COUNTRYPROFILE PHILIPPINES
BASIC FACTS
Capital
Land area (square km '000) 3002018
Exchange Rate (per $) 52.6612018
Population - market size (millions) 106.602018
9
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 330.82018
37
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 8,9362018
62
Real GDP growth (%) 6.22018
5
Consumer price inflation (%) 5.212018
57
Unemployment rate (%) 5.302018
32
Labor force (millions) 43.462018
9
Current account balance (% of GDP) -2.382018
48
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 78.82017
47
Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.962018
20
PEER GROUPS RANKINGS
ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
PHILIPPINES
OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank
Manila
CHALLENGES IN 2019
Need to speed up and sustain investments in physical
infrastructure.
Asian Institute of Management, Rizalino S. Navarro Policy Center
for Competitiveness
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
41 42 4150 46
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
12
54
42
21
46
37
14
4854
4449
10
3933
29
61
44
5956 58
Dom
est
ic E
conom
y
Inte
rnat
ional
Tra
de
Inte
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ional
Inve
stm
ent
Em
plo
yment
Pri
ces
Public
Fin
ance
Tax
Polic
y
Inst
itutional
Fra
mew
ork
Busi
ness
Legi
slat
ion
Soci
eta
l Fra
mew
ork
Pro
duct
ivity
& E
ffic
iency
Lab
or
Mar
ket
Fin
ance
Man
agem
ent
Pra
ctic
es
Att
itudes
and V
alues
Bas
ic Infr
astr
uct
ure
Tech
nolo
gica
l In
fras
truct
ure
Scie
ntific
Infr
astr
uct
ure
Heal
th a
nd E
nvi
ronm
ent
Educa
tion
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
1112
11
13 13
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
18 18 1621 20
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
• Need to speed up and sustain investments in physical
infrastructure.
• Inadequate investment in human capital.• Poor digital competitiveness and future-readiness.
• Need to sustain investor and consumer confidence.
• Persistent political risks.
Provided by:
Asian Institute of Management, Rizalino S. Navarro Policy Center
for Competitiveness
1
IMPROVEMENTS
WCY
2018
WCY
2019 DECLINES
WCY
2018
2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -2.22 -0.99 1.2.02 Current account balance -0.80
2.2.07 Effective personal income tax rate 9.68 5.35 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 3.18
1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 10.30 14.03 2.2.01 Collected total tax revenues 10.88
1.2.25 Tourism receipts 1.69 2.23 3.2.01 Compensation levels 0.90
2.4.02 Protectionism 3.87 5.04 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.098
2.4.13 Creation of firms 4.60 5.79 4.3.10 Researchers in R&D per capita 0.3
4.3.20 Scientific research legislation 3.94 4.82 4.3.07 Total R&D personnel per capita 0.37
4.2.04 Communications technology 3.89 4.67 3.2.03 Remuneration in services professions 10,815
2.4.04 Foreign investors 3.18 3.81 3.3.10 Stock market capitalization (%) 91.73
4.3.02 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 0.14 0.16 2.3.13 Bribery and corruption 1.54
2.4.15 Start-up procedures 16.0 13.0 4.1.21 Electricity costs for industrial clients 0.127
2.4.03 Public sector contracts 4.55 5.36 1.5.06 Gasoline prices 0.92
4.3.22 Knowledge transfer 4.00 4.65 2.5.02 Homicide 9.9
4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 3.1 3.5 2.4.14 Start-up days 28.0
4.2.13 Development and application of technology 5.13 5.91 4.1.04 Access to water 5.89 5.28
-2.38
0.129
0.2
0.26
12,791
75.48
1.29
31.0
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
PHILIPPINES
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
WCY
2019
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
From a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
5.21
15.87
1.23
0.144
1.03
11.0
3.5%
7.0%
9.3%
9.3%
9.3%
9.3%
19.8%
20.9%
27.9%
31.4%
50.0%
57.0%
58.1%
73.3%
84.9%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Effective legal environment
Competency of government
Policy stability & predictability
Competitive tax regime
Strong R&D culture
Reliable infrastructure
Business-friendly environment
Effective labor relations
Access to financing
Quality of corporate governance
High educational level
Open and positive attitudes
Cost competitiveness
Dynamism of the economy
Skilled workforce
2
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Domestic Economy 24
International Trade 52
International Investment 48
Employment 32
Prices 45
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Public Finance 34
Tax Policy 15
Institutional Framework 46
Business Legislation 60
Societal Framework 54
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Productivity & Efficiency 46
Labor Market 19
Finance 39
Management Practices 33
Attitudes and Values 34
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2018
Basic Infrastructure 61
Technological Infrastructure 46
Scientific Infrastructure 60
Health and Environment 55
Education 61
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
PHILIPPINES
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
49
46
2019
37
14
48
54
44
2019
BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
12
54
42
21
2019
56
58
29
INFRASTRUCTURE
2019
61
44
59
10
39
33
GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY
34 38 2650 38
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
36 36 37 44 41
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
26 24 2838
32
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
57 55 54
60 59
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
3
Rank
4
5
6
8
8
10
14
15
19
20
Rank
6
8
14
16
17
18
20
20
21
24
Rank
2
3
6
9
14
17
20
21
23
23
Rank
1
3
4
7
12
15
16
20
26
29
1.1.19 Resilience of the economy 1.2.17 Export concentration by partner 51
2.3.05 Central bank policy 2.4.15 Start-up procedures 62
1.1.09 Gross fixed capital formation (%) 1.4.02 Employment (%) 57
1.5.04 Office rent 1.3.08 Direct investment stocks inward (% of GDP) 51
1.4.08 Long-term unemployment 1.1.21 GDP (PPP) per capita 62
1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 1.5.05 Food costs 58
Infrastructure Infrastructure Rank
4.5.16 Management education 4.5.05 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) 59
3.4.02 Changing market conditions 3.3.01 Banking sector assets 41
2.1.04 Total general government debt (%) 2.1.10 Tax evasion 51
Business Efficiency Business Efficiency Rank
1.3.06 Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 1.2.02 Current account balance 48
Government Efficiency Government Efficiency Rank
BALANCE SHEET - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
PHILIPPINES
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
62
60
4.4.12 Energy intensity 4.4.26 Pollution problems 60
61
4.2.01 Investment in Telecommunications 4.5.07 Secondary school enrollment 60
4.5.19 Language skills 4.4.11 Human development index 60
62
4.2.03 Mobile Telephone costs 4.4.06 Life expectancy at birth 61
4.4.18 Renewable energies (%) 4.2.08 Broadband subscribers 61
3.3.10 Stock market capitalization (%) 3.3.17 Venture capital 43
3.4.04 Credibility of managers 3.4.09 Entrepreneurship 46
3.2.24 Competent senior managers 3.5.02 Image abroad or branding 45
3.5.03 National culture 3.1.09 Small and medium-size enterprises 51
3.2.03 Remuneration in services professions 3.2.21 Brain drain 47
3.5.04 Flexibility and adaptability 3.2.12 Labor force (%) 60
3.2.06 Working hours 3.2.16 Female labor force 55
3.2.01 Compensation levels 3.1.01 Overall productivity (PPP) 61
3.2.18 Skilled labor 3.1.03 Labor productivity (PPP) 60
2.4.18 Immigration laws 2.4.19 Redundancy costs 54
2.2.11 Employer's social security contribution rate 2.2.08 Corporate tax rate on profit 51
2.4.07 Government subsidies 2.3.07 Foreign currency reserves per capita 55
2.2.12 Real personal taxes 2.3.13 Bribery and corruption 55
2.2.09 Consumption tax rate 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 59
2.2.10 Employee's social security contribution rate 2.5.02 Homicide 58
2.2.07 Effective personal income tax rate 2.4.04 Foreign investors 62
2.2.01 Collected total tax revenues 2.4.14 Start-up days 59
1.5.06 Gasoline prices 1.2.18 Export concentration by product 48
1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 57
1.5.02 Cost-of-living index 1.2.09 Exports of goods (%) 48
1.1.14 Real GDP growth 1.1.20 GDP per capita 61
1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita
4.2.17 ICT service exports 4.3.16 Patent applications per capita
4.1.07 Population - growth 4.3.18 Number of patents in force
4.3.19 Medium- and high-tech value added 4.1.04 Access to water
4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 4.2.04 Communications technology
Economic Performance Economic Performance Rank
4
Value Average Rank Year
52.661 74.055 2018
330.8 1,264.8 37 2018
952.6 1,903.1 24 2018
0.39 1.49 38 2018
244.3 697.9 27 2018
73.8 55.2 3 2018
39.7 202.1 42 2018
12.0 16.7 49 2018
89.4 313.1 30 2018
27.0 22.6 8 2018
46.8 343.8 48 2018
14.2 28.2 61 2018
2018
9.3 3.7 2018
30.8 29.5 2018
59.9 66.8 2018
0.38 0.83 42 2017
6.2 2.7 5 2018
4.53 1.92 8 2018
5.56 2.84 8 2018
12.84 2.23 1 2018
14.03 3.83 6 2018
6.88 5.52 14 2019
3,104 30,983 61 2018
8,936 39,972 62 2018
6.7 2.6 2 2019
1.1.07 · Government consumption expenditure (%)
1.1.08 · Gross fixed capital formation ($bn)
US$ billions
1.1.09 · Gross fixed capital formation (%)
Percentage of GDP
1.1.04 · Household consumption expenditure ($bn)
US$ billions
Percentage of GDP
1.1.06 · Government consumption expenditure ($bn)
US$ billions
1.1 · Domestic Economy
1.1.00 · Exchange Rate
National currency per US$ (average)
1.1.02 · GDP (PPP)
Estimates ; US$ billions at purchasing power parity
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
PHILIPPINES
1 · Economic Performance
1.1.01 · Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
US$ billions
1.1.03 · World GDP contribution
Percentage share of world GDP in market prices
1.1.05 · Household consumption expenditure (%)
Percentage of GDP
1.1.21 · GDP (PPP) per capita
Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity
1.1.22 · Forecast: Real GDP growth
US$ per capita
1.1.19 · Resilience of the economy
Resilience of the economy to economic cycles is strong
1.1.20 · GDP per capita
1.1.18 · Gross fixed capital formation - real growth
Percentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.17 · Government consumption expenditure - real growth
Percentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.16 · Household consumption expenditure - real growth
Percentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.15 · Real GDP growth per capita
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
1.1.14 · Real GDP growth
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
Economic sectors / Services
Breakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.13 · Economic complexity index
Measures knowledge intensity, by considering exports
Economic sectors / Industry
Breakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.12 · Economic sectors
Breakdown of the economic sectors, percentage of GDP
Economic sectors / Agriculture
Breakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.11 · Gross domestic savings (%)
Percentage of GDP
1.1.10 · Gross domestic savings ($bn)
US$ billions
5
4.0 158,733.1 55 2019
5.5 6.4 35 2019
-2.0 1.3 46 2019
Value Average Rank Year
-7.9 8.9 48 2018
-2.38 1.87 48 2018
-47.3 -2.3 57 2018
-14.28 -0.10 59 2018
9.77 3.58 16 2017
3.12 2.38 21 2017
0.45 1.48 38 2017
67.49 287.34 43 2018
20.40 39.75 48 2018
633 13,041 62 2018
-1.78 10.84 62 2018
35.59 78.03 32 2017
11.35 15.50 31 2017
14.11 9.51 16 2017
104.30 340.78 38 2017
2017
6.7 10.6 2017
59.2 63.4 2017
34.1 26.0 2017
61.0 53.1 51 2017
65.5 53.6 48 2017
127.7 337.6 29 2017
40.7 52.1 32 2017
12.78 10.35 38 2017
2017
1.1.25 · Forecast: Current account balance
Percentage of GDP/GNP
1.2 · International Trade
1.1.24 · Forecast: Unemployment
Percentage of total labor force
1.1.23 · Forecast: Inflation
Percentage change
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
Percentage of total imports
Percentage change, based on US$ values
Percentage of GDP
1.2.22 · Imports breakdown by economic sector
1.2.21 · Imports of goods & commercial services - growth
US$ billions
Top 5 products, percentage of total exports
1.2.20 · Imports of goods & commercial services (%)
1.2.18 · Export concentration by product
Exports to top 5 countries, percentage of total exports
1.2.19 · Imports of goods & commercial services ($bn)
1.2.17 · Export concentration by partner
Percentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Industry
Percentage of total exports
Percentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Services
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Agriculture
US$ billions
1.2.15 · Exports of goods & commercial services
Percentage of total exports
Percentage change, based on US$ values
1.2.16 · Exports breakdown by economic sector
1.2.13 · Exports of commercial services (%)
Percentage of GDP
US$ billions
1.2.14 · Exports of commercial services - growth
Percentage change, based on US$ values
US$ per capita
1.2.12 · Exports of commercial services ($bn)
Percentage of GDP
1.2.11 · Exports of goods - growth
1.2.10 · Exports of goods per capita
1.2.09 · Exports of goods (%)
Percentage share of world exports (goods and commercial services)
Percentage of GDP
1.2.07 · World exports contribution
1.2.08 · Exports of goods ($bn)
1.2.06 · Balance of commercial services (%)
US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.05 · Balance of commercial services ($bn)
Percentage of GDP
US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
US$ billions
1.2.04 · Balance of trade (%)
Percentage of GDP
US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.03 · Balance of trade ($bn)
1.2.01 · Current account balance ($bn)
1.2.02 · Current account balance
6
9.3 8.2 2017
70.5 67.9 2017
20.2 23.9 2017
36.99 53.12 37 2017
84.0 99.0 50 2018
2.23 3.78 36 2017
Value Average Rank Year
3.95 16.70 32 2018
1.19 1.61 31 2018
47.8 484.2 41 2017
15.25 69.51 40 2017
9.80 18.51 29 2018
2.96 1.72 20 2018
78.8 469.5 47 2017
25.12 85.29 51 2017
-5.85 -1.90 45 2018
-1.77 -0.12 39 2018
-31.0 14.7 35 2017
-9.87 -15.79 32 2017
5.09 5.15 36 2019
4.22 25.74 31 2018
3.37 20.50 28 2018
Value Average Rank Year
41.16 39.31 10 2018
38.61 47.54 57 2018
2.05 1.34 21 2018
-0.22 3.41 51 2018
2018
24.3 8.7 2018
Percentage of total imports
International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP
1.3 · International Investment
1.4 · Employment
Unit value of exports over unit value of imports
1.2.25 · Tourism receipts
1.3.15 · Portfolio investment liabilities
US$ billions
(Exports + Imports) / (2 * GDP)
1.2.24 · Terms of trade index
1.3.14 · Portfolio investment assets
US$ billions
1.2.23 · Trade to GDP ratio
1.3.13 · Relocation threats of business
Relocation of business is not a threat to the future of your economy
Percentage of total imports
1.4.05 · Employment by sector
Percentage of total employment
Percentage of total imports
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Services
1.3.12 · Net position in direct investment stocks (%)
Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
Percentage of GDP
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Industry
1.3.11 · Net position in direct investment stocks ($bn)
US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
1.3.02 · Direct investment flows abroad (% of GDP)
Percentage of GDP
1.3.08 · Direct investment stocks inward (% of GDP)
1.3.10 · Balance of direct investment flows (%)
Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)
Percentage of total employment
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Agriculture
1.3.09 · Balance of direct investment flows ($bn)
US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)
1.3.06 · Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP)
Percentage of GDP
Estimates: % of population, percentage change in 4 years
1.3.07 · Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)
US$ billions
1.4.04 · Employment - long-term growth
Employment by sector / Agriculture
1.3.05 · Direct investment flows inward ($bn)
US$ billions
1.3.03 · Direct investment stocks abroad ($bn)
US$ billions
1.3.04 · Direct investment stocks abroad (% of GDP)
Percentage of GDP
1.4.03 · Employment - growth
Total employment in millions
1.4.01 · Employment
1.3.01 · Direct investment flows abroad ($bn)
US$ billions
1.4.02 · Employment (%)
Percentage of population
Estimates: percentage change
7
19.1 23.9 2018
56.6 67.4 2018
8.70 17.65 8 2017
5.30 6.57 32 2018
0.08 2.33 4 2018
14.15 15.42 37 2018
21.7 12.3 54 2017
Value Average Rank Year
5.21 14,761.73 57 2018
69.70 81.10 15 2018
730 1,525 9 2018
278 603 10 2017
41.74 18.38 58 2017
1.03 1.29 19 2018
Share of youth population (15-24) not in education, employment or training
Premium unleaded gasoline (95 Ron) US$ per litre
1.5 · Prices
1.5.06 · Gasoline prices
Percentage of youth labor force (under the age of 25)
1.5.05 · Food costs
Percentage of household final consumption expenditures
Percentage of labor force
1.5.04 · Office rent
Percentage of labor force
1.4.10 · Youth exclusion
Total occupation cost in the main city (US$/Sq.M. per year)
1.5.03 · Apartment rent
Percentage of total employment
1.4.09 · Youth unemployment
3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$
1.5.02 · Cost-of-living index
Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
Percentage of total employment
1.4.06 · Employment in the public sector
1.4.08 · Long-term unemployment
1.5.01 · Consumer price inflation
Percentage of total employment
1.4.07 · Unemployment rate
Average annual rate
Employment by sector / Industry
Employment by sector / Services
8
Value Average Rank Year
-3.27 -35.78 35 2018
-0.99 -1.56 32 2018
131.02 1,075.60 25 2018
39.60 59.51 24 2018
3.94 4.23 41 2018
27.42 38.21 25 2018
14.44 19.01 34 2018
12.25 5.89 53 2018
4.58 4.70 30 2019
3.23 4.73 51 2019
3.81 4.22 34 2019
19.6 35.1 6 2018
Value Average Rank Year
15.87 27.08 14 2017
2.47 5.89 15 2017
3.72 3.04 46 2017
4.12 9.78 7 2017
0.59 1.39 21 2017
1.63 7.12 14 2017
5.35 16.65 8 2018
30.00 23.10 51 2018
12.00 16.28 16 2018
5.35 9.27 17 2018
10.84 16.56 21 2018
5.98 5.17 20 2019
2.1 · Public Finance
2.2 · Tax Policy
2.1.01 · Government budget surplus/deficit ($bn)
US$ billions
2.1.03 · Total general government debt ($bn)
US$ billions
2.1.05 · Total general government debt-real growth
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
2.1.06 · Central government domestic debt
Percentage of GDP
2.1.07 · Central government foreign debt
Percentage of GDP
2.2.08 · Corporate tax rate on profit
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
2 · Government Efficiency
Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax
2.2.09 · Consumption tax rate
Standard rate of VAT/GST
2.2.10 · Employee's social security contribution rate
Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.2.11 · Employer's social security contribution rate
Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
Percentage of GDP
2.2.12 · Real personal taxes
Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement
2.1.04 · Total general government debt (%)
Percentage of GDP
2.1.12 · General government expenditure
Percentage of GDP
2.1.02 · Government budget surplus/deficit (%)
PHILIPPINES
Pension funding is adequately addressed for the future
Public finances are being efficiently managed
2.1.08 · Interest payment (%)
Percentage of current revenue
2.1.09 · Public finances
2.1.10 · Tax evasion
Tax evasion is not a threat to your economy
2.1.11 · Pension funding
2.2.06 · Collected social security contribution
Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP
2.2.07 · Effective personal income tax rate
Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.2.02 · Collected personal income tax
On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
2.2.04 · Collected indirect tax revenues
Taxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP
2.2.05 · Collected capital and property taxes
Percentage of GDP
2.2.03 · Collected corporate taxes
On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
Percentage of GDP
2.2.01 · Collected total tax revenues
9
Value Average Rank Year
-1.36 -1.53 23 2018
5.05 5.49 44 2019
3.00 3.89 34 2018
36.0 42.5 42 2018
7.51 6.30 6 2019
79.19 185.59 27 2018
743 6,963 55 2018
0.129 0.076 59 2018
4.55 5.09 37 2019
4.35 4.42 29 2019
3.58 4.68 45 2019
2.51 3.59 44 2019
1.29 4.66 55 2019
0.47 0.65 47 2018
Value Average Rank Year
6.31 5.96 47 2017
5.04 5.83 45 2019
5.36 6.06 46 2019
3.81 6.93 62 2019
5.51 6.52 47 2019
5.35 5.92 45 2019
0.78 1.18 18 2018
5.06 5.45 46 2019
5.88 6.04 38 2019
5.09 5.77 45 2019
4.53 4.94 36 2019
0.3 5.9 55 2016
5.79 6.46 46 2019
31.0 14.9 59 2018
2.3 · Institutional Framework
2.4 · Business Legislation
2.3.13 · Bribery and corruption
Bribery and corruption do not exist
2.3.14 · Rule of law
Rule of Law Index
2.3.11 · Transparency
Transparency of government policy is satisfactory
2.3.12 · Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity
2.3.10 · Adaptability of government policy
2.4.12 · New business density
2.3.08 · Exchange rate stability
Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2018 / 2016
2.3.09 · Legal and regulatory framework
The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises
2.3.07 · Foreign currency reserves per capita
US$ per capita
2.3.02 · Cost of capital
2.3.03 · Interest rate spread
Lending rate minus deposit rate
2.3.04 · Country credit rating
Adaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high
2.4.14 · Start-up days
Index (0-60) of three country credit ratings: Fitch, Moody's and S&P
2.3.05 · Central bank policy
Central bank policy has a positive impact on the economy
Registered new businesses per 1'000 people aged 15-64
US$ billions
2.4.06 · Investment incentives
Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors
2.4.07 · Government subsidies
To private and public companies as a percentage of GDP
2.4.13 · Creation of firms
Creation of firms is supported by legislation
2.3.06 · Foreign currency reserves
2.4.11 · Parallel economy
Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development
2.3.01 · Real short-term interest rate
Real discount / bank rate
Cost of capital encourages business development
2.4.09 · State ownership of enterprises
2.4.10 · Competition legislation
Competition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition
2.4.05 · Capital markets
Capital markets (foreign and domestic) are easily accessible
State ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities
2.4.08 · Subsidies
Subsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development
2.4.01 · Tariff barriers
Tariffs on imports: Most favored nation simple average rate
Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies
2.4.02 · Protectionism
Protectionism of your government does not impair the conduct of your business
2.4.04 · Foreign investors
2.4.03 · Public sector contracts
Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders
10
13.0 6.0 62 2018
4.70 5.24 44 2019
4.00 5.01 49 2019
6.14 5.83 20 2019
23.1 9.4 54 2018
Value Average Rank Year
3.95 5.68 48 2019
11.0 4.6 58 2016
4.9 14.3 6 2018
4.33 5.79 44 2019
5.20 5.46 35 2019
40.10 35.20 44 2017
3.20 2.73 2015
29.50 26.89 2015
- 0.28
5.88 6.06 40 2019
29.10 25.22 22 2017
1.03 1.38 27 2018
0.427 0.189 59 2017
70.7 71.1 39 2018
Female / male ratio
2.5 · Societal Framework
2.5.14 · Disposable Income
2.5.13 · Gender inequality
Gender Inequality Index (UNDP)
Difference between the female and male unemployement rates
2.5.12 · Unemployment rate - gender ratio
2.5.08 · Income distribution - highest 10%
Percentage of household incomes going to highest 10% of households
2.5.11 · Females in parliament
Percentage of total seats in Parliament
2.5.10 · Equal opportunity
Equal opportunity legislation in your economy encourages economic development
2.5.09 · Income share held by lowest 60% - growth
Percentage change of household incomes going to lowest 60% of households
2.5.06 · Gini coefficient
Equal distribution of income scale: 0 (absolute equality) to 100 (absolute inequality)
2.4.18 · Immigration laws
Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
2.4.19 · Redundancy costs
Number of weeks of salary
Number of days to start a business
2.5.07 · Income distribution - lowest 10%
Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 10% of households
2.5.04 · Risk of political instability
The risk of political instability is very low
2.5.05 · Social cohesion
Social cohesion is high
2.4.15 · Start-up procedures
Number of procedures to start a business
2.4.16 · Labor regulations
Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices, minimum wages, etc.) do not hinder business activities
2.4.17 · Unemployment legislation
Unemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work
2.5.03 · Ageing of population
Population over 65, percentage of total population
2.5.02 · Homicide
Intentional homicide, rate per 100'000 population
2.5.01 · Justice
Justice is fairly administered
11
Value Average Rank Year
21,300 79,104 61 2018
3.69 1.36 9 2018
9.91 44.82 60 2018
8,829 49,157 55 2018
37,398 100,569 59 2018
24,487 78,649 60 2018
6.56 6.14 23 2019
6.93 6.69 26 2019
4.86 6.03 51 2019
5.79 6.07 36 2019
Value Average Rank Year
1.23 13.64 2 2018
1.06 2.23 13 2017
12,791 28,097 17 2018
5,749 18,893 2018
2,552 18,792 2018
5,571 30,286 2018
50,045 48,626 2018
8,456 29,496 2018
4,370 22,488 2018
152,973 168,492 29 2018
218,560 304,252 2018
186,284 148,688 2018
64,457 79,567 2018
142,591 141,460 2018
50.01 17.63 60 2018
3.1 · Productivity & Efficiency
3.2 · Labor Market
3.1.01 · Overall productivity (PPP)
Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
3.1.03 · Labor productivity (PPP)
Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
3.1.05 · Productivity in industry (PPP)
Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
3.1.07 · Workforce productivity
Workforce productivity is competitive by international standards
PHILIPPINES
3 · Business Efficiency
Estimates: Percentage change of GDP (PPP) per person employed
3.1.04 · Agricultural productivity (PPP)
Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
3.1.06 · Productivity in services (PPP)
Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
3.1.10 · Use of digital tools and technologies
Companies are very good at using digital tools and technologies to improve performance
3.1.02 · Overall productivity (PPP) - real growth
3.1.08 · Large corporations
Large corporations are efficient by international standards
3.1.09 · Small and medium-size enterprises
Small and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
3.2.05 · Remuneration spread
Remuneration of management / Engineer
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / Human resources director
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / Director manufacturing
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Sales Assistant
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Secretary / Personal
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
3.2.04 · Remuneration of management
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / CEO
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Product Manager
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Nurse
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Primary school teacher
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
3.2.01 · Compensation levels
3.2.03 · Remuneration in services professions
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Call center agent
Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Total hourly compensation in manufacturing (wages + supplementary benefits), US$
3.2.02 · Unit labor costs for total economy
Percentage change
12
2,149 1,838 9 2018
5.93 5.85 29 2019
0.47 11.29 17 2017
4.63 5.03 39 2019
6.21 5.94 27 2019
43.46 41.32 9 2018
40.77 50.35 60 2018
1.60 0.98 19 2018
-1.59 1.59 58 2018
33.80 14.17 2 2017
37.91 43.01 55 2018
0.11 14.71 46 2017
7.01 5.41 3 2019
6.33 6.27 33 2019
7.05 6.75 30 2019
3.72 4.88 47 2019
5.21 5.36 32 2019
5.49 5.61 31 2019
6.12 5.46 21 2019
Value Average Rank Year
94.68 145.18 41 2018
1.42 3.39 48 2018
1,476 10,482 58 2018
34.50 82.69 61 2017
1.29 0.96 1 2017
6.51 6.09 29 2019
6.63 6.78 38 2019
5.65 5.54 32 2019
249.7 1,066.4 32 2018
3.3 · Finance
3.2.24 · Competent senior managers
Competent senior managers are readily available
3.2.22 · Foreign highly-skilled personnel
Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment
3.2.23 · International experience
International experience of senior managers is generally significant
Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
3.2.20 · Attracting and retaining talents
3.2.21 · Brain drain
Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
Percentage of total labor force
3.2.18 · Skilled labor
Skilled labor is readily available
3.2.19 · Finance skills
Finance skills are readily available
3.2.16 · Female labor force
Percentage of total labor force
3.2.17 · Foreign labor force
3.2.15 · Part-time employment
Percentage of total employment
3.2.13 · Labor force growth
Percentage change
3.2.14 · Labor force long-term growth
Estimates: % of population, percentage change in 4 years
3.3.08 · Stock markets
Stock markets provide adequate financing to companies
3.3.09 · Stock market capitalization ($bn)
US$ billions
3.3.03 · Financial card transactions
Percentage of population
3.2.12 · Labor force (%)
3.2.11 · Labor force
Employed and registered unemployed (millions)
3.3.06 · Banking and financial services
Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
3.3.02 · Financial cards in circulation
US$ per capita
3.2.09 · Apprenticeships
Average number of working hours per year
3.2.07 · Worker motivation
Worker motivation in companies is high
3.2.08 · Industrial disputes
Working days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (average 2015-2017)
3.2.06 · Working hours
3.3.01 · Banking sector assets
Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented
3.2.10 · Employee training
Employee training is a high priority in companies
3.3.05 · Access to financial services - gender ratio
Difference between the female and male access to a bank account or mobile-money-service provider
3.3.07 · Regulatory compliance (banking laws)
Regulatory compliance is sufficiently developed
Ratio of CEO to personal assistant remuneration
Percentage of GDP
Number of cards per capita
3.3.04 · Access to financial services
Proportion of adults with a bank account or mobile-money-service provider
13
75.48 79.72 23 2018
274 17,733 42 2018
264 707 25 2017
-1.31 6.10 50 2018
6.40 6.73 39 2019
539.7 2,955.1 35 2018
5.66 5.88 40 2019
4.42 5.13 43 2019
0.262 1.163 46 2017
5.95 5.85 31 2019
Value Average Rank Year
5.86 5.95 34 2019
6.84 6.58 23 2019
6.14 6.02 28 2019
6.42 6.03 20 2019
6.33 6.03 26 2019
6.88 7.16 38 2019
4.78 5.07 39 2019
6.92 6.88 33 2019
5.49 5.94 46 2019
5.84 5.84 31 2019
51.50 31.70 1 2017
10.70 18.25 39 2018
Value Average Rank Year
6.68 6.37 25 2019
5.08 6.22 45 2019
7.47 6.68 14 2019
7.63 6.55 6 2019
6.05 5.79 31 2019
3.4 · Management Practices
3.5 · Attitudes and Values
3.4.09 · Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business
3.4.10 · Social responsibility
Social responsibility of business leaders is high
3.3.19 · Corporate debt
Corporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete
Credit is easily available for business
3.3.17 · Venture capital
3.3.18 · M&A Activity
Deals per listed company (average 2015-2017)
3.3.13 · Stock market index
3.4.08 · Customer satisfaction
Customer satisfaction is emphasized in companies
3.4.11 · Women in management
Female share of senior and middle management (% of management)
3.4.12 · Women on boards
Boardmembers of all companies analyzed by MSCI
Venture capital is easily available for business
3.3.16 · Credit
Number of listed domestic companies
3.3.11 · Value traded on stock markets
US$ per capita
3.3.10 · Stock market capitalization (%)
Percentage of GDP
3.4.04 · Credibility of managers
Credibility of managers in society is strong
3.4.05 · Corporate boards
Corporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively
3.4.03 · Opportunities and threats
Companies are very good at responding quickly to opportunities and threats
3.4.06 · Auditing and accounting practices
Auditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business
3.4.07 · Use of big data and analytics
Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making
3.4.02 · Changing market conditions
Companies are generally extremely aware of changing market conditions
3.4.01 · Agility of companies
Companies are agile
3.3.12 · Listed domestic companies
3.5.05 · Need for economic and social reforms
The need for economic and social reforms is generally well understood
3.5.04 · Flexibility and adaptability
Flexibility and adaptability of people are high when faced with new challenges
The national culture is open to foreign ideas
3.5.02 · Image abroad or branding
The image abroad of your country encourages business development
3.5.03 · National culture
3.5.01 · Attitudes toward globalization
Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society
Percentage change on index in national currency
Shareholders' rights are sufficiently implemented
3.3.14 · Shareholders' rights
3.3.15 · Initial Public Offerings
By acquiror nation (average 2016-2018) US$ millions
14
5.48 5.66 36 2019
6.07 6.16 37 20193.5.07 · Value system
The value system in your society supports competitiveness
3.5.06 · Digital transformation in companies
Digital transformation in companies is generally well understood
15
Value Average Rank Year
300 1,478 32 2018
1,060 3,111 46 2016
4,757 19,246 28 2014
5.28 8.00 60 2019
5.23 6.60 53 2019
106.60 83.80 9 2018
1.60 0.79 12 2018
31.5 18.9 2018
4.9 14.3 2018
57.2 50.2 57 2018
0.72 1.22 33 2016
0.000 0.047 60 2017
44,087 62,185 23 2017
5.56 7.12 55 2019
4.38 7.07 59 2019
5.02 7.09 57 2019
28.46 178.96 33 2016
51.9 106.0 40 2016
31.64 125.73 32 2016
0.31 2.43 1 2016
0.144 0.103 47 2018
Value Average Rank Year
0.59 0.47 15 2018
53.6 75.4 51 2017
2.7 16.6 4 2017
4.67 7.71 62 2019
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
PHILIPPINES
4 · Infrastructure
4.1.02 · Arable area
Square meters per capita
4.1.04 · Access to water
Access to water is adequately ensured and managed
4.1.06 · Population - market size
Estimates in millions
4.1 · Basic Infrastructure
4.2 · Technological Infrastructure
4.1.01 · Land area
Square kilometers ('000)
4.1.03 · Water resources
4.1.21 · Electricity costs for industrial clients
US$ per kwh
Total internal renewable per capita in cubic meters
4.1.05 · Management of cities
Management of cities supports business development
4.1.07 · Population - growth
Percentage change
4.1.20 · Total final energy consumption per capita
MTOE per capita
4.1.19 · Total final energy consumption
Millions MTOE
4.1.17 · Total indigenous energy production
Millions MTOE
4.1.18 · Total indigenous energy production (%)
Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent
4.1.16 · Energy infrastructure
Energy infrastructure is adequate and efficient
4.1.13 · Air transportation
Number of passengers carried by main companies, thousands
4.1.14 · Quality of air transportation
Quality of air transportation encourages business development
4.1.15 · Distribution infrastructure
The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient
4.1.11 · Roads
Density of the network, km roads/square km land area
4.1.12 · Railroads
Density of the network, km per square km
Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)
4.1.09 · Population over 65 years
Percentage of total population
4.1.10 · Dependency ratio
4.1.08 · Population under 15 years
Percentage of total population
4.2.02 · Mobile Broadband subscribers
3G & 4G market, % of mobile market
4.2.03 · Mobile Telephone costs
Monthly Blended Average Revenue per User
4.2.04 · Communications technology
Percentage of GDP
4.2.01 · Investment in Telecommunications
16
0.81 1.35 20 2017
207 713 59 2017
436 736 58 2017
61 369 61 2017
5.2 18.5 49 2018
6.16 6.91 48 2019
6.60 6.49 33 2019
5.86 5.96 35 2019
5.91 6.41 46 2019
4.47 5.88 53 2019
32,114 31,268 15 2017
57.68 13.58 1 2017
63.6 27.3 3 2017
4.84 5.80 49 2019
Value Average Rank Year
515 25,527 51 2017
0.16 1.46 59 2017
4.9 557.5 62 2017
157 18,988 54 2017
0.05 0.97 59 2017
27.8 204.5 41 2017
0.26 4.57 57 2017
9.7 150.9 46 2017
0.09 2.78 58 2017
0.2 3.2 56 2015
33.41 34.67 34 2014
1,569 34,843 53 2016
0 9 29 2018
0.00 0.19 29 2018
4.3 · Scientific Infrastructure
4.2.18 · Cyber security
Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
4.2.17 · ICT service exports
Percentage of service exports
4.2.16 · High-tech exports (%)
Percentage of manufactured exports
Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per million people
4.2.14 · Funding for technological development
Funding for technological development is readily available
4.2.15 · High-tech exports ($)
US$ millions
4.2.13 · Development and application of technology
Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
4.3.11 · Science degrees
Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering
4.3.12 · Scientific articles
4.3.14 · Nobel prizes per capita
4.2.07 · Internet users
Number of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development
Digital/Technological skills are readily available
4.2.10 · Digital/Technological skills
4.2.11 · Qualified engineers
Qualified engineers are available in your labor market
4.2.12 · Public-private partnerships
4.2.09 · Internet bandwidth speed
Average speed
4.3.13 · Nobel prizes
Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950
Scientific articles published by origin of author
4.2.08 · Broadband subscribers
Number of subscriptions per 1000 inhabitants
4.2.06 · Computers per capita
Number of computers per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.3.10 · Researchers in R&D per capita
Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
4.2.05 · Computers in use
Worldwide share/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
Full-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
4.3.09 · Total R&D personnel in business per capita
Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
4.3.05 · Business expenditure on R&D (%)
Percentage of GDP
4.3.06 · Total R&D personnel
Full-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
4.3.07 · Total R&D personnel per capita
4.3.08 · Total R&D personnel in business enterprise
Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
4.3.01 · Total expenditure on R&D ($)
US$ millions
4.3.03 · Total expenditure on R&D per capita ($)
US$ per capita
4.3.04 · Business expenditure on R&D ($)
US$ millions
4.3.02 · Total expenditure on R&D (%)
Percentage of GDP
17
508 51,847 49 2017
0.48 82.67 62 2017
142 22,349 55 2017
0.6 341.1 61 2017
45.95 37.98 20 2015
4.82 5.85 46 2019
4.81 6.53 56 2019
4.65 5.34 41 2019
Value Average Rank Year
4.4 7.4 53 2016
130 2,339 61 2016
31.54 66.07 61 2016
4.02 5.72 45 2019
58 74 59 2015
69.2 78.2 61 2017
61.9 69.5 59 2018
28.1 8.2 60 2017
53 2016
116.91 209.15 2016
763.55 485.47 2016
52 76 2018
0.699 0.851 60 2017
104 127 26 2016
5.0 76.7 48 2017
276.73 41.11 46 2016
114.8 448.2 34 2016
376.5 440.1 40 2016
18.19 20.11 42 2016
34.1 15.9 7 2016
17.5 1.4 1 2015
4.4 · Health and Environment
4.3.22 · Knowledge transfer
Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
4.3.21 · Intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
4.3.20 · Scientific research legislation
Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation
4.3.15 · Patent applications
Number of applications filed by applicant's origin
4.3.16 · Patent applications per capita
Number of applications filed by applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.19 · Medium- and high-tech value added
Proportion of total manufacturing value added, expressed as a percentage
4.3.18 · Number of patents in force
by applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.17 · Patent grants
Number of patents granted by applicant's origin (average 2014-2016)
4.4.09 · Medical assistance
Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
Medical assistance / Per nurse
4.4.07 · Healthy life expectancy
4.4.04 · Health infrastructure
Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
4.4.05 · Universal health care covereage index
4.4.06 · Life expectancy at birth
Average estimate
Average estimate
4.4.17 · Exposure to particle pollution
Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre
4.4.18 · Renewable energies (%)
Share of renewables in total energy requirements, %
4.4.19 · Forest area growth
4.4.16 · CO2 emissions intensity
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP
4.4.14 · Water consumption intensity
Water withdrawal for each 1000 US$ of GDP in cubic meters
4.4.15 · CO2 emissions
Metric tons of carbon dioxide from fuel combustion
Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
4.4.13 · Waste water treatment plants
Percentage of population served
4.4.01 · Total health expenditure
Percentage of GDP
4.4.02 · Total health expenditure per capita
US$ per capita
Medical assistance / Per physician
4.4.12 · Energy intensity
Total energy consumed for each 1000 US$ of GDP in MTOE
Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
4.4.08 · Infant mortality
Under five mortality rate per 1000 live births
Index (0-80) measuring coverage of essential health services
4.4.03 · Public expenditure on health (%)
Percentage of total health expenditure
4.4.10 · Urban population
Percentage of total population
4.4.11 · Human development index
Combines economic - social - educational indicators/ Source: Human Development Report
18
0.57 3.96 54 2015
1.2 5.4 1 2015
-0.58 -1.44 21 2015
0.03 1.59 47 2015
78.19 83.39 45 2015
5.58 6.08 38 2019
3.29 5.77 60 2019
5.02 6.22 58 2019
4.99 6.70 49 2019
Value Average Rank Year
3.5 4.6 49 2017
106 1,418 61 2017
10.1 21.1 56 2016
268 6,115 62 2014
29.30 16.25 59 2016
24.70 13.79 58 2016
65.9 89.5 60 2015
20.8 41.6 54 2015
20.0 37.9 49 2015
0.14 3.14 56 2016
0.16 2.42 62 2017
- 476
- 475
- 478
89 89 35 2017
5.42 6.00 43 2019
6.16 6.29 35 2019
6.58 6.31 29 2019
1.75 31.72 58 2018
4.5.16 · Management education
Management education meets the needs of the business community
4.5 · Education
4.5.17 · University education index
Country score calculated from Times Higher Education univesity ranking
4.5.15 · University education
University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.14 · Primary and secondary education
Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.13 · English proficiency - TOEFL
TOEFL scores
Educational assessment - PISA / Sciences
PISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.10 · Student mobility inbound
Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Educational assessment - PISA / Mathematics
PISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.11 · Student mobility outbound
National tertiary-level students studying abroad per 1000 inhabitants
4.5.12 · Educational assessment - PISA
PISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.07 · Secondary school enrollment
Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education
4.5.09 · Women with degrees
Share of women who have a degree in the population 25-65
Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34
4.4.27 · Environmental laws
Environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses
4.4.28 · Quality of life
Quality of life is high
4.5.08 · Higher education achievement
4.5.06 · Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)
Ratio of students to teaching staff
Ratio of students to teaching staff
4.5.05 · Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education)
4.4.25 · Sustainable development
Sustainable development is a priority in companies
4.4.26 · Pollution problems
Pollution problems do not seriously affect your economy
4.5.04 · Total public expenditure on education per student
Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels
4.4.24 · Environmental agreements
Multilateral agreements on hazardous waste, proportion fulfilled
4.5.03 · Gov. expenditure on education per student
Percentage of GDP per capita (secondary education)
Development of environment-related technologies, % inventions worldwide
4.5.02 · Total public expenditure on education per capita
US$ per capita
4.5.01 · Total public expenditure on education
Percentage of GDP
4.4.21 · Ecological footprint
Global hectares per person
4.4.22 · Ecological balance (reserve/deficit)
Total biocapacity minus total footprint in global hectares per capita
4.4.23 · Environment-related technologies
4.4.20 · Total biocapacity
Global hectares per capita of biologically productive space
Five year percentage change of hectares
19
3.7 2.7 48 2015
7.79 6.31 16 2019
4.5.18 · Illiteracy
Adult (over 15 years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population
4.5.19 · Language skills
Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
20
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