Download - Computer Consciousness Creativity
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RAY KURZWEIL: The Singularity
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NEILS BOHR:
“You’re not thinking, - you’re just being
logical!”
ROGER PENROSE:
Algorithms for intuition and common
sense?
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ANTONIO DAMASIO:
The importance of a body
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CONSCIOUSNESS AS A PROPERTY OF ‘MERE’
COMPLEXITY…
Simple brains vs. complex computers
Human brain non-computational
Importance of a body
The qualitative dimension of diverse neurochemicals
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THE TURING TEST….
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STUART SUTHERLAND:
A computer would be conscious when it ran
off with his wife…
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WHAT IS THE BASIS OF HUMAN UNIQUENESS?
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DEVELOPING A MIND…
Newborn 3 Months 15 Months 2 Years
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EXPERIENCES LEAVE THEIR MARK ON THE
BRAIN...
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A. Pascual-Leone, et al., J Neurophysiology 74 (1995):1037-1045
Control
Physical Practice
Mental Practice
‘THINKING IS…
MOVEMENT CONFINED TO THE BRAIN’
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AN ‘ENRICHED’ ENVIRONMENT…
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Standard ‘Enriched’
EFFECTS OF AN ‘ENRICHED’ ENVIRONMENT
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CONNECTIONS GIVE EVER DEEPER MEANING
OVER TIME…
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THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE MIND IS THE
PERSONALISATION OF THE BRAIN THROUGH UNIQUE
DYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS OF NEURONAL
CONNECTIONS,
DRIVEN BY UNIQUE EXPERIENCES
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LOSING THE MIND...
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Arousal Addiction Reward
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THE CASE OF PHINEAS GAGE:
Damage to Prefrontal Cortex
Led to Excessive Recklessness
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Research Article Inverse Association Between BMI and Prefrontal Metabolic Activity In Healthy Adults
Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N, Logan J, Wong C,
Thanos PK, Ma Y, Pradhan K.
How to cite: Obesity (2009) Inverse Association Between BMI and Prefrontal Metabolic Activity In Healthy Adults. (1):60-5. doi:
10.1038/oby.2008.469. Epub 2008 Oct 23.
Research Article Decision-Making in Obesity: A Study using the Gambling
Pignatti R, Bertella L, Albani G, Mauro A, Molinari E, Semenza C.
How to cite: Eat Weight Disord. (2006) Decision-Making in Obesity: A Study using the Gambling
11(3):126-32
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WITHOUT
SCHIZOPHRENIA
WITH
SCHIZOPHRENIA
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A COMMON FACTOR:
The Press of the Senses?
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Having a sensational time
Letting yourself go…
UNDER-ACTIVE PREFRONAL CORTEX...
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‘MEANINGLESS’
PREFRONTAL UNDER-FUNCTION?
Strong feelings
Sensory
Here-and-now
External stimuli dominant
Little ‘meaning’
Reduced sense of self
No time-space
Infants and children
More
‘MEANINGFUL’
PREFRONTAL ACTIVATION?
Thinking dominates
Cognitive
Past / present / future
Internal stimuli dominant
Personalised ‘meaning’
Strong sense of self
Clear time-space reference
Older children and adults
Less
TWO BASIC MODES FOR THE HUMAN BRAIN
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‘MEANINGLESS’
PREFRONTAL UNDER-FUNCTION?
Strong feelings
Sensory
Here-and-now
External stimuli dominant
Little ‘meaning’
Reduced sense of self
No time-space
Infants and children
More
‘MEANINGFUL’
PREFRONTAL ACTIVATION?
Thinking dominates
Cognitive
Past / present / future
Internal stimuli dominant
Personalised ‘meaning’
Strong sense of self
Clear time-space reference
Older children and adults
Less
TWO BASIC MODES FOR THE HUMAN BRAIN
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In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did
not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves
with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing
mundane external activities much more, and that many
preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead
of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to
prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that
something is negative.
THE MINDSET OF THE FUTUREWilson et al. (2014) Science July 4th
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UNCONSCIOUSNESS IS VARIABLE…
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IN SEARCH OF A PROCESS...
…Where Consciousness is continuously variable
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NEURONAL ASSEMBLIES..
Variable, transient (subsecond), macro-scale groups of neurons
(>10 million) not confined to/defined by anatomical brain
regions/systems.
‘RIPPLES’ IN THE BRAIN
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NEURONAL ASSEMBLIES
Badin & Greenfield
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FORCE OF THROW OF STONE
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BaboonCamel
RabbitSquirrel
Human
CatMonkey
NO ANATOMICAL RUBICON….
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GENTLER RIPPLES: SMALLER ASSEMBLIES
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WEAKLY THROWN STONE
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SIZE OF STONE
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STATES OF AROUSAL…
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THE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF AROUSAL
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VISCOSITY OF FLUID:
ACTION OF CHEMICAL MODULATORS
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STATES OF PAIN..
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FEATURES OF PAIN PERCEPTION
• Depression (large assembly state): low threshold
• Schizophrenia (small assembly state): high threshold
• Pain expressed as other associations
• Diurnal threshold
• Greater anticipation, greater the pain
• Phantom limb (neuron matrix)
• Morphine, pain no longer ‘matters’
• Morphine (analgesic), dream like euphoria
• Absent in dreams (small assembly state?)
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THE LARGER THE ASSEMBLY ,
THE GREATER THE PAIN AND VICE VERSA...
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Dep
olar
isat
ion
(% c
hang
e)
STATES OF ANAESTHESIA
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ANAESTHESIA NOT ALL-OR-NONE.........
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Light anaesthesia
Deep anaesthesiaDep
olar
isat
ion
(% c
hang
e)EFFECT OF ANAESTHETIC DEPTH ON ASSEMBLY DYNAMICS
(Devonshire et al., 2010)
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Dep
olar
isat
ion
(% c
hang
e)
ACTION ON DYNAMICS OF ASSEMBLIES
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OPTICAL IMAGING COULD REVEAL FACTORS
GOVERNING FORMATION OF TRANSIENT NEURONAL
ASSEMBLIES
The model could be tested as a means
of linking phenomenology and physiology
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FACTORS INFLUENCING FORMATION OF
NEURONAL ASSEMBLY
• Degree of neuronal activity: Intensity of senses
• Extent of pre-existing associations: ‘Significance’
• Availability of modulators: Arousal
• Availability of other modulators: Predisposition / mood
• Formation of competing assemblies: Distraction
• Input from prefrontal cortex: Narrative
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Neuronal Connectivity
TriggerAmine
modulatorAssembly Turnover
Assembly size
Physiology
Very extensive Strong High Low Large Pain
Extensive Strong Low Low Large Meditation
Extensive Weak Low Low Small Dreaming
Sparse Strong High High Small Childhood
Extensive Strong Medium Low LargeAbstract thought
Very extensive Strong Low Very low Large Depression
Sparse Strong High Low SmallAlzheimer’s
Disease
Very extensive Strong High Low Large Anxiety
Extensive Strong High High Small Schizophrenia
Extensive Strong High High Small Fear
Age/species/mind+Stimulus/+strength/significance
+Thrill +DistractionDegree of
consciousnessPhenomenology
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“Even so, mankind will suffer badly from the disease of
boredom, a disease spreading more widely each year and
growing in intensity. This will have serious mental, emotional
and sociological consequences, and I dare say that psychiatry
will be far and away the most important medical specialty in
2014. The lucky few who can be involved in creative work of
any sort will be the true elite of mankind, for they alone will
do more than serve a machine.”
ISAAC ASIMOV, 1964
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SEARCH ENGINES:
Information Vs Knowledge?
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‘Now, what I want is, Facts.
Teach these boys and girls
nothing but Facts. Facts alone
are wanted in life. Plant
nothing else, and root out
everything else. You can only
form the minds of reasoning
animals upon Facts: nothing
else will ever be of any service
to them’.
Thomas Gradgrind
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‘I worry that the sort of overwhelming rapidity of
information…is in fact affecting cognition. It is affecting
deeper thinking. I still believe that sitting down and reading a
book is the best way to really learn something. And I worry
that we’re losing that…’
ERIC SCHMIDT
(Chairman, Google)
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PRINCESS MARYA…
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‘From the moment we become aware of others, we demand to
be told stories that allow us to make sense of the world, to
inhabit the mind of someone else. In old age we tell stories to
make small museums of memory. It matters not whether the
stories are true or imaginary.
The narrative, whether oral or written, is a staple of every
culture the world over. But stories demand time and
concentration; the narrative does not simply transmit
information, but invites the reader or listener to witness the
unfolding of events’.
BEN MACINTYRE
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(I) Premium on de-constructing/ challenging dogma
THE 3 STEPS TO CREATIVITY
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THE 3 STEPS TO CREATIVITY
(I) Premium on de-constructing/ challenging dogma
(II) Unusual associations
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THE 3 STEPS TO CREATIVITY
(I) Premium on de-constructing
(II) Unusual associations
BUT ALSO
(III) These new associations activate more extensive
connections (‘have a meaning’).
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Talk presented at the 19th International Interdisciplinary Seminar
What differentiates human persons from animals and machines?
Netherhall House, London, 5-1-2017