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Cultural bequest values for ecosystem service flows
among indigenous fishers: a discrete choice
experiment validated with mixed methods
KLL Oleson1,2, M Barnes-Mauthe1*, L Brander3, T Oliver1, I van Beek4,
B Zafindrasilivonona2 and P van Beukering3
1U. of Hawaii, 2Blue Ventures Conservation, 3VU Amsterdam, 4Wageningen U.
IIFET 2014, Brisbane Australia
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Bequest Value
Photos (clockwise): national geographic, fotokanal.com, fineartamerica.com, wallsev.com
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Bequest Value
Photos (clockwise): national geographic, fotokanal.com, fineartamerica.com, wallsev.com
Photo
: tr
opic
smag.o
verb
log.c
om
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Total Economic Value
USE VALUE
DIRECT INDIRECT OPTION BEQUEST EXISTENCE
NON-USE
VALUE
(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005)
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Total Economic Value
USE VALUE
DIRECT INDIRECT OPTION BEQUEST EXISTENCE
NON-USE
VALUE
(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005)
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Photos (clockwise): Garth Brooks, Jody Macdonald, Frans Lanting
Bequest Values in Indigenous
Communities(O’Garra 2009, Garibaldi and Turner 2004)
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Study Goals
1. Quantify bequest
values for indigenous
fishers using a discrete
choice experiment
(DCE)
2. Use DCE to estimate
discount rates
3. Validate DCE
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Locally Managed
Marine Area
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“To Live With The Sea”
50 KmN S
24 Villages
7,563 People
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The Vezoolo mitolo rano sy olo mipetsaky andriaky
people who ‘struggle with the sea and live by the coast’
- Astuti (1995)
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Severe Poverty and Resource
Dependence
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Severe Poverty and Resource
Dependence
o Average per capita income – $1 USD/day
o 90% of income from resource-dependent
activities (82% from fishing/gleaning)
o 87% of adults are fisher or gleaners
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Threats to Vezo Culture
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o Chronic political instability
o Population growth
o Increased migration to coast
o Escalation of extreme weather events
o Habitat degradation
o Declining fisheries
Threats to Vezo Culture
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Data
Focus GroupsN = 7
Key Informant InterviewsN = 26
DCE
N = 301
16 villages (of 21)
stratified (geographic & habitat)
random household
representative respondents (age, sex)
(Applying DCEs in Developing Countries: Bennet and Birol 2010)
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o Stated choice method
o Willingness to pay for a marginal change– e.g., $1 for 10 extra minutes of sleep
o Hypothetical Scenario: Strengthened Management
Measures – e.g., strict enforcement of destructive fishing methods ban,
expansion of no-take zones, increasing # of octopus reserves,
limiting destruction of mangroves and coral reefs
Discrete Choice Experiment
(Louviere 1982, 1983)
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Choice model (Pearce 2006)
Select ES
Shoreline ProtectionYears without home damage
BequestGenerations able to live as Vezo
Commercial Fisheries$ per spring tide in year 2 -10
Short-term Income $ per spring tide in year 1
Social Cohesion# people attending meetings
Discrete Choice Experiment
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Discrete Choice Experiment
Choice model (Pearce 2006)
Select ES
Assign levelsShoreline ProtectionYears without home damage
BequestGenerations able to live as Vezo
Commercial Fisheries$ per spring tide in year 2 -10
Short-term Income $ per spring tide in year 1
Social Cohesion# people attending meetings
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Discrete Choice Experiment
Choice model (Pearce 2006)
Select ES
Assign levels
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Discrete Choice Experiment
Choice model (Pearce 2006)
Select ES
Assign levels
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Verifying Results
o Multi-method comparison
– Preference statements
– Ranking and rating game
• Beans as weights, rate services using 5 beans in 4 rounds
Photo
: re
efd
octo
r.org
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Results?
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Willingness to Pay
WTP [$000 MGA] For…
3.07…2 additional people from each
village attending meetings
4.13…1 additional year without storm
damage
6.18…moderate increase in long-term
commercial fisheries
24.42 …1 additional generation Vezo
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Willingness to Pay
WTP [$000 MGA] For…
3.07…2 additional people from each
village attending meetings
4.13…1 additional year without storm
damage
6.18…moderate increase in long-term
commercial fisheries
24.42 …1 additional generation Vezo= 624/yr, or 75-95% of income
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Willingness to Pay
WTP [$000 MGA] For…
3.07…2 additional people from each
village attending meetings
4.13…1 additional year without storm
damage
6.18…moderate increase in long-term
commercial fisheries
24.42 …1 additional generation Vezo= 624/yr, or 75-95% of income
Discount rate = 38%
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Rating and Ranking
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Preference Statements
Bequest
Primary motivation: 70%
Storm Cohesion
9% 1%Income
20%
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Preference Statements
73%
disagree or
strongly
disagree
(n=259)
Short-term Long-term
“I do not want my income from seafood sales this year to
decline, even if it means my sales next year would increase”
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Significance
Bequest was prioritized, despite poverty and
difficult tradeoffs
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Significance
Bequest values can play a crucial role in policy &
management
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Vezo aho – ‘I am Vezo’
the sea is my heritage and that of my descendants(Adriamalala et al. 2013)
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Funding for this project was provided by NSF
grant #0853086, Blue Ventures Conservation, The
Waterloo Foundation, The MacArthur Foundation,
and Network for Social Change
A special thanks to Garth Cripps for all the
wonderful photos (all those without a citation)
KLL Oleson: [email protected]
M Barnes-Mauthe: [email protected]
Misaotra bevata!(Thank you very much)
For more information: Oleson et al.
in review – Ecological Economics