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Considerations about plastering
with aerogel from the viewpoint
of heritage preservation
Walter Niederberger, stv. Denkmalpfleger BL
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Introduction
The function of built heritage
• witness of the history of the people
• irreplaceable source of information
• important public function
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Introduction
New challenge:
Energy-saving renovation of historic buildings
• conservation means protection of the substance
• the substance accounts for the authenticity
• energy-saving
renovation must
meet requirements
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Levels of protection
• historic buildings with integral protection
• buildings with protection of their appearance
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Integrally protected buildings
Principles of conservation
• witnesses of history
• unique and cannot be reproduced
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Integrally protected buildings
Protection and prevention
• construction measures must not interfere
with the historical value
• building standards may not be used
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Integrally protected buildings
Six principles of conservation and restauration
• Conservation of the substance
• conservation means protection of the substance
• Age and uniqueness as a feature
• the uniqueness
is to be
preserved
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Integrally protected buildings
Six principles of conservation and restauration
• Ability of repair and maintenance
• repairs are the guarantors of the survival
• traditional building materials and techniques
• Reversibility
• interventions
must be
carried out
with a high
degree of
reversibility
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Integrally protected buildings
Six principles of conservation and restauration
• Adequacy and minimum intervention
• elements should not be replaced without necessity
• Addition instead of replacement
• addition should
always have
priority
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Buildings with protection of
their appearance
• significance for the townscape
• witnesses of a cultural heritage
• important aspect:
renewal
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Energy-saving renovation of
historic buildings
Earlier insulation measures
• only comfort mattered
• wooden wall
panelling
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Energy-saving renovation of
historic buildings
Today's requirements
• reducing harmful emissions
• raising comfort
• reducing heating
costs
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Historic buildings and energy
Integrally protected buildings
• listed buildings: about 2% of the building stock
• energy consumption: about 1%
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Integrally protected buildings
Objectives, strategies
• conservation of the substance
• preservation of the appearance
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Integrally protected buildings
Non-Structural measures to reduce
energy consumption
• non-structural measures: highest priority
• operational measures
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Integrally protected buildings
Structural measures to reduce energy consumption
• insulation of: unheated roof space
• heated attic
• basement ceiling
• on the inside of
external walls
• external insulation
of parts with
ground contact
• increased thick-
ness of insulation
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Buildings with protection of
their appearance
• appearance of the exterior is crucial
• no adverse effect to the historic appearance
of a building
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Pilot project: the former mill
Introduction
• first project
• new high performance insulation plaster
• thin layer, like the existing plaster
• new product:
aerogel insulation
plaster
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Pilot project: the former mill
The building and its history
• 14th century
• high gable walls
• plaster with Portland cement
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Pilot project: the former mill
Energy concept
• best possible solution for lowest possible energy
consumption
• «Miniwatt»
• «Minifossil»
• «Minispace»
• «Minicar»
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Pilot project: the former mill
Energetic rehabilitation measures:
• insulation of the outside
• new windows
• insulation of the floor of the unheated roof space
• insulation of the
basement ceiling
• insulation of the
inner window
reveal
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Pilot project: the former mill
Energetic rehabilitation measures:
• installation of a ventilation system with heat recovery
• best household appliances
• change from oil to wood pellets
• restoration of
old heaters
• wood pellets
for heating the
water
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Pilot project: the former mill
Requirements of the pilot project
• conservation rules apply
• no change of the appearance
• no replacement of historic plaster
• same thickness of
the plaster
• purely mineral
composition
• no loss of relevant
substance
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Pilot project: the former mill
Implementation of the energetic concept and
considerations regarding preservation
• no insulation boards
• no conventional insulating plaster
• preservation of the
appearance
• comply with
heritage-friendly
materials
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Pilot project: the former mill
Findings
• historical plaster: lime putty
• new plaster: seven different layers or steps
• roughcast
• insulating plaster
• undercoat stabilizer
• embedding mortar
• reinforcement fabric
• final coating layer
• topcoat of paint
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Pilot project: the former mill
Findings
• purely mineral
• fabric: undesirable for historic monuments
• natural fibres or animal hairs: compatible
• historically accurate
appearance
• proved adequate
• energy consumption
cut by half
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Conclusion
Energy-saving renovation of integrally
protected buildings
• not with integrally protected buildings
• loss of substance
• using historically
authentic material
composition
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Conclusion
Energy-saving renovation of buildings with
protection of their appearance
• maintaining the appearance
• maintaining typical design features
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Summary
• not on integrally protected buildings
• only on buildings with protection of their appearance
and non-protected buildings
• preservation of the appearance
• energy saving
Thank you for your attention