Download - Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINHTRNG I HC BCH KHOA
KHOA K THUT A CHT V DU KH
---------------oOo---------------
BI GING
PGS. TS. L PH C H
O
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BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GII THI U, YU C U
V NI DUNG MN H C
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2 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
NI DUNG MN HC
Tn mn hc: CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
M s mn hc: 300009
Phn phi tit hc: 3 (3.1.6)
+ L thuyt: 42
+ Bi tp & Seminar: 14
Ni dung: Mn hc gii thiu cc nguyn tc c bn trong cng
ngh khai thc du kh bao gm k thut hon thin ging khai thc,
cng ngh v k thut tc ng ln va, cc phng php khai thcdu kh, cng ngh v k thut thu hi du th cp, cc phng
php thit k v ti u ha khai thc du kh t cc m du hoc t
cc ging khai thc du ring bit.
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3 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
TI LIU THAM KHO
1- L Phc Ho. Bi ging Cng ngh khai thc du kh
2- Phng nh Thc, Dng Danh Lam, L B Tun, Nguyn Vn
Cnh. Cng ngh v kthu t khai thc d u kh, NXB Gio dc 1999.
3- L Phc Ho. C skhoan v khai thc d u kh. NXB HQG TP.HCM 2002.
4- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Kin Cng. Ph ng php phn tch hth ngng dng trong kthu t d u kh. NXBHQG TP. HCM 2003.
5- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Mnh Thy (dch): Cc v n
c b n trongcng ngh khai thc d u kh, XNLD Vietsovpetro, 1996.
6- Petroleum Engineering Handbook, SPE, 1992.
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4 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
TI LIU THAM KHO
7- Cc ngun hc liu m (cc bi ging in t cc trng i hc,
bi bo, LVTN, LVThS, LVTS)
8- Th vin in t SPE
9- Cc trang web ca cc cng ty du kh (BP, Exxon-Mobil, Shell,TotalElfFina, Vietsovpetro) v dch v k thut du kh (Schlumberger,
Halliburton, BJ, Transocean, Geoservices, PVDrilling...).
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5 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chn g 1 : Tng quan v khai thc du kh
1.1. Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Cc ngun nng lng va
1.3. Cc ch khai thc m du
1.4. L thuyt chuyn ng ca dng cht lu trong ng
ng
1.5. Tnh ton tn tht p sut do ma st
1.6. Tnh hnh khai thc du kh trong nc v trn th gii
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6 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.1. i cng v cng tc hon thin ging
2.1.1- Phn loi
2.1.2- Phng php hon thin ging2.1.3- Tnh ton thit k
2.1.4- Dung dch hon thin ging
2.2. Qui trnh hon thin ging2.3. Thit b hon thin ging
2.3.1- Thit b bn m va
2.3.2- Thit b lng ging2.3.3- Thit b u ging
2.3.4- Thit b kim sot dng chy
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7 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.4. Cng ngh bn m va
2.5. Nhng c th trong cng ngh hon thin ging
ngang2.6. Gi dng sn phm
2.6.1- Nguyn l gi dng
2.6.2- Cc yu cu c bn2.6.3- Cc phng php gi dng sn phm
2.6.4- Cc yu t nh hng n cng tc gi dng
2.7- Bi tp
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8 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 3: Kho st ging
3.1. Mc ch v phng php kho st ging
3.2. Kho st ging lm vic ch n nh
3.3. Kho st ging lm vic ch khng n nh
3.4. Cc phng php kho st khc
3.5. La chn ch lm vic ca ging3.6. K thut v thit b kho st
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9 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 4: Cng ngh duy tr p sut va
4.1. Mc ch v phng php
4.2. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p nc
4.2.1- S b tr cc ging bm p4.2.2- Cc ngun nc bm p
4.2.3- X l nc bm p
4.2.4- Qui trnh cng ngh bm p nc4.2.5- H thng thit b bm p nc
4.3. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p kh
Kim tra gia hc k
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10 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 5: X l vng cn y ging
5.1. Vn nhim bn tng cha
5.1.1- Nguyn nhn
5.1.2- Cc yu t nh hng chnh5.1.3- Hiu ng skin
5.2- Tng quan cc phng php x l (c s l thuyt,
i tngpdng, u nhc im)5.2.1- X l ha hc (axit)
5.2.2- X l c hc
a- Tri n
b- Nt va thy lc (c v khng c ht chn)
c- X l kt hp
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11 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 6: Phng php t phun
6.1. Khi nim v s t phun
6.2. Phng php xc nh iu kin t phun
6.3. Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng t phun
6.4. Tnh ton ct ng khai thc
6.5. Thit b lng ging khai thc t phun6.6. Chn ch khai thc ti u
6.7. S c trong qu trnh t phun v bin php phng
nga
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12 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 7: Phng php gaslift
7.1. Nguyn l ca phng php gaslift
7.2. Cc loi thit b gaslift
7.3. Chng loi v c tnh ca cc van gaslift
7.4. Thit k ch lm vic cho ging gaslift
7.5. Ti u ha phng php gasliftGiao bi tp ln
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13 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 8: Bm ly tm in chm
8.1. u nhc im ca phng php
8.2. Thit b
8.2.1- Thit b lng ging
8.2.2- Thit b b mt
8.3. Thit k v chn bm8.4. Nhng s c thng gp
8.5. Cc bin php nng cao tui th bm ly tm in chm
Giao bi tp ln
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14 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 9: Thu hi tng cng
9.1. Tm quan trng
9.2. S phn b ca du d trong va
9.3. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng
9.4. La chn phng php thch hp
Kho st cc phn mm chuyn ngnh
Np cc bi tp ln (tnh ton thit k)
Thi hc k
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15 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chng 10: Nhng thnh tu mi
Production Facilities
Sand Control
Coiled Tubing
Multiphase Pumps
Downhole Separators
Marginal Field Development...
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16 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
HNH THC NH GI MN HC
1. Kim tra thng k (10%), gia k (20%), v cui k
(50%) bng hnh thc trc nghim khch quan trn
mng
2. Bi tp ln (10%): 2 bi tp tnh ton thit k (np bi
trc khi kt thc hc k)
3. Seminar (10%): mi SV (hoc nhm SV) chn 1 ch
(nng cao, m rng phn l thuyt c trong chng
trnh, hay ng dng thc t...), ng k vo u hc k,nhn ti liu v chun b bo co trc lp (10 pht)
v tr li cc cu hi lin quan.
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BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CAC TNH CHAT
CUA A VA CHAT LU
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18 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
1. Cac tnh chat cua Dva tac ong en dong chay
2. Cac tnh chat cua lu chat va
3.He phng trnh mo ta dong chay trong va
NI DUNG
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19 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cac tnh chat cua va va chat lu
1. o rong
2. o tham
3. o bao hoa
4. Tnh mao dan
5. Tnh dnh t
6. S thay oi the tch theo ap suat
7. Ap suat va
8. Nhiet o va
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20 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Trong at a luon ton tai nhng lo hong, khe
nt khong cha nhng vat ran
- Thc te, at a cng chac va lien khoi co the
xem nh khong co lo rong, con at a mem, ri,a nhieu khe nt co o rong ln
o rong
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21 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
o rong toan phan
o rong toan phan bieu th bang ty so gia tong the
tch khong gian rong cua khoi a va tong the tch
thc cua khoi a
rthe tch rong V
the tch khoi a V
=
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22 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
o rong hieu dung
o rong hieu dung bieu th bang ty so tong the tch
khong gian rong cua khoi a cho phep chat lu
(kh, dau, nc) chay qua tren tong the tch thc
cua khoi a
=hd
hd
the tch hieu dung V
the tch khoi a V
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23 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
o rong hieu dung
- Gia tr o rong hieu dung dung e tnh toan tr lng valu lng khai thac cua gieng. Phan loai o rong hieu dung:
+ 0%-5%: khong ang ke+ 5%-10%: ngheo hoac thap
+ 10%-15%: kha hoac trung bnh
+ 15-20%: tot hoac cao
+ tren 20%: rat tot
- Neu o rong va qua thap, co the s dung cac phngphap nt va e tang o tham
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24 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Xac nh o rong
Qui trnh xac nh o rong cua at a trong phong th
nghiem:
- Say kho mau 1050C trong 8h e khoi lng khong
thay oi
- So sanh khoi lng cua mau kho va mau t, tm c
khoi lng lu chat cha trong mau, t o suy ra co rong cua mau
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25 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
o bao hoa chat lu trong va
o bao hoa chat lu trong va la ty so gia the tch
chat lu cha trong cac lo rong va the tch lo rong
= clr
VSV
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26 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Tng ng vi moi pha dau, kh, nc ta lan lt co
o bao hoa dau, kh va nc tng ng
Va:
= oo
r
VS
V= ww
r
VS
V= gg
r
VS
V
go wo g wr r r
VV VS S S 1V V V+ + = + + =
o bao hoa chat lu trong va
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27 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Quan he gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoa
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28 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Quan he gia o bao hoa va ap suat
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29 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Nhng lo rong trong a c xem tng t nh
nhng ong mao dan co kch thc nho
- Khi lo rong trong a co kch thc nho, lc cang be
mat gay ra bi chat lu co tnh dnh t a chiem uthe se gay ra s chenh ap gia 2 chat lu dau nc
qua be mat nay
Tnh mao dan
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30 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Ap suat mao dan
a co the co tnh dnh t dau hoac nc chiem u the, v vay theo
quy c, ap suat mao dan dau - nc la ap suat pha dau tr ap suat pha
nc
Tng t, ta co ap suat mao dan gia pha kh pha nc
la:
Va ap suat mao dan gia pha kh va pha dau la:
c(g o) g oP P P =
c(o w) o wP P P =
c(g w) g wP P P =
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31 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Quan he gia AS mao dan o bao hoa chat lu
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32 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- o tham la mot trong nhng tnh chat quan trong
cua at a cha dau kh, ac trng cho kha nang
cho chat lu chay qua he thong lo rong lien thong
nhau
- o tham c bieu th qua he so tham k ch phu
thuoc vao moi trng lo rong ma khong phu thuocvao chat lu tham qua no
o tham
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33 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cac loai o tham
- o tham tuyet oi la o tham cua a ieu
kien bao hoa 100% mot loai chat lu
- o tham hieu dung la o tham cua a vi mot
chat lu co o bao hoa nho hn 100%
- Tong cac o tham hieu dung luon nho hn o
tham tuyet oi
w ok k k+ Pb: Theo Vasquez va Beggs
0od o, APIlg[lg( 1)] 1,8653 0,025086 0,5644lgT + =
Bo odA =
m
o obb
P
( )P = 1,187 5m 2,6P exp( 11,513 8,98.10 P)=
Cac tnh chat cua nc va
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58 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
a. He so the tch thanh he nc
Theo McCain:
w wt wpB (1 V )(1 V )= + +
2 4 7 2
wtV 1,00010.10 1,33391.10 T 5,50654.10 T
= + +9 13 2 7 10 2
wpV 1,95301.10 PT 1,72834.10 P T 3,58922.10 P 2,25341.10 P =
Cac tnh chat cua nc va
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59 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
b.Ty so hoa tan kh nc
0,0840655 0,285854sw
swp
R
10 STR
=
2
swpR A BP CP= + +2 4 2 7 3A 8,15839 6,12265.10 T 1,91663.10 T 2,1654.10 T = +
2 5 7 2 10 3B 1,01021.10 7,44241.10 T 3,05553.10 T 2,94883.10 T = + 7 4 2 6 3 9 4C 10 (9,02505 0,130237T 8,53425.10 T 2,34122.10 T 2,37049.10 T ) = + +
Cac tnh chat cua nc va
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60 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
c. He so nen ang nhiet
Khi P > Pb:
Khi P < P:
ww T
w N a C l
B1 1C ( )
B P ( 7 , 0 3 3 P 5 4 1, 5 C 5 3 7 , 0 T 4 0 3 , 3 )
= =
+ +
ww T
wB1C ( ) ( B 2 C . P )B P
= + +
Cac tnh chat cua nc va
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61 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
d. He so nht ong lc
-He so nht ong lc nhiet o va va ap suat kh quyen:
- He so nht ong lc ap suat va nhiet o va:
Tw1 AB =
2 3 3A 109,574 8,40564S 0,313314S 8,72213.10 S= + +
2 4 2 5 3 6 4B 1,12166 2,63951.10 S 6,79461.10 S 5,47119.10 S 1,55586.10 S = + +
5 9 2w
w1
0,9994 4,0296.10 P 3,1062.10 P
= + +
Dong chay trong va
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62 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dong chay trong va
- S dch chuyen cua chat lu trong va luon thay oi theokhong gian va thi gian
- Cac yeu to anh hng en dong chay cung thay oi theo
- Viec hieu biet quy luat dch chuyen cua chat lu theokhong gian va thi gian trong va la rat quan trong, giup:
+ Tnh toan ng ac tnh dong vao
+ Tnh toan lu lng khai thac hp ly
+ La chon cac phng phap x ly vung can ay
+ Xac nh he so skin gieng- e giai quyet bai toan nay, can s dung nh luat thamDarcy va khao sat mot so yeu to anh hng en dong tham.
Dong chay trong va
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63 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dong chay trong va
1. nh luat tham Darcy
2. S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoachat lu
3. He phng trnh tong quat cua dong tham nhieu
pha
Dong chay trong va
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64 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dong chay trong va
1. nh luat tham Darcynh luat tham Darcy tong quat cho dong tham bat k:
- Khi van toc dong chay la ln (Re >10) th phng trnhDarcy khong con ung na. Trong trng hp nay, ta s
dung phng trnh tham phi tuyen co dang:
- Tuy nhien hau het cac dong chay trong moi trng lo rongeu la dong chay tang (Re
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65 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g y g
2. S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao
hoa chat lu
- Khi o bao hoa thay oi th o tham hieu dung
cua chat lu thay oi
- Khi o bao hoa nc tang th o tham cua nc
se giam, con khi o bao hoa dau tang th o thamcua dau se tang
Dong chay trong va
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66 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g y g
S thay oi gia o tham tng oi va o bao hoa chat lu
Dong chay trong va
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67 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g y g
3.He phng trnh tong quat cua ong tham nhieu phaXet trng hp dong tham gom ca 3 pha nc, dau va kh.nh luat Darcy ap dung cho moi pha nh sau:
- Pha nc:
- Pha dau:
- Pha kh:
w rww w w w w
w w
.( ) ( )= + = +
))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz
o roo o o o o
o o
.( ) ( )= + = +))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz
g rgg g g g g
g g
.( ) ( )= + = +))& )& )&k k kV p z p gz
Dong chay trong va
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68 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Phng trnh lien tuc ap dung cho tng pha:
+ Pha nc
+ Pha dau
+ Pha kh
w ww w
( S )
( V ) 0t
+ =
& &
o o o o
( S )( V ) 0t
+ =
& &
g gg g( S ) ( V ) 0t
+ =
& &
Dong chay trong va
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69 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Ket hp nh luat Darcy va phng trnh lien tuc
cho moi pha, ta c he phng trnh:
w w rww w w
w
( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0
t
+ =
)&&
o o roo o o
o
( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0t
+ =
)&&
g g rgg g g
g
( S ) k.k[ (p gz)] 0t
+ =
)&&
Dong chay trong va
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70 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cac pha lien he vi nhau qua cac quan he na thc
nghiem gia ap suat va o bao hoa:
c(g w) g w g wP P P f(S ,S ) = =
c(g o) g o g oP P P f(S ,S ) = =
c(o w) o w o wP P P f(S ,S ) = =
Dong chay trong va
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71 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Ngoai ra can quan tam en tnh nen c cua lu
chat
- S bien thien cua cac he so tham tng oi theo
o bao hoa
- S bien thien cua cac he so nht ong lc theo ap
suat va nhiet o
Dong chay trong va
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72 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Da vao cac ieu kien ban au va ieu kien bien, cac
phng trnh tren co the giai c bang phng phap so.
- Li giai cac he phng trnh tren cho biet quy luat dch
chuyen cua chat lu trong va, t o co the xay dng c
ng ac tnh dong vao vi o chnh xac cao, giup vieckhai thac at hieu qua cao nhat
-
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BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
DONG CHAY TRONG GIENG
NOI DUNG
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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74 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Gii thieu chung
Tnh toan dong chay trong gieng Phng trnh nang lng tong quat Cac tnh chat c ban cua lu chat
Cac thong so cua dong chay hai pha Phng trnh gradient ap suat cua dong chay hai phatrong ong khai thac
Dong chay trong cac bo phan can dong
Gii thieu chung
-
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75 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
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76 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dong chay trong he thong khai thac bao gom:
Dong chay t va vao ay gieng
Dong chay t ay gieng len be mat
e phan tch toan bo he thong khai thac, can tnh toan tonthat ap suat trong tng bo phan cua he thong:
Ton that ap suat cua dong chay t va vao ay gieng cthe hien qua ng ac tnh dong vao IPR.
Ton that ap suat t ay gieng len be mat, (iem 6 iem1) c the hien qua ng ac tnh nang VLF.
LY THUYET IEM NUT
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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77 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chon ay gieng la iem nut. Ap suat iem nut tnh theo dong ra luc nay la:
Psep +P ong TG +Pchoke +P ong KT +P sssv +P srt = Pwf
Trong o: Psep: Ap suat bnh tach
P ong TG: o giam ap trong ong thu gom
P choke: o giam ap trong van tiet lu be mat
P ong KT :o giam ap trong ong khai thac
Psssv
: o giam ap trong van an toan gieng sau
P rst: o giam ap trong bo phan can dong khac
Pwf: Ap suat ay gieng
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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78 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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79 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Chia phng trnh tren cho m va lay vi phan hai ve, ta c:
cc
s
cc g
Zgm
g
vmVpUWq
g
Zgm
g
vmVpU 2
22
22'2
''121
11'1
..
.2
..
..
.2
.. +++=+++++
0.)( =+++++ scc
dWdqdZgg
gvdppddU
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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80 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Phng trnh tren rat kho ap dung. Da vao ly thuyet nhietong hoc bien oi phng trnh tren nh sau:
dU = dh d(p/); dh = T.dS + (dp/)
dU = TdS + dp/ - d(p/)Thay the vao phng trnh tren ta c:
TdS + dp/ + vdv/gc +gdz/gc + dq + dWs = 0 (*)
Tiep tuc bien oi, c ket qua:dS -dq/T; dS = -dq + dLw.dLw la ton that ma sat. Gia s Ws = 0, phng trnh (*) trthanh:
0.. =+++ wcc
dLdZgg
gdvvdp
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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81 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Mat khac, neu ong thu gom nghieng
mot goc th dz=dLsin va nhan haive phng trnh tren cho /dL:
0.sin...
..=+++ dL
dL
g
g
dLg
dvv
dL
dpw
cc
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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82 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Trong cac phng trnh tren, o giam ap dp = p2 p1 < 0.Neu dp > 0, ta co phng trnh xac nh gradient ap suat:
++=
fcc dL
dp
g
g
dLg
dvv
dL
dp
sin..
.
..
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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83 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
(dp/dL)f= dLw/dL: gradient ap suat do ma sat (hay trt) gay nenHe so ma sat f c xac nh nh sau:
f = 64/NRENRE la so Reynolds, la thong so dung e phan biet che o dong
chay.
Trong ong tron, gia tr phan chia gia dong chay tang va dong chay roi
thng la NRE = 2100 hoac 2300.
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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84 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong trn, he so ma sat c xac nhbang cac phng trnh sau:
3000 < NRE < 3x106, ap dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va McAdam,ta c:
f = 0.56+0.5NRE-32
NRE> 105, ap dung phng trnh Blasius:
f = 0.316NRE-0.25
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong nham (/d 0) he so ma sat c
xac nh bang phng trnh Colebrook va White (1939):
+=
fNdf .
7,18.2log.274,1
1
Re
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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85 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
V he so ma sat khong the xac nh trc tiep c t phng trnh tren nencan bien oi thanh phng trnh sau ay, ong thi ket hp phng phapth va sai:
2
Re.
7,18.2log.274,11
+=
g
c
fNd
f
PHNG TRNH NANG LNG TONG QUAT
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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86 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va Mc Adams e xac nhgia tr fg au tien , sau o thay vao phng trnh tren xac nhgia tr fc. Neu fc khong gan bang gia tr fg th gan fc va tnh
bang fg va tiep tuc tnh cho en khi nao gia tri fg va fc tngng vi nhau.
Neu 5.103 < NRE
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87 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Muon tnh toan dong chay trong ong khai thac, au tien phai biet nhng tnh
chat cua lu chat (he so the tch thanh he, ty so kh dau, van toc dong chay,
khoi lng rieng, o nht, he so nen ang nhiet, sc cang be mat,) se thayoi nh the nao trong ieu kien khai thac. ay la c s e tnh s chenh ap,
ton hao do ma sat trong ong khai thac.
Van toc lu chat
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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88 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc bieu kien mot pha: van toc dong chay ch 1 pha trong toan bo matcat cua ong.
Van toc thc: Khi mot lu chat di chuyen khong chiem toan bo mat cat cua
ong, th luc nay ton tai mot pha khac trong tiet dien cua ong. Do o van toc
thc luc nao cung ln hn van toc bieu kien. V vay, e tnh van toc thc cua
hon hp ta can quan tam en van toc bieu kien cua tng pha rieng biet. Vantoc hon hp la van toc cua cac pha. Can chu y rang, lu lng cua cac pha
thay oi tuy thuoc vao ap suat, nhiet o cua cac pha va v tr cua chung trong
ong khai thac. Do o, van toc tc thi cua lu chat la mot ham phu thuoc vao
ap suat, nhiet o, he so the tch thanh he, he so nen cua lu chat tai iem o.
V t kh bi ki
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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89 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc kh bieu kien Kh la lu chat nen c nen lu lng cua kh tai mot v tr trong ong
khai thac se bang lu lng kh tai ieu kien be mat chia cho he so thetch thanh he kh tai v tr o.
Trong o:
+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ Bg : he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)
+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen trongng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa tan trong dau.
A
Bq
A
qV
gscg
sg
.==
B
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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90 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Trong o:
+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)
+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ Bg
: he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)
+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)
Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyentrong ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoatan trong dau.
A
Bq
A
qV
gscg
sg
.==
Van toc dau bieu kien
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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91 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc dau bieu kiene xac nh van toc bieu kien cua dau can phai o c lu lng dau a
gian n ieu kien be mat:
Trong o:
+ vso : van toc dau bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q0 : lu lng dau khai thac (scf/s)
+ B0 : he so the tch thanh he dau (ft3/scf)
+ A : tiet dien ng ong (ft2)
Neu lu lng dau khai thac q0 la STB/ngay th van toc bieu kien cua dau:
AB
q
v so .0
0
=
AB
qvso
0
05.105,6
=
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
94/285
92 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc nc bieu kien
Trong o:
+ vsw
: van toc nc bieu kien (ft/s)
+ qw : lu lng nc khai thac (STB/ngay)
+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he nc (bbl/STB)
+ A : tiet dien ong (ft2).
A
Bq
vww
sw
..105,6 5=
V t h l bi ki
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
95/285
93 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc pha long bieu kien
Trong ong khai thac, nc va dau c xem co cung van toc do nc co khoi
lng rieng ln hn nhng bu lai nc co o nht thap hn dau. Do o van toc
long bieu kien bang tong van toc bieu kien cua nc va dau: vsl
= vso
+ vswHay
Vi: ql : lu lng pha long bao gom ca nc va dau.
Neu pha long bao gom ca dau, nc va nc ngng tu th:
4.
2d
qv lsl
=
4.
...
2
00
d
BqwqBqv
wgcw
sl
+=
+ wc : lng nc ngng tu (bbl/MMscf)+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac (ft)
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
-
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94 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Van toc hon hp bieu kien bang van toc long bieu kien va van toc khbieu kien:vm = vsl + vsg
Khoi lng rieng cua lu chat
Dong chay trong ong khai thac la dong chay cua hon hp cac pha,
do o e tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp, ta can tnh khoi lngrieng cua tng thanh phan: kh, dau va nc
Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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95 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:
Trong o:+ 0 : khoi lng rieng cua dau (lbm/ft3)+ Rs : ty so hoa tan kh dau (scf/STB)
0
00 .615,5
..0764,0.350B
Rsg +=
+ B : he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
-
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96 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ B0 : he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)+ 350 : khoi lng rieng cua nc ieu kien tieu chuan (lbm/STB).+ 0,0764 : khoi lng rieng cua khong kh ieu kien chuan (lbm/STB).+ 5,615 : he so chuyen oi (ft3/bbl).Khi ap suat ln hn hoac bang ap suat iem bot kh (p pb), khoi lngrieng cua dau co the xac nh theo phng trnh sau:
Trong o:
+ 0 : khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p
+ 0b : khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat pb
+ pb : ap suat iem bot kh+ C0 : he so nen ang nhiet nhiet o T (psia)
+ exp(x) = ex
( )[ ]bb ppC = 000 exp.
Khoi lng rieng cua nc
CAC TNH CHAT C BAN CUA LU CHAT
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97 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Khoi lng rieng cua nc
Trong o:
+ w : khoi lng rieng cua nc nhiet o T va ap suat p(lbm/ft3)
+ wsc : khoi lng rieng cua nc nguyen chat ieu kien tieuchuan =62,4 (lbm/scf)
+ w : ty trong nc
+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he nc (ft3/scf)
wwwwwscw BB /.4,62/. ==
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
H l h kh
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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98 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
He so lech kh
He so lech kh Z (hay con goi la he so nen kh) phu thuoc vaonhiet o gia giam (Tpr) va ap suat gia giam (ppr). Vi:
Tpr = T/Tpc; Tpr = p/ppc
Trong o:
+ Tpc va ppc: nhiet o va ap suat gia ti han (psia)
+ Tpc = yipci
+ ppc = yiTciVi:
+ yi : ty le mol cua thanh phan th i.+ Tci : nhiet o ti han cua thanh phan th i.+ pci : ap suat ti han cua thanh phan th i.
Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
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7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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99 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o
gia ti han va ap suat gia ti han theo phng trnh sau:
+ Tpc = 170,5 + 307,3.g
+ ppc = 709,6 58,7.g
Ty so hoa tan kh dau
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
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100 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Ty so hoa tan kh dau
Trong o:
+ T : nhiet o (0F)
+ C1, C2, C3 : hang so phu thuoc vao 0API
+ gc : ty trong kh chnh xac.
)]460/()(exp[... 312 += TAPICpCR cgcs
C h C C C h d 0API
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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101 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cac he so C1, C2, C3 theo ty trong dau 0API
23.931025.7240C3
1.18701.0937C2
0.01780.0362C1
0API> 300API 30Hang so
Ty trong kh cung co the c tnh theo cong thc sau:
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
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102 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Ty trong kh cung co the c tnh theo cong thc sau:
Trong o:
+ g : ty trong kh o c bnh tach
+ T : nhiet o bnh tach (0F)
+ p : ap suat bnh tach (psia)
+ API : ty trong theo o API
( )
+=
7,114log..10192,51
5 p
TAPIggc
H th t h th h h
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
105/285
103 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
He so the tch thanh he
He so the tch thanh he dau
p
TZBg
..0283,0=
( ) ( )
+
++=
gc
s
gc
s
APITRC
APITCRCB
60601 3210
0API> 300API 30Hang so
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
106/285
104 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
1.337*10-9-1.811*10-8C3
1.100*10-51.751*10-5C2
4.670*10-44.6778* 10-4C1
0API> 300API 30Hang so
Khi p > pb th Bo c xac nh:Bo= Bobexp[Co(pb-p)]
Trong o:
+ Bbo : he so the tch thanh he dau ap suat pb (bbl/STB)+ Co : he so nen ang nhiet cua dau (psi-1).
He so the tch thanh he nc
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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105 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
He so the tch thanh he nc
BWP = C1 + C2P + C3P2
Trong o
+ Bw : he so the tch thanh he cua nc bien (bbl/STB)
+ Bwp
: he so the tch thanh he cua nc nguyen chat (bbl/STB)
+ Y : nong o muoi trong nc
)101( 4+= XYBB wpw
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
108/285
106 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
81321068 1032,3.105,8()60().1095,11047,5)(60(.101,5 ++= pTpTpX
2751 .105,8.1035,69911,0 TTC
++=
21296
2 .1057,410497,310093,1 TC
+= 21513113 .1043,1.10429,6105 TTC
+=
Cac thong so cua dong chay hai phaTy le lu chat
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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107 PGS. TS. L Ph
c H
oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
y Ty le long
HL = (dien tch mat cat cha chat long)/(tong dien tch mat cat ong)H
L: 0 1
Neu bo qua s trt gia cac pha, ty le the tch long c xac nh nhsau
Chia t va mau cho tiet dien cua ong ta c
ggL Bqq
q
.1
1
+=
m
slL
VV=
Ty le kh
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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108PGS. TS. L Ph c H o
Cng ngh
khai thc d
u kh
Ty le khHg = (dien tch mat cat cha chat kh)/(tong dien tch matcat ong)Hay: Hg = 1 - HLNeu khong ke en hien tng trt, ty le kh c tnh nhsau:
Trong o:
+ ql : lu lng pha long tai ap suat, nhiet o tai v tr ang xet.
+ qg : lu lng pha kh tai ieu kien chuan.
lgg
gg
gqBq
Bq
+= .
.
oi vi dong chay bot kh:
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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109 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
oi vi dong chay bot kh:
oi vi dong chay nut khn
lg
g
dqq
q
2.233,0++
=
n
g
g
g
dqqd
qd
5,11 .0942,0.6023,0 ++
=
Khoi lng rieng hon hp dau va nc
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
112/285
110 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g g p- Khoi lng rieng cua pha long:
L = 0.f0 +w.fw
Trong o:
+ Ty le dau trong pha long:f0=q0/(q0+qw) .
+ Ty le nc trong pha long: fw = 1 f0.
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp the nang thayoi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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111 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
oi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:
s = L.HL + g.Hg
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp khong trt gia cac
pha c xac nh:
n = L.L + g.g
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp nham xac nh ton that ap suat va NREc tnh theo cong thc:
g
gg
L
LLk
HH
22 .. +=
Van toc kh bieu kien:
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
114/285
112 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Vsg=qg/A
Van toc thc cua kh:Vg=qg/AHg
Van toc long bieu kien:
Vsl=qL/A
Van toc thc cua pha long:
VL=qL/AHl
Van toc dong hon hp: sgsLm VVV +=
o nht hai pha (bo qua s trt)
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
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113 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
o nht hai pha co xet en s trt va o nht pha long
ggLLn .. +=
ggLLs HH .. +=
wwL ff .. 00 +=
Trong o
Sc cang be matSc cang be mat gia kh va nc, kh va dau phu thuoc vao ap suat,
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu c xac nh t thc nghiem
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114 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g g , p p ,nhiet o, trong lng cua dau, kh va lng kh khong hoa tan. Sccang be mat cua pha long c tnh:
Trong o:
+ 0 : sc cang be mat cua dau va kh.
+ w: sc cang be mat cua dau va nc
wwL ff .. 00 +=
PHNG TRNH GRADIENT AP SUAT CUA DONG CHAYHAI PHA TRONG ONG KHAI THAC
Phng trnh gradient ap suat cua dong chay hai pha
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115 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Trong gieng dau, khoi lng rieng cua lu chat ln,
chnh v the thanh phan ton that thuy tnh chiem ty leln, con trong gieng kh, kh di chuyen nhanh vi vantoc ln, v the thanh phan phan ton that do ma satchiem u the.
accfel dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
+
+
=
Thanh phan ton that trong cac gieng khai thac
% Ton that oi vi% Ton that oi viThanh phan
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116 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
0 100 10ong nang
30 6010 30Ma sat
20 5070 90The nang
(thuy tnh)
gieng khgieng dau
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ap nangoi vi dong chay nhieu pha trong ong, thanh phan ton that do s thay oi apnang la ln nhat (chiem 70 98%) tren toan bo ton that ap suat cua dongchay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeu
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117 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Trong o:
+ gc : he so ty le
+ hh : khoi lng rieng cua hon hp
+ : goc nghieng cua gieng
sin.. hhcel g
g
dl
dp=
chay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeuto.
Thanh phan ton hao do s thay oi the nang:
e tnh toan chnh xac khoi lng rieng cua hon hp th
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ap nang
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118 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
phai tnh en s trt gia cac pha.
Ton that ap suat do ap nang con c xac nh theo bieu
thc sau:
=
l
kg
anL
Hdldp
g
11
.1
Ton that ap suat do ma sat
Ton that ap suat do ma sat co the chiem t 1 30% tren tong gia tr ap suat cuadong chay nhieu pha trong ong va c tnh bang bieu thc sau:
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119 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g y p g g g
Trong o:
+ fhh : he so ma sat cua hon hp+ ns : khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trang thai khong trt
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac
+ Ghh : lu lng khoi lng cua hon hp
+ vhh : van toc chuyen ong cua hon hp
dgvGf
dgvf
dldp
c
hhhhhh
c
mns
f ..2....2 ..
2
==
Ton that ap suat do ma sat con c xac nh theo bieu thcsau:
Ton that ap suat do ma sat
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120 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
sau:
Trong o:
+ ql : lu lng the tch pha long+ qg : lu lng the thch pha kh
He so ma sat cua hon hp chat lu hai pha:
+=
l
gl
hh
msl q
q
d
q
fdl
dp
g 1.331,0.
15
2
l
g
hh
q
qf
fff
1
21
141,01 +
=
Trong o:f1= 0.11*NRE-0.266
N 0 5 A 1 0 h h f h h bi h
Ton that ap suat do ma sat
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121 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Neu: 0,5 A0 1,0 th he so f2 c tnh theo bieu thc sau:
Neu: A0 < 0,5 th f2 = 1,0 va khi A0 > 0,5 th f2 =0,2
Vi:
033,0826,0
0
2 =A
f
3 20
110 d
q
qfA
g=
gdd
.10 =
Vi la sc cang be mat gia hai pha long - kh (N/m)
( )
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang
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122 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
( )dL
dp
pg
vv
dL
dp
c
khhhh
dn
..
..=
( )
+
==
k
k
L
L
c
hhhh
c
hhhhhh
dn
G
dL
dG
dL
d
g
v
dLg
vdv
L
p
.
.
..
Gradient ap suat khi lu chat di chuyen t ay gieng len be mat trong ong khai thac
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang
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123 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Phng trnh c ban tnh toan ton that ap suat cua dong chay nhieu pha trong ong:
Hay
dLdp
pgvv
dgvGf
gg
dLdp
c
ghhhh
c
hhhhhhhh
c
..
....2..sin.. +=
pgvv
dg
vGf
g
g
dL
dp
c
ghhhh
c
hhhhhhhh
c
...1
..2..sin..
+
+
=
CAU TRUC DONG CHAY TRONG ONG KHAI THAC
Dong chay bot kh Dong chay dang nut kh
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124 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Dong chay chuyen tiep
Dong chay sng mu
Cac phng phap xac nh gradient ap suat
+ Phng phap Poettman va Carpenter
+ Phng phap Hagedon va Brown
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125 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ Phng phap Duns va Ros
+ Phng phap Orkiszewski
+ Phng phap Aziz, Govier va Fogarasi
+ Phng phap Chierici, Ciucci va Sclocchi
+ Phng phap Beggs and Brill
+ Phng phap Mona, Asheim
+ Phng phap Hassan va Kabir
DONG CHAY TRONG CAC BO PHAN CAN DONG
Mac du ton that ap suat chu yeu xay ra ay gieng, he thong ong khai thacva he thong thu gom nhng trong mot so gieng, ton that bo phan can
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126 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
dong cung chiem mot ty le ang ke. Cac bo phan can dong chu yeu la:
+ Van tiet lu be mat
+ Van an toan gieng sau
+ Goc van va goc ong
Van tiet lu be mat
Lu chat la khPhng trnh tong quat c xay dng bang cach ket hp phng trnh Bernoulli
va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti
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127 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti
han va cha ti han:
Trong o: + qsc: Lu lng kh
+ d: ng knh cua van
+ g: Ty trong kh
))(1
()(
))(( /1/2
11
21 kkk
g
nsc yy
k
k
ZT
dPCq +
=
+ P1: ap suat dong vao
+ P2: Ap suat dong ra
Van tiet lu be mat
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128 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ T1: Nhiet o dong vao
+ Z1: He so lech kh nhiet o T1 va ap suat p1
+ Psc: Ap suat tieu chuan
+ Tsc: Nhiet o tieu chuan
+ Cs, Cd, Cn : He so chuyen oi n v (Cn = Cs* Cd *Tsc /Psc)
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng (k=Cp /Cv)+ y: ty so ap suat dong ra va dong vao (y=p2 /p1)
Van tiet lu be mat
Khi lu lng dong kh at ti gia tr ti han, ty so ap suat (y=yc) va phuthuoc vao o k theo phng trnh sau:
y [2/(k+1)]k/(k 1)
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129 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
yc=[2/(k+1)]k/(k-1)
Trong trng hp van tiet lu ngan, dong chay ti han qua van co lo m
gan tron, cong thc lien he gia lu lung, ap suat dong vao va kch thc
van nh sau:
Thong thng ngi ta lay Cd =0,82 trong trng hp khong xac nh ccac so lieu cu the.
5,012
)(487,0
g
n
T
PdC
scq =
Van tiet lu be mat
Lu chat hai pha
Rpq
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130 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Trong o:
+ P1 :Ap suat dong vao (psia)
+ ql: Lu lng pha long (STB/d)
+ R: Ty so kh/ long (scf/stb)
+ d: ng knh van tiet lu (in)
a
cl
d
RpqP =1
Van an toan gieng sau (SSSV)
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han qua van antoan gieng sau:
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131 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ =d/D
+ Cd: Thng chon 0,9
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng cua kh
+ y: He so gian n
2241
42
11
6
21 )1(10.048,1yCdpqTzpp
d
scg =
Van an toan gieng sau (SSSV)
He so gian n y thay oi trong khoang 0,67-1 va thng ctnh bang phng phap lap vi gia tr gia nh ban au thng
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132 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g p g p p p g g g
la 0,85:
Trng hp dong chay hai pha qua van
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han
qua van an toan gieng sau:
5,0
1
214 ))(35,041,0(1kp
ppY
+=
d
mn
C
vpp
24
2110.087,1
=
Van an toan gieng sau (SSSV)
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133 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ n: Khoi lng rieng khong trt (lbm/ft3)
+ n = ll +gg+ vm: Van toc cua hon hp qua van
+ Cd = 0,233+8,4.10-4Nv+6,672-11,662+ Nv= qg /ql =(1- l)/l;
+ l=ql /(ql +qg);
+=d/Dvi d: ng knh cua van va D: ng knh trong ong khai thac;
d
Goc van va goc ong
fg
vKg
v
d
fLp22
22 ==
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134 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
fL/d = KL = Kd/f
Trong o:
+ D: ng knh ong tng ng;
+ f: he so ma sat cua dong chay trong ong
+ L: Chieu dai ong tng ng+ K: Phu thuoc vao loai van.
cc ggd 22
Bang hang so K theo loai van
KLoai van
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135 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
6-8Van chan
3-5Van cau
0,2-0,3Van goc
0,15Van ca
BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
QUY TRNH HON THI N GI NG
QUY TRNH HON THIN GING
1. Trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc
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137 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
2. Bn m va
3. Lp t thit b khai thc
4. Gi dng sn phm
CC CT NG CHNG
Cc loi ng (Tubulars)
-
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138 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
ng chng
Trung gianProductionCasing ng chngb mt ng chngnh hng
CHNG NG KHAI THC
Mt s b phn ca ng chng
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139 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
CC DNG C NH TM
-
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140 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
CC DNG C NO
-
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141 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
VNG XOY V GI TRM
-
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142 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
H CT NG CHNG KHAI THC
+ Cn h ct ng cng nhanh cng tt, nhng vn tc th ct ng cngb hn ch ty theo p lc d m n gy ln y v thnh ging khoan.
+ Khi h ct ng n y, c th iu chnh thnh phn dung dch tun
-
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143 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g y p g
hon ng thi thao tc nng th ct ng chng lm cho cc dng
c no thnh ging khoan hot ng. Vic tun hon dung dch dng
li khi:
- Dung dch khng cn nng mn khoan ln na
- Lng kh t v khng thay i
- Khng c hin tng mt dung dch v xm nhp ca cht lng
- Ton b th tch dung dch khoan tun hon l ng nht
QUY TRNH TRM XI MNG
Trm xi mng l t va xi mng thch hp trong khongkhng hnh xuyn gia thnh ging khoan v lp lt thnh
ging mt chiu su xc nh C nhiu cch trm xi mng
-
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144 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
ging mt chiu su xc nh. C nhiu cch trm xi mng
khc nhau:
- Trm xi mng lt thnh ging hoc ct ng
- Trm xi mng di psut gi l trm ln cht qua cc l c
thng ng
- t cc nt trm xi mng ging khoan trn
CC GIAION TRM XI MNG
- Trm xi mng s cp
- Trm xi mng hai tng
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145 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Trm xi mng ct ng chng lng
- p xi mng
- t cc nt trm xi mng
Khi tin hnh trm xi mng, cnch n nhng c tnh
ca xi mng v chn va xi mng ph hp.
BN M VA
Sau khi trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc, tng cha b ct
ng chng v vnh xi mng bt kn, nn phi tin hnh bn m
va.
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146 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Phng php bn m va ph bin nht l dng n n to psut
C th th thit b bn m va bng cp hoc cn khoan trc khi
lp t thit b lng ging khai thc, hay th sng bn m va bngcp vo trong ng khai thc, hoc gn trc tip vo u ct ng
khai thc. Phng php ny cho php tin hnh khai thc nu
dng chy c thit lp ngay sau qu trnh bn m va m khng
phi dp ging v sau lp t thit b khai thc lng ging
QUY TRNH BN M VA
Gm ba giai on:
1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm
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147 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm
2. Kch n
3. Dng cht lu t va chy vo ging
BN M VA
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148 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
BN M VA
-
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149 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
BN M VA
-
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150 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
V TR BN M VA
V tr bn m va thng c xc nh nh sau:
- Khi va cha du c tng nc y, nn m va phn
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151 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
trn (nc) ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du c m kh, nn m va phn gn y
ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du va c m kh v tng nc y, nn
m va phn gia ca i sn phm
LP T THIT B KHAI THC
- Sau khi hon tt cng vic bn m va, mt ct ngng knh nh (ct ng khai thc) s c lp vo
ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt
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152 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt
- Packerc t gia ct khai thc v ct ng chng
khai thc ngay trn nc tng sn phm gip cho chtlu khai thc chy t thnh h qua cc l bn m va
vo trong ct ng khai thc v i l n b mt.
LP T NG KHAI THC
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153 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
PACKER
-
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154 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
LP T U GING KHAI THC
u ging khai thc c lp t pha trn b u ngchng. Ct ng khai thc trong ging c treo t cy
thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo
-
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155 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo
ct ng khai thc vo cy thng khai thc.
Sn phm khai thc c th c kim sot nh cc vantit lu lp trn cy thng khai thc
LP T U GING KHAI THC
Cy thng khai thc (Christmas Trees)u ng khai thc v thit b treo(Tubing Heads and Hangers)
-
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156 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
LP T VAN TIT LU
Van tit lu (Beans and Chokes)
-
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157 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
HON THI N GI NG KHAI THC
NI DUNG
+ Phn loi+ Cc phng php hon thin
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159 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ Tnh ton thit k+ Dung dch hon thin ging
+ Bn mva+ Gi dng sn phm
PHN LOI
+ Theo s tng khai thc: n tng, a tng
+ Theo s cn khai thc: Cn n, cn i, cn ba
+ Theo b mt phn cch gia y ging v tng sn phm:
. Hon thin ging thn trn
-
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160 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
. Hon thin ging thn trn
. Hon thin ging vi ng lc v chn si
. Hon thin ging vi ng chng, trm xi mng v bn mva
+ Theo phng php khai thc:
. T phun
. Cc phng php chc:- Gaslift
- Bm ly tm in chm- Bm cn ht- Bm pittng thu lc
H S HON THIN GING
- tnh ton tn tht p sut gy rabi cng tc hon thin ging, h s
hon thin c b sung ging vo
Flowing WellheadPressure Horizontal Flowline
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
-
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161 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
phng trnh dng vo:
PR
Pwf
= A.q0
+ B.q0
2
PR2 Pwf2 = A.qsc + B.qsc2Flow ThroughPorus Media
P, K, IPR
Intake
Vertical or InclinedTubing
')/472.0[ln(.)(.00708.0
00
00
SrrBpphkqwe
wfr
+=
H S HON THIN GING
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162 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
A : h s chy tng
B : h s chy ri
')/472.0[ln(..)(.10.703 226
SrrTZ
pphkq
weg
wfrg
sc+
=
A = AR+ AP + AG
B = BR+ BP + BG
H S HON THIN GING
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163 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
AR, BR: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong vaAP, BP: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong l bn
AG, BG : cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong ln si
HON THIN GING THN TRN
- ng chng t trn nc ca tng sn phm, thnh hkhng trm xi mng v khng bn mva
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164 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Thch hp vi tng sn phm c chiu dy ln, cu to
bi loi cng, vng chc khng b sp l
- Cc u nhc im (tham kho C s khoan & khai
thc d u kh)
H THNG IM NT
1
3 P 3-1 = P wh - P sep )
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165 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
6 8
Node Location
1 Separator3 Wellhead6 Pwf8 Pr
P 6-3 = (P wf - P wh )
P 8-6 = (P r- P wf)
nh hng ca qu trnh hon thin ging n c tnhdng chy l lm thay i h s thm ca va do b
H S HON THIN GING
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166 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
nhim bn hoc c kch thch
i vi du: AR=
i vi kh: AR=
d
w
e
R
S
r
r
hk
B+
472.0[ln
.
.2.141
0
00
d
w
e
gR
gS
r
r
hk
TZ+
472.0[ln
.
..2.141
Sd = (kR/kd -1)ln(rd/rw)koR: thm khng i ca va i vi du
kgR: thm khng i ca va i vi kh
H S HON THIN GING
-
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167 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Sd: h s skin do thay i thm xung quanh gingkR: thm ca va
kD: thm ca vng nhim bn
rw: bn knh ging
rd: bn knh vng b nhim bn
Ta tnh BRt cc phng trnh sau:
i vi du: BR=R
rh
B
.
..103.22
020
14
H S HON THIN GING
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168 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
i vi kh: BR=
H s vn tc
w
w
gR
rh
TZ
.
...10161.32
12
2,1
101033.2
RR k
=
HON THIN BNG NG CHNG LNG, C LV LN SI
- Trong va trm tch, xi mng gn kt gia cc ht yu dn nn
ct s theo dng sn phm vo ging
-S dng ng chng lng c c l i din vi tng sn phm
- Vnh xuyn gia thn ging v ng lng c ln y ct th
-
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169 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
hn ct va
- Hu ht cc ging c ln si c thm cao do tnh khng
gn kt t nhin ca si ln
- Si ln lm gim tn tht p sut do vng nn p gy ra xung
quanh l lc
- Sau mt thi gian khai thc, tn tht p sut ca dng chy dc
theo nhng l lc b lp y ct s tng ng k
1
23
4
1A
1B
H THNG IM NT
-
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170 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
5
6 7 8
Node Location Remarks
1 Separator2 Surface Choke Functional3 Wellhead4 Safety Valve Functional5 Restriction Functional6 Pwf
7 Pwfs8 Pr1A Gas Sales1B Stock Tank
H S HON THIN GING
- i vi du: AG=
BG= 4200
214 .102.9
P
G
N
LB
200
....4.282
PG rNkLB
-
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171 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- i vi kh: AG=
N: tng s l bn BG=
kG: thm ca si ln
L: chiu di knh dn ca l bn
. PrN
2
..
..2844
PG
G
rNk
LZ
42
11
.
...10263.1
P
gG
rN
LTZ
55.,010747.1
G
Gk
=
Chiu di knh dn bng hiu gia bn knh gingkhoan v bn knh ngoi ca ng lc (hay bn knh
H S HON THIN GING
-
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172 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
ging khoan tr bn knh trong ca ng chng). phn tch cng tc hon thin ging bng ng lc c
ln si, cn tch hai thnh phn tn tht p sut trongva v tn tht dc theo lp si ln:
PR Pwf= PR- Pwfs + (Pwfs- Pwf)
Phng trnh biu din hai loi tn tht p sut ny
c dng:
i vi du: PR
- Pf
= AR
.q0
+ GR
.q0
2
H S HON THIN GING
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173 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
R wfs R 0 R 0Pwfs- Pwf= AG.q0 + BG.q02
i vi kh: PR2- Pwfs2 = AR.qsc + BR.qsc2
Pwfs2- Pwf2 = AG.qsc + BG.qsc2
HON THIN GING BNG NG CHNG, TRMXI MNG V BN MVA
- Chiu di ng chng khai thc c t sut thnh h v xi mng phi c
lp y khong khng vnh xuyn gia ng chng v thnh ging khoan
- Cho php chn la tng cn bn mva
- Dng cho ging su, thnh h yu v km bn vng
V t ht l h hi t b Hi
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174 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Vn quan trng nht l xc nh hiu sut bn mva. Hiu qu ca cngtc hon thin ph thuc vo: s lng l bn, kch thc v chiu su l bn ,
kiu l bn, gc pha
- S nn p ca thnh h xung quanh l bn sau khi bn va c th lm gimng k hiu qu hon thin ging
- Cn xc nh chnh xc khong bn mva, trnh cc vng c thnh h qu
yu hoc khng c sn phm, trnh dng cht lu khng mong mun chy vo
Hiu qu ca cng tc hon thin ging ph thuc vo c va v l
bn
PR Pwf (AR + AP) + (BR + BP) 02
H S HON THIN GING
-
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175 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
PR- Pwf= (AR+ AP) + (BR+ BP)q0
PR2 Pwf2 = (AR+ AP)qsc + (BR+ BP)qsc2
Thnh phn chy tng trong l bn bao gm nh hng ca mt
v kiu l bn, nh hng ca s nn cht xung quanh l bn.
Nhng nh hng ny c tnh n trong cc phng trnh:
Pwh
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs) = Loss in Porus Medium
P5
P8
P6
P DSV
P USV
Psep
P4
H THNG IM NT
-
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176 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
P1 (Pr Pwfs) Loss in Porus Medium P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf) = Loss across Completion P3 = (P UR - P DR ) = Loss across Restriction P4 = (P USV - P DSV ) = Loss across Safety Valve P5 = (Pwh - P DSC ) = Loss across Surface Choke P6 = (P DSC - Psep) = Loss in Flowline P7 = (Pwf - Pwh) = Total Loss in Tubing P8 = (Pwh - Psep) = Total Loss in Flowline
PwfsPwfP2
Pr
P UR
P DR
P3
P1
P
P7
i vi du: AP =
i vi kh: AP =
)0
00
(.
.2141dpP
RSShk
B
+
)(..2141
dpP
gR
gSS
hk
TZ+
H S HON THIN GING
-
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177 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Khi bit thm dc: SP =
h: chiu di tng cng ca va, ft
hp: chiu di khang bn mva, ft
kR thm ca va theo phng ngang, mdK: thm dc, md
.gR hk
2ln1
5.0
v
R
wP k
k
r
h
h
h
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
SdP=
h chiu dy tng cng ca va ft
P
dP
d
R
dP
R
P r
r
k
k
k
k
NL
hln
.
-
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178 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
h chiu dy tng cng ca va, ftLp chiu di l bn, ft
N: tng s l bn
kR: thm va, mdkdp: thm vng b nn p, md
rP: bn knh l bn, in
rdP: bn knh vng b nn p, in
- Phn tn tht p sut ln nht dc theo l bn l do
dng chy ri qua vng b nn p. Cc phng trnh:
020141032 BdP
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
-
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179 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+i vi du:BP =
+ i vi kh: BP =
+ H s vn tc:
22202014
....103.2
NLr
B
PP
dP
22
12
.....10161.3
NLr
TZ
PP
gdP
2.,1
10
1033.2dP
dPk
=
VA XI MNG
Ph thuc vo:
Nhit tnh y ging khoan quy nh thi gian ng cng (thigian c th bm phun xi mng)
Nhit tun hon y ging khoan (s lm thay i thi gian ngcng)
T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoanqua
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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180 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoanqua nht do ca va v c tnh lc ca n Cc thng s lu bin ca va Thi gian ng cng v gia tng bn chu nn bn ca xi mng v cc nhn t khc nhau c th lm h hi n
(nc va n mn, nhit cao)- Va s dng ch yu gm xi mng v nc, c thm mt s cht ph gia- Chng loi xi mng s dng tu thuc vo chiu su v nht l nhit
y ging khoan v c th tip xc vi nc va n mn- Cc loi xi mng v iu kin s dng (xem sch C s khoan v khai thcd u kh)
HIN TNG NGM NC CA XI MNG
- Qu trnh: bt u t thnh phn khan vi cc cht km n nh ri ti cc chtn nh hn.
- Khi lng nc khng , cc thnh phn ny kt tinh li v to ra s ho tan
mi ca cc thnh phn khan. Nh vy s xy ra s lin kt dn dn ca cc
ti h th h h ki h khi t b h th
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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181 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
tinh th hnh kim cho n khi ng cng ton b h thng.
- Mt s yu t tc ng n s ngm nc ca xi mng:
Nhit : nh hng rt ln n vn tc ngm nc ca xi mng. Khi
nhit tng s lm gim thi gian ng cng xi mng
p lc: s ngm nc tng theo p lc
SNHIM BN
- Xy ra trong qu trnh trn vi nc dng hoc trn ln vi cc
cht lng c trong ging khoan
- Mi s thay i tnh cn bng trong pha c nc do b sung m
khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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182 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc
ng n vic ngm nc ca xi mng nh NaOH, Na2CO3
Na2SiO3 lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng (kh c th d onc)
CC CHT PH GIA
- Cht lm ng nhanh: lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng xi mng nhit
thp hoc khc phc hiu ng lm ng chm ca cc cht ph gia khc, cho php
gim thi gian ch i trc khi khoan tip
- Cht lm ng chm: lm chm qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng, tng thi gian
bm va khi nhit y ging cao hoc hiu ng ca cht ph gia khc c nguy
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
185/285
183 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
y g g g p g g yclm gim ng k thi gian bm va vo ging
- Cht lm nh: khi trn vi xi mng th gy hiu ng lm gim t trng va ng
thi gim gi thnh nhng nh hng n thi gian ng cng v sc khng nnca xi mng nn phi khc phc bng cc cht ph gia thch hp
- Cc cht kim sot lc: lm va khng mt nc do lc qua cc tng thm
nhng c th gy ra s ng cng khng ng lc hoc ng cng do thiu nccn thit thu phn v kt tinh cc thnh phn ca xi mng
C L NG CHNG TRONG GING
C th s dng 1 trong 4 phng php sau:+ n
+ Mn (n lm)
-
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184 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ Mn (n lm)+ Tia xuyn
+ Tia thu lc - ct
C BNG N
Loi n c tc dng bn tng lot: to p lc 700KG/cm2
v nhit lm vic l 1270C Loi nccha thuc n nhm gia tng kh nng c
mv hiu qu bn va dy
Loi nc tcdng bn ni tip: gim tc ng cap lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bin
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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185 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Loi nc tcdng bn ni tip: gim tc ng cap lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bindngvnt v
Loi cc tcdng bn tch bit: ch bn tng vin
theo th t nh. Loi n ny c s dng bnva sn phm mng v gia chng c xen k bi cctng cha nc hoc cha st
c bng n c s dng cho t khng qu cng vvnh xi mng xung quanh ng chng yu
C BNG MN HAY N LM
- Loi n lm khc vi cc loi n k trn l thay th u nbng u lm (ng li) c tc dng n chm
- u n lm phng ra c ct ng chng v vnh trm xi mng
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
188/285
186 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
p g g g gri tip tc i su vo va n v to thnh nhng khe rnh ph
Bn mn nhng lp t cht st v c thm thp
C BNG TIA XUYN
- c bng tia xuyn, cht to n v c sc xuyn rt mnh
- Vn tc ca nhng tia n khong 8000- 10000 m/s vi p lc
khong 300 triu KG/cm2
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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187 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g
- Loi tia xuyn cho php to nhng khe su vo va nn bo m
tng thm
S dng tt nht cho loi cng, thm km.
C BNG TIA THY LC - CT
- Nc trn ct c tnh mi mn cao c bm qua vi phun ca tht b vi p
sut t 1500- 3000 KG/cm2
- Ming ca thit b phun ct c ch to t hp k im r t cng chng mi
mn. ng knh ca vi phun khong 3 6 mm
- Ct c ng knh t 0.2 1.2 mmT l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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188 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- T l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)
- Vn tc c l ct ng chng v t 0.6 0.9 mm/s
-K h ibn thu lc ct, thit b ming ging khi lm vic phi t ti 70 MPa v
my bm trm xi mng c cng sut ln p hn hp cht lng ct
- Nhc im ca phng php bn tia thu lc c t l cn khi lng thit b
k thut c cng sut ln v cng tc chun b v tin hnh trn quy m ln, s
lng ngi tham gia nhiu nn chi ph rt cao (t c p dng)
GI DNG SN PHM V QU TRNH KHI NGGING
Ph thuc vo cc yu t:+ su ca ging v p sut ca va
+ Tnh cht ca du hoc kh c trong va
-
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189 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g+ c tnh vt l ca t v mc bn vng ca
chng v cu trc ging.+ Thit b k thut sn c
CC PHNG PHP
+ Gim t trng ct dung dch trong ging bng cch thay
dung dch nh hn nh nc, du, cht lng to bt, cht lng
ngm kh
+ H ht l t i h kh h
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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190 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
+ H mc cht lng trong ging: nhmy nn kh hoc my
bm su, pittng hoc gu mc
+ Kt hp c 2 phng php
(xem C s khoan v khai thc d u kh)
BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
GI NG A NHNH
-
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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc HoEmail : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GI NG A NHNH
NOI DUNG
Tong quan ve gieng a nhanh Phn loai ging a nhanh
Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh
-
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192 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh Ket luan
Khai niem
Gieng a nhanh (multilateral well) gom mot thangieng chnh vi nhieu nhanh phat trien va keo dait than gieng chnh
Than gieng chnh (thang ng hoac nam ngang) cong knh ln se c khoan en chieu sau xac h
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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193 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
gnh
Cac gieng nhanh c khoan nh hng xuat phat
t than gieng chnh en chieu sau thiet ke, co thecung nam trong 1 thanh he hay trong nhng tangsan pham khac nhau
Gieng a nhanh co the la s ket hp gia giengkhoan nh hng va gieng khoan ngang
Minh hoa cua gieng a nhanh
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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194 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Lch s hnh thanh va phat trien gieng a nhanh
Cac ky s khoan cua Nga a th
nghiem gieng a nhanh au tien tnhng nam 1950.- Ngay nay, vi nhng he thong
chuan giup xac nh chinh xac cacoi tng ap dung cong nghe khoan
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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195 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
oi tng ap dung cong nghe khoangieng a nhanh, s tien bo cua
cong nghe che tao vat lieu, ky thuathoan thien, s thong nhat ve cachphan loai a a cong nghegieng a nhanh tr nen rat phobien tren toan the gii. Mat cat ng cua gieng a
nhanh au tien tren the gii
Li ch cua gieng a nhanh
Li ch ve ky thuat
- Tang s tiep xuc vi va
- Tang o lien thong gia cac va b cach ly
- Tang hieu suat quetGi h h h h
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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196 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Giam s hnh thanh mu nc
- Giam hien tng sinh cat
- Tham do hieu qua vung co cau truc a chat phc tap
- Giam thieu cac yeu to tac ong moi trng
Li ch cua gieng a nhanh
Li ch ve kinh te
- Co the c phat trien t gieng thong thng san co
- oi vi cac gieng khoan tren at lien, giam dien tch vathiet
b be mat
-
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197 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- oi vi cac gieng khoan ngoai bien, giam so lng subsea,giam trong lng va cong suat cho cac cong trnhbien
- Chuyen cac mo can bien thanh cac mo thong thng
- Giam chi ph van hanh va phat trien mo
Kho khan thng gap
Kho khan ve ky thuat
- Ky thuat khoan va hoan thien gieng phc tap
- Mot so loai gieng khong phu hp cho cong tac can thiepgieng ve sau: lam sach, kch thch, kiem soat cat
- Kiem soat gieng trong qua trnh khoan va khai thac phctap
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
200/285
198 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
tap
- Nhay cam oi vi at a khong ong nhat va d hng
Kho khan ve kinh te- Chi ph khoan gieng ban au cao hn so vi gieng ngang,
va gieng thong thng
- Xac suat rui ro cao hn gieng thong thng- Phai xac nh va la chon oi tng thch hp
oi tng ung dung cua gieng a nhanh
- Cac va dau nang- Cac va co o tham thap va cac khe nt t nhien
- Cac i phan lp hay nhng thanh he khong ong nhat
- Cac va b cach ly thanh tng ngan
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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199 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
y g g
- Cac va ve tinh
Nhng van e can can nhac khi la chon giai phapkhoan va hoan thien gieng a nhanh
- La chon he thong gieng a nhanh thch hp- Phan tch nhng rui ro co the xay ra
- Cong nghe khoan nh hng
- Nhng van e trong ieu hanh thi cong gieng
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
202/285
200 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Tnh on nh va ac iem cua at a trong thanh henhanh khoan gieng
- Anh hng tnh bat ong nhat va bat ang hng cuahanh he
- Ky thuat hoan thien gieng phu hp
- D oan ve dong san pham trong toan bo gieng anhanh
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Phan loai theo mc o phc tapDa theo mc o phc tap cua gieng (ni tiep xuc giathan chnh va than nhanh) th he thong gieng a nhanh
c chia lam 6 cap o:
-
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201 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cap 1 : ca than gieng chnh va than nhanh eu lagieng than tran, khong co ong loc lng hoac au noi renhanh
Gieng c s dung trong thanh he co ket vng chac,
ac biet la tai ni re nhanh. Kha nang can thiep vaogieng va kiem soat dong chay la rat han che
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
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Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Cap 3 : Ve c ban tng t nh loai gieng cap 2, nhng nhanh
ben cung chong ong nhng khong tram xi mang.- Ong chong lng hay ong loc c a vao nhanh ben va neotrong than chnh nh au treo ong chong lng
- Loai gieng nay khong co kha nang cach ly mot cach chu ong
-
7/29/2019 Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi
205/285
203 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
gia than chnh va than nhanh, nhng no ket noi kha hieu quagia than nhanh va than chnh so vi loai gieng cap 2
- Loai gieng nay thch hp e khai thac ket hp cac tangcarbonate hay cac thanh he cat ket
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Cap 4 : Than gieng chnh va than nhanh eu c chongong va tram xi mang
- Ong chong lng trong than nhanh c tram xi mang lien
vao than chnh tao o ben c hoc rat caoL i i h h h h h
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204 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Loai gieng nay thch hp cho cac tang san pham co ap suatthap
- Gieng cap 4 khong co kha nang ngan cach ap suat, nhngco the can thiep vao gieng chnh lan nhanh ben thuan li
hn
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Cap 5: Loai gieng nay la s ket hp cua gieng cap 3 va 4
- Co cac thiet b cach ly ap suat tai ni tiep xuc gia ong
chong trong than chnh va ong lng than nhanh
- Loai gieng nay thch hp cho khai thac cac tang san pham
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205 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
rieng biet co ap suat cao hay iem re nhanh nam trong tang
san pham can co nhng thiet b ngan ap suat hay phan tachchat lu va tap chat c hoc trong va
- Kha nang can thiep vao gieng la de dang
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Cap 6: Loai gieng nay co kha nang ngan cach ap suat bangchnh ban than ong chong c tram xi mang cach ly ma
khong s dung cac thiet b hoan thien
-Loai gieng cap 6 thch hp cho cac va can ngan ap suat vi
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206 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
-Loai gieng cap 6 thch hp cho cac va can ngan ap suat vi
ong chong co ng knh ln, tai nhng vung bien sau- o chenh ap tai au re nhanh se rat khac nhau, phu thuoc
vao kieu cung nh kch thc cua au noi
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Cap 6S : la loai gieng co mc phc tap cao hn cap 6
- Dung thiet b au noi re nhanh ac biet chia than gieng
chnh ng knh ln thanh 2 than gieng nhanh nho hn vaco kch thc bang nhau
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207 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
- Ve mat cau truc hoan thien gieng th cap 6S co o phctap cao nhat. Nhng ben canh o cap 6S lai co kha nang
cach ly ap suat va thuy lc cao nhat
Phan loai gieng a nhanh
Phan loai theo chc nang
- Da vao 2 yeu to: cac mo ta ve than gieng va mo ta au
noi - Cach phan loai nay mo ta ve nhng ac tnh ky thuat
cua than gieng chnh va than gieng nhanh
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208 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cac bo dung cu o
Thiet b o log trong khi khoan (LWD)
Thiet b nay o cac thong so ve a chat, ac tnh vatly cua at a thanh he ang khoan qua (o bao hoahydrocacbon, thanh phan thach hoc)
So lieu LWD c dung e anh gia tr lng va, chatlng thanh he
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209 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
g
Thiet b o trong khi khoan (MWD)
Thiet b nay o cac thong so nh: goc phng v, gocnghieng, goc doc Hai thong so c ban la goc phngv va goc nghieng cua lo khoan se giup ieu chnh
choong khoan i theo quy ao a thiet ke mot cachhieu qua
Cau truc cua bo dung cu ay
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210 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
CONG NGHE
HOAN THIEN GIENG A NHANH
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Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc HoEmail : [email protected]
Tel : 84-8-8654086
Khai niem va ac iem
Hoan thien gieng bao gom nhng cong tac noi tiep nhau ke
t khi ket thuc qua trnh khoan en khi co the a gieng vaokhai thac. Nhng cong tac c ban bao gom:
Chong ong khai thac en v tr thiet ke tai noc tang
san pham Tram xi mang vao oan ong chong a at
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212 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Tram xi mang vao oan ong chong a at
Lap at cac thiet b cong nghe can thiet phuc vu chocong tac khai thac
Goi dong san pham, tao kenh dan cho chat lu t va
chay vao ay gieng vi lu lng thch hp
Cac phng phap hoan thien gieng a nhanh
Cac phng phap va thiet b hoan thien thong thng
- Trong hoan thien gieng a nhanh th viec hoan thien cac nhanh bencung rat quan trong. Co 3 phng phap e hoan thien cac than nhanhcua gieng a nhanh ket hp vi he thong cac au noi re nhanh:
Than nhanh ben co the c hoan thien than tran Chong ong va tram xi mang va ban m va ong chong
hi i kh i h l l i l h i
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213 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Hoan thien vi cac ong khai thac uc lo co li loc chen soi
- Ngay nay trong hau het cac gieng a nhanh, moi lien ket gia thannhanh va than chnh eu da tren chat lng cua xi mang tram e taonen nhng s ket noi tot vi kha nang cach ly cao.
- Khi hoan thien gieng ket hp s dung nhng he thong au noi re
nhanh nay th se tranh c hien tng suy giam ng knh trong theocac cap ong chong va khai thac
Cac phng phap hoan thien gieng a nhanh
Vi nhng gieng co than gieng nhanh nho hn hoac bang 6
inch th he thong thiet b hoan thien gieng bao gom:
He thong ban m lo tren ong chong van hanh thong
qua coiled tubing au treo ong lng
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214 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
au treo ong lng
Packer khai thac Thiet b kiem soat dong chay
Cac phng phap hoan thien gieng a nhanh
He thong ban m va: nhng manh vun cua qua trnh ban m va co the
giam o tham hieu dung dan en viec han che dong chay. Vi viec sdung he thong ban m va di can bang c tha bang tubing 2 1/8inch se giam thieu kha nang lam nhieu ban tang san pham.
Kiem soat dong chay : he thong bao gom cac ong trt (sliding sleeves),nipple, va cac nut can van hanh tren tubing hay coiled tubing vi apsuat va nhiet o len en 10.000 psi va 450oF. Cac thiet b nay co the at
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215 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
p y tai bat c v tr nao trong than nhanh va co the thu hoi c
Thiet b loc cat : co the lap at trong cac than nhanh nam ngang, thangieng nhanh co ban knh cong nho, phuc hoi hay x ly gieng
Mot so thiet b hoan thien than nhanh tien tien
Expandable Completion Liner (ECL)
- Tang tnh on nh cua thanh gieng, tao kha nang cach ly va x ly cuc bo nhngoan gieng xac nh.- Cho phep can thiep vao gieng vi kha nang quan ly va hieu qua hn.- ECL c ket hp vi he thong treo ong lng (Liner Hanger System) va da trennguyen tac gian n ong nh ap suat thuy lc. ECL co the gian n trong khoang t2 7/8 inch cho en 5 inch tuy theo ong chuan ban au.- Viec ng dung ECL trong khai thac la giam c lng nc va xam nhap vatang san lng khai thac
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216 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
tang san lng khai thac-Thiet b ECL thch hp cho cac gieng a nhanh co ng knh nho (van hanh
kho khan hn so vi gieng thong thng)- ECL s dung trong gieng a nhanh khong b gii han bi chieu sau va o daicua than nhanh trong tang san pham. He thong ECL giup cc ai hoa ngknh trong cua cac thiet b khai thac, nh vay toi u hoa c qua trnh khai thacsau nay
Mot so thiet b hoan thien than nhanh tien tien
EXPressTM Expandable ScreenS
He thong thiet b cua Baker Hughes giup tiet kiem chi ph hoan thien gieng anhanh. ExpressTM ap dung trong gieng a nhanh than tran se giup cho gieng conhng ac tnh ky thuat nh la gieng c chong ong suot va tram xi mang. Hethong ac biet nay ket hp ong loc cat co kha nang gian n (expandable sandcontrol isolation) vi au noi cach ly cuc bo ng vi kha nang gian n (solid
expandable zonal isolation) va cung c tha vao ay than gieng nhanh.u iem cua he thong nay la:
Ch so san pham khai thac tot hn
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217 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
p Tang tuoi tho cho gieng
Ngan nga s h hai cua thanh he Giam dong chay va giam ap trong vanh xuyen Tang o ben va o on nh cua thanh gieng Co the hoan thien gieng vi ng knh trong ln hn nen gieng a
nhanh khai thac se hieu qua hn, tao kha nang cach ly cuc bo Co the s dung dung dch hoan thien gieng goc dau hay goc nc
Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh cac cap
Gieng cap 1: vao nhng nam 1980, khi cong nghe khoan ngang phat
trien th kieu hoan thien gieng a nhanh cap 1 tr nen pho bien. Khongcan cac thiet b m ca so ong chong, ong lng, cac thiet b kiem soatdong chay khai thac va cung khong c tram xi mang.
Gieng cap 2: kieu hoan thien gieng cap 2 thong dung nhat la at ong
trt (sliding sleeve) gia packer nh hng va packer th hai pha trenv tr re nhanh- Kha nang tach dong t cac gieng nhanh cung la u iemcua kieu hoan thien nay
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218 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
cua kieu hoan thien nay.
- Neu can kha nang can thiep vao cac nhanh th thay v s dung ongtrt co the s dung nipple. Thiet b nay lam oi hng trong ong khaithac se c at trong nipple nay (hnh a). Coiled tubing sau o co thelam viec thong qua nipple e phuc vu cong tac sa gieng.
Ngoai ra co the s dung mang xien flow through va ong lng co nhngranh dai c at nhanh tren thong ca so ong chong (hnh b).
Hoan thien gieng cap 2
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219 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh cac cap
Gieng cap 3: ong chong lng c tram
xi mang va c noi vao than giengchnh a chong ong va tram xi mangcung vi mang xien, sau o tien hanhra gieng va thu hoi mang xien.
- Cac than nhanh c hoan thienbang cac he thong cho phep can thiep
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220 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oCng ngh khai thc d u kh
vao gieng hay he thong ong trt co
cung ac tnh ky thuat nh gieng cap 2pha tren.
- Quy trnh tram xi mang va ra ong
chong lng la mot phan trong quy trnhlap at he thong au noi re nhanh
Cong nghe hoan thien gieng a nhanh cac cap
Gieng cap 4 : e hoan thien gieng a nhanh cap 4 gom 2 nhanh rieng
biet, 1 packer cach ly c at trong ong chong lng cua than nhanh-Thiet b hoan thien re nhanh 2 than kep (dual-bore diverter tool) cat tren packer nh hng
- 1 nhanh cua thiet b gan vi packer nh hng trong than giengchnh, nhanh con lai hng vao than nhanh va noi vao packer cach lythuy lc
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221 PGS. TS. L Ph c H oC