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Countdown to the Cold War
Augugliaro/ Kempton/ Patten
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Yalta Conference • February of 1945, just before WWII was over, the
leaders of the allied powers met in the Soviet Union at Yalta.
• The Big 3: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin.
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Yalta Conference • They begin to plan for the end of the war, creating a
design to divide Germany into 4 zones temporarily after the war.
• America, Britain, France and Soviet Union would each occupy a zone.
• Poland would be granted land from Germany but would lose land to the U.S.S.R.
• Agreed that Stalin would oversee the creation of new governments in Eastern Europe at the end of the war.
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Roosevelt to Truman• In April of 1945 President Roosevelt dies after 4
terms in office.
• He is replaced by Harry S. Truman.
• Truman made it clear that he would be "tough" on the Soviet Union and that he strongly opposed communism.
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Potsdam • When: In the final days of WWII through late July to
August 2, 1945.
• Who: The "new" Big 3: Truman, Attlee (UK), and Stalin.
• Where: Potsdam, Germany
• Why: The goal of the conference was to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany and decide the future of war torn Europe
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Agree to Disagree• Germany was divided into 4 zones as was
Berlin.
• The United Nations is set up with 50 Nations.
• Tension between Stalin and Truman grows as Truman hides the information about the atomic bomb.
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Germany after Potsdam in 1945
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Berlin after Potsdam 1945
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Stalin Steps Up• With WWII, Yalta, and Potsdam setting up the U.S.
and U.S.S.R as the two world superpowers, Stalin begins creating a buffer zone in Europe. He wants to spread communism throughout the area.
• He creates, what Churchill calls the "Iron Curtain".
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
– Winston Churchill
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Iron Curtain• 1 year after the Potsdam Agreement, Stalin supported
the creation of pro-communist governments in Eastern Europe.
• He creates a buffer zone of communist friendly nations to avoid future invasion from the West.
• Soon Europe was divided by an imaginary line called the Iron Curtain
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East v. West• Eastern Europe was now made up of
Soviet dominated communist Satellite Nations.
• Western Europe, including three zones of Germany, was made up of democratic nations.
• Satellite Nation: a smaller country that is economically and politically dependent on a more powerful nation.