Download - Cranes 2
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Cranes
Module 13
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Objectives
After this module you should be able to
identify the most common crane hazards
take the necessary steps to avoid those
hazards
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Crane Hazards
Improper loading
Not using outriggers or leveling crane
Not calculating load weight correctly
Lifting on unstable support surface
Working around powerlines
Damaged windows and other crane parts
No barrier around swing radius
No or poor regular inspections
No boom angle indicator
Wind and other side forces
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Preplanning the Lift
Level the crane to within 1% and ensure
support surface is firm, able to support
the load
Know the location and voltage of any
overhead powerlines; stay 10 away
Barricade the area within the swing radius
Determine your pickup and drop locations
Calculate the weight of the load and
determine how to safely lift that weight
Inspect the crane
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Daily Crane Inspection
Some items to inspect include
tires properly inflated
clearance for tail swing
wire rope wear
physical damage to crane loose or missing hardware
fluid leaks
Inspection must be done by a competent person
If it needs fixed, dont use it until it is repaired
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Load Weight
Refer to the shipping ticket or other
documentation
Ensure load is within the load chart rating
for the boom length and load radius the
operator is using
remember that the crane is rated by the
maximum weight it will lift at minimum boom
length and minimum radius the further from the cranes center point the
load is, the less the crane will handle safely
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Load Limiting Factors
An operator must also consider the
following when calculating for a safe lift
wind
side loads
on wheels or outriggers
lifting over the side
use of extensions, jibs, or other attachments
the limits of rigging
the actual weight of the rigging must be
considered
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the results of an improperly
loaded crane are obvious
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do not stand under a suspended load at
any time; use tag lines to guide the load
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this cranes outriggers are fully extended
and the crane is level; therefore, it is stable
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a boom angle indicator must be installed on
every crane with variable angle booms
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these sheaves are damaged which
causes excessive wear on the wire rope
Corrective Action:replace the sheaves when they are worn or
broken or when their damage will cause damage to the wire rope
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a thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting
machinery must be made by a competent person
the employer shall maintain a record of
the dates and results of the inspections
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Applicable Standards
1910.181 Derricks
1926 Subpart N Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Elevators, and Conveyors
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Your Employer Is Responsible For
Designating competent persons to inspect
and operate cranes
Ensuring crane is inspected daily before
each use and thoroughly annually
Providing the necessary rigging devices Responding to and correcting hazards
pointed out by you, the worker
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You Are Responsible For
Inspecting the crane daily before use
Preplanning the lift
Knowing the load weight and other
factors to perform a safe lift
Correcting the hazards you are able to
correct
Reporting to your supervisor the hazardsyou are unable to correct
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Case Study
Workers were in the process of
disassembling the boom. When the pins
were driven out, the boom fell onto the
workers.
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Always Remember
Level the crane within 1% and ensure a
firm support surface
Stay 10 from overhead powerlines
Consider other factors such as wind and
side loads when calculating for a safe lift
Inspect the crane before each use and
perform a thorough inspection annually
Never operate a crane that has any
component in need of repair
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Memory Check
1. A crane must be level to what percentage
before a lift?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 10
d. 12.5
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Memory Check
2. Which of the following is not a factor
that affects the load calculation?
a. the limits of the rigging
b. the weight of the rigging
c. the wind speed
d. all of the above must be considered