Download - Concept of Problem-Based Learning
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interactive session
with
Prof Dr Edariah Abu Bakar Head of MEQAR & PARASITOLOGY
FMDH, UPNM Hotline: 107 333 4408
e-mail: [email protected]
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the learning that results from the process
of working toward the understanding
or resolution of a problem.
Startpoint = a ‘problem’
(on PBL topic) (not a lecture!)
Prof Edariah
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• ability to USE knowledge is more critical than
ability to store knowledge
Prof Edariah
• Acquire relevant Knowledge
• Develop useful Skills
• Emulate right Attitudes
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• Pioneered by McMaster U (Medicine) • whole McMaster • other medical schools • non-medical professions:
- Health Sciences
- Non-Health
● Schools!
Prof Edariah
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* focus on
reasoning
critical thinking
use / process knowledge
Prof Edariah
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• thinking skills solve problems
Skills
Prof Edariah
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• a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without help to:
• recognize their own learning needs • formulate their own learning goals • identify their own learning resources • choose & implement their own learning strategies • evaluate their learning outcomes …Knowles, 1975
Prof Edariah
LEARNER ACTIVE
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Skills Attitude
• team spirit/skills
• leadership skills
• communication skills
Prof Edariah
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SMALL
group
☻Scribe (power of the pen!)
☻Members ☻Group leader ☻Facilitator
Prof Edariah resources
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Problem situation (trigger)
Read-Discuss ASK QUESTIONS
ID problem Hypothesize Enquire
Learning Issues
Share knowledge (Present + Discuss)
Info search
ENQUIRY (SDL/DSL)
MechanismMapping MINITEST
Prof Edariah
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problem situation
problem analysis (terms, clues)
IDENTIFY PROBLEM
generate hypotheses
enquiry (px, study)
review hypotheses
ANSWER questions ± solution of problem
enquiry (px, study)
Prof Edariah
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Feraslah, a college student, was brought to the Emergency Unit of HKL because of abdominal pain.
On physical examination, Dr Kwek found her writhing in pain.
Her abdomen was tender in the right iliac fossa, especially at McBurney’s point. Other systems were normal.
Ask questions: What? Where? Why? How? etc?...
Feraslah, a college student, was brought to the Emergency Unit of HKL because of abdominal pain.
On physical examination, Dr Kwek found her writhing in pain.
Her abdomen was tender in the right iliac fossa, especially at McBurney’s point. Other systems were normal.
READ (aloud)
Prof Edariah
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FACTS (case)
IDEAS (QUESTIONS,
problems,hypotheses…)
FILIchart
LEARNING ISSUES
Scribe
Prof Edariah
flipchart
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FACTS
(case)
IDEAS
(Qs, problems, hypotheses,etc)
LEARNING ISSUES
- Feraslah
- student
- female
- 20s
- pain/abdomen
- tender RIF, esp McBurney’s point
- etc
PROBLEM:
Pain in abdomen - Pain: what? why? how?
- abdomen?
- organs in abdomen?
- RIF?
- McBurney’s point?
Why is px having pain?
HYPOTHESES:
? Infection
? Inflammation
? Tumor
Of organs in abd eg:
? stomach
? duodenum, small gut
?? pancreas, liver, ? etc
How do we feel pain?
(mechanism)
• new / review TERMS
• PAIN: - vs tender
- mechanism
• Diseases involving
abdominal organs
Step 1: Identify learning issues
Prof Edariah
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………… Dr Kwek performed an appendectomy, where he had to cut through many layers of the abdominal wall to remove the offending organ.
The resected organ (Foto A) was sent to the Pathology Lab to confirm his clinical diagnosis.
The pathologist examined tissue sections of the organ (Foto B).
………… Dr Kwek performed an appendectomy, where he had to cut through many layers of the abdominal wall to remove the offending organ.
The resected organ (Foto A) was sent to the Pathology Lab to confirm his clinical diagnosis.
The pathologist examined tissue sections of the organ (Foto B).
READ Ask questions: What? Where? Why? How? etc?...
Prof Edariah
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Foto A
Foto B
Prof Edariah Prof Edariah
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1 ID learning issues
2 Seek knowledge
3 Share knowledge
Prof Edariah
4 Mind Map & Assessment
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FACTS
(case)
IDEAS
(problems, hypotheses,etc)
LEARNING ISSUES
- Feraslah
- student
- female
- 20s
- pain/abdomen
- tender RIF, esp McBurney’s point
- etc
Problem:
Pain in abdomen - Pain: what? why? how?
- abdomen?
- organs in abdomen
- RIF?
- McBurney’s point?
Hypotheses:
? Where is source of pain:
? organs in abd eg:
? stomach
? duodenum, small gut
? large gut
? pancreas, ? etc
How is pain caused?
(mechanism)
•TERMS
•PAIN: - vs tender
- mechanism
•ABDOMEN: - ? what
- surface anatomy – ? organs/structures
- ? RIF
- ? McBurney’s point
Step 1: Identify Learning Issues
Prof Edariah
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Ezry
Aida
Nurul
Shimri Fara
Elan Nani
Step 2: Seek knowledge (SDL)
SHARE load of seeking knowledge
USE your RESOURCES: • library: books, journals • internet • seniors • subject experts • etc
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Men in Black learning from Girls in Brown
Peer Teaching in PBL
Step 3: Share knowledge
Prof Edariah
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Step 4: Mechanism Mapping Minitest & Feedback
Prof Edariah
Eg by expert Eg by students
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PBL: STUDENT EVALUATION GUIDELINES
Mark
(0-2)
A: ATTENDANCE AND PUNCTUALITY
2 Present and punctual / early
1 Present but slightly late (1-10 minutes)
0 Present but very late (more than 10 minutes)
0 Absent without reason /acceptable reason ( fails PBL/SGS/ECE)
- Absent with acceptable reason (MC / letter to HOD)
Mark
(1-8)
B: PARTICIPATION / DISCUSSION
0 No verbal participation (even after prompting) & NOT interested eg sleeping.
(Make sure student is NOT SICK)
1-2 No verbal participation (even after prompting) but shows interest.
(Make sure student is NOT SICK)
3 Inappropriate participation (bad attitude eg disruptive / arrogant / rude / etc) – NOT
typical of UPNM students.
4
(pass)
Some participation on prompting only.
5-7 Moderate - Active Participation
8
(perfect
score)
Only in EXCEPTIONAL cases (PERFECT SCORE!)
Failure is mainly due to BAD ATTITUDE (absent / bad behavior)
Avoid giving PERFECT mark (except in EXCEPTIONAL cases)
Avoid FRACTIONS (eg ¼ or 0.5 mk)
Prof Edariah
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PBL Discussion + Minitest => n% of CTX
DISCUSSION (Sessions 1 & 2)
A. ATTENDANCE & PUNCTUALITY = 2 marks (max)
B. PARTICIPATION / DISCUSSION = 8 marks (max)
A. TFQ (True/False Q) = 5-10 Q
MINITEST (10-15 MCQs) (Session 3)
B. ARQ (Assertion & Reasoning Q) = 0 – 5
C. BRQ (Best Response Q) = 0-5
FAILURE mainly due to BAD ATTITUDE
Prof Edariah
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STUDENT FEEDBACK
Routine Activity
Prof Edariah
Q-forms
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• Conventional * PBL • ROTE learning * THINKING
memorizing understanding • teacher-fed * student-discovery
via lectures via problems • teacher student * dynamic team work teacher-active student-active • teacher-dependent * self-reliant • teachers dictate * teachers facilitate • LARGE group * small group
Prof Edariah
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• PBL = powerful tool for students to learn: - how to learn }
- how to think } to - how to be independent } SURVIVE & - how to work in a team } THRIVE - how to communicate }
● Needs a facilitator (not a spoonfeeder)
• Needs commitment from every player
Prof Edariah
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Can YOU rise up to the CHALLENGE ?
Prof Edariah
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The only STUPID question
is the question NOT ASKED!
Dr Green of ER
There’s no such thing as
a stupid question…
Prof Edariah