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Comprehension Connections:
Bridges to Strategic Reading
Presentation By: Christa DannerProfessional Study Plan 2009
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•Metacognition•Using Schema•Inferring•Questioning•Determining Importance•Visualizing•Synthesizing
STRATEGIES
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Reading is
Thinking
Good readers read and think at the same time.
Metacognition
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Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
Metacognition
I think I canthink aboutthinking!Do you
understand whatI said?
It’s all aboutmetacognition –what’s going on
in my head
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Metacognition p. 11 - 27Concrete Experience:
The Reading Salad
Wordless Books:The Red Book by Barbara
Lehman
When Books and Brains Collide
textthinking
The Thought Bubble
Color Cards (level of understanding)
(aka How to Get Inside Your
Teacher’s Head)
Thinking about
my thinking
Text + Thinking = Real Reading
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Metacognition
THINKING STEMS•I’m thinking…•I’m noticing…•I’m wondering…•I’m seeing…•I’m feeling…
Thinking about our thinking
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Using Schema
Good readers preview a text and think about what they know about a topic before reading.
Good readers activate, build and revise their schema while reading.
Good readers make connections (text-to-self, text-to-text, and text-to-world) while reading.
Good readers use what they already know to better understand and enjoy the story.
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Schema
Schema, schemaSchema, schema
What I knowWatch it growI can make ConnectionsMeaningfulconnectionsText to selfText to text
Text to world
Lyrics from
“Reading Strategy Songs”
Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Schema p. 28 - 45Concrete Experience:
The Schema Roller
Wordless Books by Mercer Mayer
Circles of Connections
•“Rachel Delevoryas,” Randy Stonehill
•“You’ve Got a Friend,” Randy Newman
•“Popular,” Kristin Chenoweth
Artist:
A Day in the Life of a Girl
(1952)A Day in the Life of a Boy
(1951)
Norman Rockwell: Enduring Connections
Surprise (1956)
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Schema
THINKING STEMS•That reminds me of…• I’m remembering…• I have a connection
to…• I have schema for…• I can relate to…
Making connections
using our prior knowledge
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Inferring
Good readers make predictions about text and confirm or reject them as they read on.
Good readers determine meanings of unknown words by using their schema, paying attention to the picture clues, re-reading and talking to others.
Good readers use their schema and the clues in the book to draw conclusions and make their own interpretations.
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InferringDo I infer?
The answer’s “yes”I infer whenI read text
When I infer,it’s a smart guess
When I infer,my thinking is best
I infer whathappens nextI infer whenI read text
Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Inferring p. 46 - 59Concrete Experience:
Shoe/Garbage
Wordless Books by Istvan Banyai
Listen Between the Lines
•“Cat’s in the Cradle,” Harry Chapin
•“Day Is Gone,” Peter, Paul, and Mary
•“The Best Gift,” Barbra Streisand
Artist:
Christmas Morning,
Breakfast (1945)
Domino Players (1943)
Horace Pippin: Inferring from the Heart
The Wash (1942)
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InferringTHINKING STEMS
•My guess is…•Maybe…•Perhaps…•It could be that…•This could mean…•I predict…•I infer…
schema + evidence = inference
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Questioning
Good readers ask questions to clarify meaning, wonder about text yet to be read, focus their attention, and locate specific answers.
Good readers understand that many interesting questions may not be answered directly in the text.
Good readers understand that asking questions helps deepen understanding.
Good readers ask questions before, during and after reading.
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QuestioningAsking questions
when I readwhen I readwhen I read
Asking questionswhen I read
before,during,
and after.
Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Questioning p. 60 - 73Concrete Experience:
Questioning Rocks
Wordless Books:By David Wiesner
Wonder-full Songs
•“Whose Garden Was This,” Tom Paxton
•“Blowin’ in the Wind,” Bob Dylan
•“Y,” by Mark McGuinn
•“The Living Years,” Mike and the Mechanics
Artist:
Girl with a Pearl Earring
(2001)
Chasing Vermeer (2005)
Jan Vermeer: Questions Beneath the Surface
Tuesday Free Fall
Sector 7
Q=24-7
? ? ? ?
Who?
What?
When?
Why?
Where?
How?
Do?
A Girl Asleep (1657)
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QuestioningTHINKING STEMS
•I wonder…•What if…•Why…•I don’t understand…•It confuses me…•How could…
Generate Questions
Before, During, and After
Reading 24/7!
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Determining Importance
They skim and scan books prior to reading and think about what they know about a topic and what they might learn.
They use clues the author gives them like headings, bold words, and captions to find important information.
They notice when their inner voice says, “WOW” or “Look at this”, because it usually means they have learned something new.
They look for signal words the author uses before important information like “most important” or “in conclusion”.
Good readers think about what information is important to remember.
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DeterminingImportance
I can read it allBut I can’t
remember it allI choose
what’s importantand single it out
DetermineImportanceThat’s whatit’s about!
Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Determining Importance p. 74 - 87
Concrete Experience: Purse/Just Add
Water
Wordless Book:A Circle of Friends
by Giora Carmi
Listening for Importance
•“Seasons of Love,” from Rent
•“Takes a Little Time,” Amy Grant
•“Secret o’Life,” James Taylor
•“Ebony and Ivory,” Paul McCartney and Stevie
Wonder
Artist:
The Child’s Bath (1893)
Mary Cassatt: Make an Impression with Determining Importance
“Coat of Many Colors” by Dolly Parton
Breakfast in Bed (1897)
At the Opera (1877)
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Determining Importance
THINKING STEMS•What’s important here…•What matters to me…•One thing that we should
notice…•I want to remember…•It’s interesting that…
What matters most?
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Visualizing
Images come from emotions and all five senses.
Creating images makes the text come alive, makes the text personal or memorable to the reader.
Helps a reader to better understand the text.
Good readers use what they already have stored in their memories to visualize a story.
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VisualizingMake a picturein your headin your headin your head
Make a picturein your head
Use your senses.Like a movie
when you readwhen you readwhen you readLike a movie
when you readA mental image.
Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Visualizing p. 88 - 101Concrete Experience: Visualizing Tubes
Wordless Books:Sidewalk Circus by
Paul Fleischman and Kevin Hawkes
Mental Images Through Music
•“Old Friends/Bookends,” by Simon and
Garfunkel
•Fantasia soundtrack
•Peter and the Wolf, Sergei Prokofiev
•“Grandma’s Featherbed,” by John Denver
Artist:
“Migrant
Mother”
(1936)
Dorothea Lange: True Vision
Carl the Dog series by Alexandra Day
“Alabama Farm” (1938)
“Riverbank Gas
Station” (1940)
“New York City”
(1952)
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Visualizing
THINKING STEMS• I’m picturing…• I can imagine…• I can feel…see…smell…
taste…touch…hear•My mental images
include…
Create mental images
USE YOUR SENSES
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Synthesizing
Good readers retell what they have read as one way to synthesize.
Good readers recommend and criticize books they have read.
Good readers synthesize to create their own interpretation.
Good readers monitor the meaning and themes of a story, understanding that their thinking changes as the story unfolds.
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SynthesizingSynthesizeSynthesizeTake whatYou know
And see it growYou put all your
Thinking together,you see
Your thinking ischanging
And that’s the keyAnd this is the
queen of all strategiesJust synthesize!
Lyrics from“Reading Strategy Songs”Miles and Tanny McGregor
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Synthesizing p. 103 - 112Concrete Experience:
Nesting Dolls
Wordless Books:Owly series by Andy
Runton
Sing a Song of Synthesis
•“There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly”
•“The Green Grass Grows All Around”
•“The House That Jack Built”
•“Windmills of Your Mind”
Artist:
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Louvre
I.M. Pei: Structures of Synthesis
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SynthesizingTHINKING STEMS
•Now I understand why…•I’m changing my mind
about…•I used to think _____ but now
I think…•My new thinking is…•I’m beginning to think…
changing your thinking along the way
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Determining Importance
Questioning
Inferring
Visualizing
Synthesis
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