Download - Constitutional Ism
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England:Decline of Absolutism
Constitutionalism, Civil War, &Restoration of Monarchy
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What is Constitutionalism?Limitation of government by law
Balance between authority & power ofgovernment and rights & liberties of subjects
State must act according to the laws
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Decline of Monarchy & AbsolutismAfter Elizabeth Stuarts gained throne & institutedabsolute government with constitutional legality
Tied to Parliament for consent
James Stuart (James I) united Scotland & EnglandNot good ruler for unitingnot familiar with Englishlaws & traditions
Ruled according to Devine Right
James I vs. Protestants (Puritans)Threatened his absolutist ideals = conformity
Puritans increased in #s & influence
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James I vs. Catholics1st lenient treatment (to unify) = lifted fines
Later reinstituted them
Gunpowder Plot (1605) Catholics planned toblow up Parliament but discovered before ithappened
Increased fear & hatred of Catholics
Arranged peace w/ Spain = angered Prot.
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James vs. ParliamentParliament unwilling tobe under absolute ruler
Most were Puritans
Kept dismissingParliament
1625 Charles I becomesking
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Divisions of ParliamentParliament ready to curb absolute Power
Starts taking kings powers away (in few monthsabsolute power is gone)
Divisions in Parliament (religious & politicaldivisions): Puritans attacking Anglicans
Puritans/Parliamentary vs. ModerateAnglo./Royalists
King Charles I
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Divisions of Parliament
Puritans/Parliamentarians
Middle class/Calvinists
Roundheads: would not
wear flowery curled hair
Moderate Angl./Royalists
Large landowners
Cavaliers
1642 Charles I tries to arrest leaders of revolt
Parliament raises army
Fled to Oxford-Royalists follow
Open war between King & Parliament basically
war of differences in political & religious sentiments
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Civil War 1642-1646Goal of Royalists:
March to London &
capture itdidnt
Had lots of land, no $
Nobility, squires (Britishgentry)
Parliament:
Held most of seaports &
cities
Navy on their side
Deciding factor: New
Model Army devel. byCromwellIronsideCalvary
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Oliver CromwellOfficer of Parlimentary armycavalry
Led army that defeated royal forces & now
controlled the govtAfter war wondered what should do w/ king
Tried negotiations but Charles I tried taking
advantage of Parliament divisionsCromwelltook over
Some wanted to keep monarchy others wantedhim gone
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Oliver Cromwell Cont.Cromwell/army vs.Parliament
Cromwell reduces Parl.w/ Prides Purge
Rump Parliament (50members) agree toexecute king 1649 =Commonwealth Republic
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CommonwealthInstrument of Govt: created constitution & executive(Cromwell) & council of state
Council of State: annually elected committee ofParliament
Europe applalled: wouldnt recognize it & merchantsimprisoned
Cromwell acts worse than Charles I
Commonwealth collapses w/ Cromwells death in 1658
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Restoration of Monarchy
1660 Monarchy restored with Charles Is eldestson Charles II
Both houses Parliament restored
Anglican Church restored
Not a absolutist ruler
King Charles II
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Glorious Revolution 1688-1689Destruction of absolute monarchy
William & Mary hold throne & acknowledgesupremacy of Parliament
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