield
Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)
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Effects of different pruning methods on yields and
quality of STL mango
Quality and colour changing of some mangoes as
affected by different bagging material
Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)
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Mango germplasm conservation and Characterizationat DAR
About 77 varieties of Mango are maintained in situ conservation farm
Fruit characters of these varieties were documented
Will collect the some more varieties
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Seintalone Maungtone
Mamagyi Mautgaung Hladin
Panswe
MDY Nattnet
Oatkanma
chitsu
Netpyar
Uzinmoe Laeseinsar
Ngetpyawsahe
Waso
Phoechin
Tankunchar Machitsu
Panswe 1
Lanemaw
F4-5
Shwehintha
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Traits Mean Minimum Maximum Range Std CV%
Fruit length 11.25 5.1 22.8 17.7 3.07 27.33
Fruit breadth 6.80 4.8 10.9 6.1 1.27 18.71
Fruit thickness 6.17 4.3 9.9 5.6 1.17 19.00
Fruit weight 281.04 90 900 810 166.50 59.24
Stone length 8.84 1.1 20.9 19.8 3.38 38.25
Stone breadth 3.44 1.9 4.6 2.7 0.95 27.68
Stone thickness 1.89 1 2.6 1.6 0.31 16.33
Stone weight 46.13 19 100 81 18.11 39.25
Brix % 16.46 10 25 15 3.04 18.48
Descriptive statistics of the traits measured in analysis of
77 mango fruits germplasm
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Figure 1. Cluster tree of 77 mango fruits germplasm
VI
III
VII
IV
II
V
I
Seven
Groups/Clusters
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Clustered observations / Clusters size :
Group
I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Group
VII
5 26 27 7 3 8 1
Singaung DARadmin Oatshit Gyoyote Sinpaung Lanemaw Satenoet
Umaydiya Mamagyi Pannatnet EB - 6 Wetthakaut Panswe1
Taiwan Washo F3 ND-3 No 22 SB - 8 ND-12
Myakyaut Oatkanmachitsu SE-6 F3 NE-1 Shwehintha
TLTD F 4-3 Salinnatnet Shwewar F4-5
F4-6 Israel Field 4-1 Nandockmai
Panswe2 F 3 ED 3 EB - 2 F3 ND-6
Maungtone Myautgaung1 Chokannam
Mautgaung DARadmin1
Uzinmoe Natnet
Panswe Tasumyeit
Phochin Htateni
Ngetpyawshae Manawnwe1
Machitsu NE-4
SainSar Panswe4
Laeseinsar Manawnwe
Seintalone Panswe3
Masawyin Netpyarlone
Tankunchar SC-5
MDYNatet Lawe 2
F3 EF-3 F 3 M 4
Seinsar F4-7
Bo F3 - SB-9
Hladin SG 7
EE - 2 EA 1
Netpyar F4-2
Pwintphyu
Table 3. Distribution of different mango fruits germplasm
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Current Research Activities and
Knowledge Sharing
1. Different inter -stocks on yield and quality on STL
mango in Ultra High Density
2. Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit
development in STL mango
3. Off-season production of different mangoes
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Early flowering and fruiting technique of Sein
Ta Lone mango
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(Conducting not only at Research center but also
at Private mango orchards which are located in
Bago and Mandalay Divisions)
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Uniform flush after Tip Pruning
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PBZ 1.5 g a.i/m of canopy was done on August 5, 2017 after second flush
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NamDocMai Flower Inition on Nov,10
Shoot age -3.5 Month
Early flowering response of different mango
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Germplasm Flower iniation onDec 20
Shoot age - 4.5 Month
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SeinTaLone Flower inition on Jan 15
Shoot age - 5.5 Month
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SeinTaLone Flower inition on Jan 25
Shoot age – more thab 5.5 Month
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Rejuvenation Pruning of Old Mango Orchard
• Difficult to Pruning
• In efficient in spraying
• Dangerous for operator
• Difficult to bagging, harvesting
• Nutrient Management
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Re-Juvenile Pruning and Normal Pruning
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Tommy Atkins
Keitt
Sensation
R2E2
Alphonso
Sein Ta Lone X
X
X
X
X
Taiwan X
X Nam Dock Mai
Hybridization Plan
Shwe Hin Tha
Aung Din
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Emasculation and hybridization procedure supported by
Yunan Academy of Agricultural Science, China
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• Collaborative research with YAU, DAR and cienceVision Sdn Bhd
• Mango DNA sequensing
(STL, Yin Kwe and Ma Chit Su)
• STL – hard to induce flowering
• Yin Kwe- regular bearing
• Ma Chit Su- Off-season
• cienceVision Sdn Bhd H/P (6019) 3341 620 T: (603) 3341 7282 F: (603) 3341 6687
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Fruit growth pattern in mango
Slow fruit growth
Rapid fruit growth
Fruit set, cell division
Spreer et al., 2009
Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit development in STL mango
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Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit
development in STL mango
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Fertigation and deficit irrigation during fruit
development in STL mango
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Mango Training Workshop Jointly Organized by DAR and
Myanmar Mango Market & Technology Development Association
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Fruits
• Production and market research
• Germplasm collection and evaluation
• Propagation techniques and clonal propagation
• Training and pruning
•Nursery Management
• Post-harvest management
•Food Safety, GAP, GMP
Future prospect
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Trade to be increase •Market competancy
•Production season of other countries
•MyanGAP, EUGAP, GlobalGAP, AseanGAP
•Safety an quality assuarance
Safety and quality
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Export
Domistic
Value Added
Fruits Production
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Trees grown at 20°C days/15°C nights (20/15°C) required 20 weeks
(Ramirez and Davenport, 2010)
To complete a growth/dormancy cycle while at 30/25°C the same cycle was completed in 6 weeks (mean of ten cultivars)
(Ramirez and Davenport, 2010)
အညနသစဖြစပေါမ အပေါ အေချန၏ လမးမးမ
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သပေသနများပောငရကရန
အရညအပသးဖေည၀သည ဟငးသးဟငးရက သစသး၀လများ ထေလေရန
ေနြးဖမငထေကနများ ေးေကထေလေပရး၊ နညးေညာများေးေကပရး
ခငမာသညပေးကကများ အဖမနဖြစပေါလာပရး
Certification (GAP/ Organic)
Information Technology က ထထပရာကပရာကအသးဖေနငပရး
စကေျးထေလေသများအကကား ေးပေါငးပောငရကပရး
ပချးပင၊ သငေနးများနငနညးေညာများ ေေးဖခငး
ပောငရကရမညလေငနးများ
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Ten Countries that Export the Most
Fruit in the World(2016) Sr. Country Name MT
1 Spain 7.228
2 Ecuador 6.139
3 Costa Rica 4.490
4 USA 4.262
5 Mexico 3.284
6 Philippines 3.000
7 Italy 2.880
8 South Africa 2.879
9. Guate mala 2.866
10 Netherlands 2.786
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Ten Countries that Export the Most Fruit
in the World(2016)
63
Sr. Country Name MT
1 Spain 7.228
2 Ecuador 6.139
3 Costa Rica 4.490
4 USA 4.262
5 Mexico 3.284
6 Philippines 3.000
7 Italy 2.880
8 South Africa 2.879
9. Guate mala 2.866
10 Netherlands 2.786