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COSMETOLOGY:
THE HISTORY AND
OPPORTUNITIES
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What is a Cosmetologist?
In your group, list all of the qualities and skills that you believe are required of a cosmetologist.
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Advise giver
Professional expert in practical skills areas
Artistic
Designer
Creator
Trustworthy
DID YOUR GROUP GUESS…
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Businessperson
Self-promoter
Poised and well groomed
Effective communicator
Being current with trends and technologies
Good listener
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In your group, list on flip chart paper all of the occupations you believe are included in the Cosmetology profession.
For some, you will need to think “outside of the box”
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Add:
I am responsible for my own education
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Cosmetology includes:
* hairstyling
* nail technology
* esthetics
Curly-hairstyles.blogspot.com
Caofb.com/esthetics
Coolnaolsart.com/bubbles
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Cosmetology:
Greek word: kosmetikos
Means: skilled in the use of cosmetics
Barber:
Latin word: barba
Means: the beard or the hair of the beard.
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Review
3. Explain the origin of the word cosmetology . (Include detail)
1. What services can a cosmetologist perform?
2. List four qualities a cosmetologist should have.
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Archeological studies:
Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the glacial age
Implements Used:
1. Sharpened flints
2. Oyster shells
3. Bone
4. Animal sinew
5. Strips of hide
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Color matter made from:
Berries Bark of trees
Minerals Insects
Nuts Herbs
Leaves And other materials
Danielmeissler.com
Takegreatpictures.com
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Ancient Egyptians:
•The first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion
***Barbers serviced the nobility and the priesthood over 6,000 years ago
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Charismaallover.wordpress.com
Sheniquemag.blogspot.com
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• first to use:
* cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits
* in religious ceremonies
* preparing the deceased for burial
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3000 B.C.
* minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup
* henna to stain the hair and nails
* first to use
essential oils
Mnsu.edu
Womensnet.com/about hair history
Americanaromatherapy.com
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• created kohl makeup
*mixture of ground galena (a black mineral)
* sulfur
* animal fat
Makeupweb.guide.com
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* used to heavily line the eyes
* alleviate eye inflammations
* protect the eyes from the glare of the sun
•In ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders stained their nails and lips in matching colors
before important battles
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Chinese
•1600 B.C. aristocrats
* rubbed tinted mixtures onto their nails
* turned crimson or ebony
•1100 B.C.
* gold and silver were royal colors
* commoners caught wearing a royal nail color faced a punishment of death
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***Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved their hair by applying a mixture of soil and water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun
***In Africa, hair was groomed with intricately carved combs and adorned with beads, clay and colored bands
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FYI:
**Prior to 3000 B.C. nail care is recorded in Egypt and China
• color of a persons nails was a sign of rank:
*high social rank: red-orange henna
*kings and queens: deep red
*people of lower rank: pale colors
• in China, nails were painted red or black
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The Greeks (500 B.C.)
• hairstyling-highly developed art
• used perfumes and cosmetics in religious rites, in grooming, and for medicinal purposes
• developed excellent method
of dressing the hair and
caring for the skin and nails
Karenswhimsy.com
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mangatutorials.com
Stcatherinesprimary.co.uk
Karenswhimsy.com
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• used white lead on faces, kohl on eyes and vermillion on cheeks and lips
• vermillion
•bright red pigment by grinding
cinnabar
~ a mineral that is the chief source of mercury
•The fine powder was mixed with ointment or dusted on the skin in the same way as cosmetics are applied today
Margretshort.typepad.com
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Romans (296 B.C.)
• hairstyling services introduced; women used hair color to indicate class in society as follows:
- noblewomen: red hair
- middle-class women: blonde
- poor women: black
• facials of milk, bread and fine wine were popular
• mixture of chalk and lead used for facial cosmetic
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Julius Caesar 101-44 BC
• had his face tweezed everyday
• this started a trend among the men of that time
www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/descent/p...
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Explore-italian-culture.com
Roman-colosseum.info
Crystallyn.vox.vom
Digonsite.com
Eternallycool.net
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Middle ages
• included towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles, and cosmetics
• around 1000 A.D. an alchemist refined the process of steam distillation which is still used to create essentials oils today
***Vocabulary word:
Alchemy-pre-scientific chemistry, usually with fluids, juices and the elixir of longevity.
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Usiweb.usi.edu
Edarlein.deviantart.com
Herstoria.com
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Renaissance
• transition from medieval to modern history
• shaved eyebrows and hairline-thought to give the women a look of greater
intelligence
• highly colored cosmetics were
discouraged.
Wholesale.garison.com
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Press.princeton.edu
Abeautyglorious.blogspot.com
2.ivcc.rdu
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Barbering and Medicine
The Barber Pole-symbol of the barber-surgeon, has its roots from the bloodletting procedure that was once thought to strengthen the immune system
1. Pole = the staff; patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.
2. Bottom = basin; basin was the vessel that caught the blood.
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Hillsdalebarnantiques.com
Azbarberboard.us
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3. White bandages stop blood; the bandages used to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to dry.
The stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern.
Another interpretation is that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and
white the bandages.
Barbers still use the symbol today.
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Victorian Age
FYI: many changes in hair care
Add: Marcel Grateau invented the marcel iron
•1875; Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developed hot irons for waving and curling the hair. Known today as marcel waving
Purespadirect.com
Jiunlimites.com
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•1892; Frenchman, Alexander F. Godefroy, invented a
hot-blast hair dryer
•1890; First hairdressing academy opening in Chicago by Frenchman, Bribois and Federmeyer.
Probeautykit.com
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• to preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used beauty masks made from natural ingredients
• pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to colorize rather than use
cosmetics
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The Twentieth Century
• shift in American attitudes caused by the movie industry
• viewers wanted the flawless complexions, beautiful hairstyles, manicured nails, changing the standards of feminine
beauty
• beauty began to follow trends
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Newhotstuff.net
Jean Harlow 1930’s
Vivien Leigh 1940’s
Elizabeth Taylor 1950’s
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1901-1910
•Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that would not cake or crack, even under the hot studio lights
Rubylane.com
Onlineauction.com
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History of Permanent Waving
•1905, Charles Nessler invented heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped
• units were heated
• kept away from the scalp by counterbalancing weights suspended from an overhead
chandelier mounted to a stand
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Internet source:
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Two methods were used to wind hair strands around the metal units:
1. Spiral wrap: long hair was wound from scalp to ends
2. Croquignole wrap: for short hair, wound from ends to scalp.
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Success story of the cosmetology industry
Madam C.J. Walker
• daughter of a former slave
• born Sarah Breedlove in 1867
• during the 1890’s she suffered from a scalp condition and began to lose her hair.
• she experimented with store-bought products and home-made remedies
Inventors.about.com
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• invented hair grower scalp conditioner
• devised sophisticated sales and marketing strategies and traveled extensively giving product demonstrations
• built a factory, hair salon and training school
•by developing more products her empire grew www.scott.k12.va.us/rita/51757_2.JPG
1929
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• gave time and money to organizations like NAACP and the YMCA
• organized the first national meetings for businesswomen
• pioneer of the modern black hair care and cosmetic industry
Scribalterror.blogs.com
Urbanstages.org
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1920’s
• cosmetic industry grew rapidly
• ad’s expenditures in radio alone went from $390,000.00 to $3.2 million by the end of the decade
Digitalhistory.uh.edu
Vintagepowderroom.com
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•1931, preheat method was introduced-hair was wrapped in the croquinole method
• clamps heated by a separate electrical machine were place over the wound curls
Dehaarsite.nl
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•1932, a method that used external heat generated by chemical reaction was introduced
• small flexible pads containing a chemical mixture were wound around hair
strands
• pads moistened with water released a chemical heat creating long-lasting curls
• machineless permanent wave was born
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1932
•Revlon marketed the first nail polish (not stain) using formulas
borrowed from the car paint industry
• dramatic shift in nail cosmetics
• array of nail lacquer colors available
• early screen stars started the trend of wearing these colors on their
fingers and toesQuirkyfinds.com
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•1932-Clairol created permanent haircolor
•1938 the cold wave was invented that used no machine or heat
• considered to be the precursor to the modern perm
Library.duke.edu
Ebay.com
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•1941, scientists developed waving lotion that did not require heat
*called cold wave
Modernlab.com
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• today, the term “texture service” is used to describe the variety of permanent wave services and straightening services
available for different hair types and conditions
Just-hairstyles.com
Hairstyles-pictures.com
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1951-2000
• introduction of tube mascara,
improved hair care,
and nail products
Southportbeautysalon.com
Nailsupplywebsite.com
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•boom and death of the
weekly salon
appointmentFlickr.com
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•1960’s-Vidal Sassoon’s revolutionary geometric haircuts
Discoveringhair.wordpress.com
Ladybear.gaia.com
Campuscircle.net
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•1970’s highlighting techniques of “hair weaving” using aluminum
foil
Tpcs-auction.org
Zebrahairandbeauty.com
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•1980’s heavy use of eye make-up and blush…and really BIG HAIR, just ask Mrs. Kucas
***physical fitness, nutrition, day spas
Images.mix.com
Moviedearest.blogspot.com
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•1990’s haircolor became gentler, allowing everyone to be able to color their hair without breakage
Hairsandiego.com
Pitchengine.com
Hairstyle-blog.com
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1998-Creative Nail Design introduced the first spa pedicure
***nail art also entered the seen by the 1990’s
Yelp.com
Looklocally.com
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Nailartgallery.com
Breakforfunzarke.net
Kaskus.us
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21st Century
• gentle-no fade hair colors
• estheticians rejuvenate the face and keep sunspots, and mild acne under control
• specialization became popular-hair colorist, hair cutting specialist, nail technician, etc, providing a full array of services
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***haircoloring in the twentieth century has become a multibillion-dollar industry of professional products!!!!!!!
***the huge growth in day spas has also been a significant development
*** the domain of cosmetology has changed dramatically . All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring them to know more than ever and to make
continuing education a necessity
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• men’s-only specialty shops and barber spas have gained popularity, providing new opportunities for men’s nail care specialists
Luxury-insider.com
Psfk.com
Reviewjournal.com
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Career Opportunities
•Haircolor specialist-perform color services. Work for a product manufacturer
Beautyschools.edu
Beautifulhairsandiego.com
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Texture specialist
~ perming ~ straightening~ training others~ work for manufacturer
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Ehow.com
Stylekandy.com
Easy-hairstyles.com
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Cutting specialist-learning various cutting styles and techniques
•Perfect your own skills
•Develop your own method of cutting hair
(everyone develops their own way of cutting hair)
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Plumstudiossalon.comGuidespot.com
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Salon trainer- train others
•management and interpersonal relationship training
•large organizations ( not limited to)
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Distributor sales consultant-salon
•new products, new trends, and new techniques
•excellent opportunity
•
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Cosmetology instructor
Add: terms only-not definitions
***Salon stylist- performs all services offered in a salon. Could be asked to handle any number of tasks and duties in the salon
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***Wig or extensions specialist-change the length , texture and color by adding extensions, through braiding, weaving, bonding, gluing, or sewing. Wigs,
especially for people who experience hair loss. Or a men’s hair replacement specialist Cambridge.gumtree.com
Jamaica-newyork.olx.com
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***Retail specialist
• handling merchandise and inventory
Thedressingroomsalon.com
divasalonspa,.com
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***Skin Care Specialist/Esthetician-
•offers treatments
•makeup
•work with Dermatologists
Many will own their own business
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Instituteofaesthetics.org
Designingbeautyacademy.com
Dominelli.com
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***Makeup artist-
•able to blend, shade, and create any image
• work with a private clientele
•makeup director for a department store
•represent a line of cosmetics
• work in TV or film, fashion magazines, theater, independent freelancer
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Centennialcollege.ca
Flickr.com
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***Nail technician-provide clients with manicures and pedicures, nail art, artificial nail services
***Day Spa stylist or technician-all salon services plus treatments like body massage, body wraps, hydrotherapy. A day spa may be the ideal professional environment for you
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Beautynewsnyc.com
Funandsun.com
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***Salon manager-
• helps team members achieve their goals
• Job includes purchasing, personnel development, advertising, sales, budgeting, and people skills
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***Salon owner-
•responsibilities and challenges
•Sets the standard for the quality of service in the workplace
• make the decisions of products and services
•handle the business end, paying bills, payroll, taxes, etc.
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***Product educator
•Travel is a must
•Speak to groups of people
Lastheplace.com
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***Cosmetic chemist-
•cosmetic manufacturers
•consultant for several companies
• be on a panel that studies products
•Further education may be required
Lsct.com
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***Session stylist-stylist for models being photographed for magazines or books
Rheeviews.com
Hji.co.uk
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Ftape.com
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***Hairstylist for TV, movies, or theater
work with celebrities.
Mastionne.com
Epicartistry.com
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***Styles director/artistic director-works with videographers, fashion magazines, publishing companies
***Design team member-creates presentations for fashion shows, runway work, hair shows, etc. On the cutting edge of fashion and design
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***Platform artist-on stage, performing for people, sharing knowledge and
traveling. Demonstrates current trends and techniques. Salon experience is a must
Arrojostudio.com
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***Competition Champion- “the best” display their individual talents and techniques. Often establishes their own salon, works as trainers, and sets a high standard for pricing
***Educator-work as an educational consultant for a product manufacturer, educator in the private or technical sector, school director.
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***Writer-for articles, books, brochures, produce videos. Work for a publishing company
***State board member-take a proactive role in the regulatory issues affecting the
cosmetology industry. You could also become a state board examiner or a state board inspector
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***Salon industry grosses about $50 billion a year in revenue
• no limit to your possibilities
•develop your skills
•most creative and unique career
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Salon Management
• management opportunities are diverse* inventory manager* department head* special events manager* assistant manager* general manager
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Salon owner* enroll in business classes to
learn about managing: ~ products
~ departments~ people
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Reflectionssaloninc.com
Identity-uk.com
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You must decide whether you want to work in:
•Specialty salon
•Full-service salon (hair, skin, and nail services)
•Day spa (skin, body, nail, and hair services that emphasize beauty and wellness
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•focus on your studies
• subscribe and read professional publications
• become a member in trade associations
•continue your education by attending workshops outside of school
•your personal dedication and passion will fuel your career
• be excited, you are on your way!!