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Components & Elements
of Built Structure
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Components and elements of
building are divided in two parts
Structural Non structural
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Components and elements of building-
Structural
These are main element of building .No one should disturb any one of
them or the structure will be
destroyed.
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•Foundation-
Foundation is the lowermost part of building . It takes up the load of entire building and
transfer it to the soil below it.
Thus it distribute the load to the large area. Avoiding settlement or failure of building. It also support building. It give stability to structure against various
forces like wind ,rain.
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Two types of foundation-
Shallow foundation: This foundation is done at medium level
below the ground. it is used for load bearing
structure.
e.g. old houses in village. eep foundation:
This type of the foundation is done at very
deep level below the ground. it is used for framed
structure.
e.g. multi storey building.
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Sloped foundation and Stepped foundation:
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Footings-
!t is a "ind of foundation in this sufficient area of
contact with soil is provided around each column
#when good $uality of soil is available at shallow
depth.
%rovide stability to foundation.
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Columns-It is the vertical member of the building supporting
the beams.
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Beams-
• !t is a hori&ontal member supporting theslab
•!t is flat ceiling of a storey
Slab-
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Plinth Level-
• This is the portion provided 'ust above thefoundation
• The difference between ground level and the
first flooring of the building is called plinth level
• !t secure the building from rain water cominginside.
• The height of the plinth should be (.)m to (.*m.
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Floors-
• Floor system are the hori&ontal planes that
must support both
• live load- people# furnishing and movinge$uipments
• ead load- the weight of construction itself.
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+intels-
• , lintel is a hori&ontal member which isplaced across an opening to support theportion of the structure above it.
• The function of lintel is 'ust the same asthat of beam or an arch They are easy inconstruction.
• The ends of lintel are built into masonry
and thus the load carried by lintels istransferred to the masonry.
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ooden lintel
Steel lintel
Stone lintelecorative lintel
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,rch-
• ,n arch may be define as mechanicalarrangement of wedge shaped bloc"s ofstones or bric" mutually supporting each
other supported at the end by piers orabutments li"e lintels .Function of arch isto carry the weight of the structure abovethe opening.
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Non structural elements-
• alls.• Fenestrations /oor# indows# 0entilator#
openings1
• Steps.• Stairs.• +adders.
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alls-
• alls are vertical
constructions of
a building that
enclose#
separate and
protect its interior
spaces.
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Fenestrations-
• Door
• indows
• !entilators
• openings
oor
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oor-• oors and doorways access from the outside
into the interior of building as well as passage
between interior space.
indows-• indows provides access for air# light from
outside into the interior of building. they provide
ventilation also.
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ventilators
• Step
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• Step-
Step consist of one vertical part called riserand hori&ontal part called tread.
• Staircase-
!t is series of steps.!t ta"e up from one floor to another floor.
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