Download - Connections: Middleware and Network
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Connections:Middleware and Network
Kittiphan Techakittiroj
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Clients: need services
• Servers: serve the need
• Middleware: Connection between Clients & Ser
vers
– software: standard, protocol, commercial softw
are
– hardware: physical connection, router, gateway
Introduction
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• tiny shops or individual
• small shops or departments
• intergalactic enterprises
• post scarcity world
Configuration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Both client and server are on the same
machine
• Powerful machine: usually the case of current
available machine
• Robust Operating System
Tiny Shops or IndividualConfiguration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• one server/many clients: all clients access one server
• Popular architecture of local area networks
• Easy for administration
– Known clients -> customized for specific needs
– Administrator has full control over server
Small Shops or DeparmentsConfiguration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• many servers/one client: client designed to access
many servers
• Current of Internet/Intranet Application
Intergalactic EnterprisesConfiguration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Expandable, Flexible, Fault Tolerance
• Require a good middleware: e.g. security, bandwi
dth
Intergalactic Enterprises (cont.)
Configuration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Distributed systems: each individual machine acts
as both client and server
• Require powerful resources
Post-Scarcity WorldConfiguration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Combination of all
– LAN with Internet
• Need to consider the advantage, disadvantage
• Other arrangement is possible: depends on
definition
– number of clients or servers
– geographical boundary
Real WorldConfiguration of Client/Server
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Client Building Block
• Server Building Block
• Middleware Building Block
Inside Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Usually built-in OS
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Object Oriented User Interface (OOUI)
• Web Browser
• Distributed System Management (DSM)
• etc.
Client Building BlockInside the Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• SQL Database Servers
• TP Monitors
• Groupware Servers
• Object Servers
• Web Server
• DSM Component
• etc.
Server Building BlockInside the Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Transport Stack
• Network Operating Systems (NOS)
• DSM
• Service Specific
Middleware Building BlockInside the Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• For n-tier system
• Might be future trend of network
application
Server-to-Server Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Size of Network
– Local Area Network (LAN)
– Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Standard Protocol: TCP/IP, NetBIOS, IPX/SPX, A
ppleTalk
• Layer Concept: ISO Layer, Internet Protocol Suite
Network Connection
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• The way of connect computers together
• WAN will be irregular (f)
Network Topology
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Split to small functionality connect to each other
• Easy to implement, maintenance
Layer ConceptNetwork Connection
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Link Layer: interconnection (hardware &
software)
• Network Layer: networking computers
• Transport Layer: delivery service
• Application Layer: Telnet, FTP, SMTP
Internet Suite (TCP/IP protocol)Network Connection: Layer Concept
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Connection-Oriented Service: connection need to
be established first
• Connectionless Service
Connection TypeNetwork Connection: Layer Concept
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Each difference layer contains specification
• Physical Layer: signal specification
• Other Layers: header containing information
Specification & HeaderNetwork Connection: Layer Concept
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Hubs
• Bridges
• IP Switches
• Routers
• Gateways
Interconnecting DevicesNetwork Connection
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Hubs, Switches, Birdges, RoutersNetwork Connection: Interconnecting Devices
• Definition changing with time
• Intelligence …: make difference disappered
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Logical Network
Driver
• Stack Sandwich
• Protocol
Matchmakers
(optional)
• Transport-
Independent APIs
Transport Stacks Middleware
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
• Cover: Signal, Medium, Data
• Absolute Bandwidth: the width of the
frequency spectrum of the signal
• Effective Bandwidth: less than 3dB power drop
• Commonly used as the amount of bits that
can be transferred within one unit time (bit-
rate)
Bandwidth
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
How much bandwidth is enough?Bandwidth
• Depend on Application and Taste
Bandwidth Remark
AudioCD Quality 706 kbit/s 16 bit, 44.1 ks/s
Digital Phone Quality 64 kbit/s 8 bit, 8 ks/s
VideoMinimum Quality 566 kbit/s 1024x768, 30 fps, 24 bits
TV Quality (uncompressed) 96 Mbit/sTV Quality (compression) 6 Mbit/s
Data Requirements depends
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Bandwidth AvailableBandwidth
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Bandwidth for LANBandwidth: Bandwidth Available
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Speed DeploymentEthernet 10 Mbit/s WidespreadToken Ring 4/16 Mbit/s Flat marketFast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s Growing very rapidlyFDDI 100 Mbit/s Declining marketshareGigabit Ethernet 1 Gbit/s Growing rapidlyATM 25 Mbit/s -
2.4 Gbit/sDeclining marketshare as a LAN replacement
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Bandwidth for WANBandwidth: Bandwidth Available
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Speed SpeedT1 (DS1) 1.54 Mbit/s OC-3 155.52 Mbit/sE1 2.04 Mbit/s OC-12 622.08 Mbit/sE2 8.44 Mbit/s OC-24 1.244 Gbit/sE3 34.36 Mbit/s OC-48 2.488 Gbit/sT3 (DS3) 44.73 Mbit/s OC-96 4.976 Gbit/sOC-1 51.84 Mbit/s OC-192 10 Gbit/sOC-2 103.68 Mbit/s OC-768 40 Gbit/s
Physical Interconnect Technology
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Bandwidth for WAN cont.
Bandwidth: Bandwidth Available
• Technology on top of Cable/Physical Technology
Max. Speed
App. Packet Size Deployment
Frame Relay 45 Mbit/s (T3/E3)
Data Voice
Variable length 4096 bytes max.
Wide
SMDS 45 Mbit/s (T3)
Data Variable length 9188 bytes max.
Limted and declining
ATM 2.4 Gbit/s (OC-48)
Data Voice Video
53 byte cells Limited but growing
Packet-Switching
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Bandwidth from Home to WANBandwidth: Bandwidth Available
SpeedV.34 28.8 kbit/sV.90 56 kbit/s down, 33.6 kbit/s upISDN BRI 128 kbit/sISDN PRI 1.544 Mbit/sT1 1.544 Mbit/sHDSL up to 1.5 Mbit/sADSL up to 6 Mbit/s down, 640 kbit/s upCable Modem up to 10 Mbit/sB-ISDN (ATM/Sonet)
100 Mbit/s and more
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (21 . . 2566เม ย )
Reference Books
Client/server survival guide 3rd edition by Robert Orf
ali, Dan Harkey, Jeri Edwards (John Wiley & Son
s: 1999)
Computer Networks 3rd edition by Andrew S. Tanen
baum (Prentice Hall: 1996)
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli (M
cGraw Hill: 1997)