COMMON WEED SEEDLINGS OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA VINEYARDSAnil Shrestha, IPM Weed Ecologist, UC Kearney Agricultural Center
Kurt Hembree, Farm Advisor, UCCE Fresno CountyNeil Va, Lab Assistant, UCCE Fresno County
1. Annual bluegrass (Poaannua L.): Grass family; WA*;leaf tip shaped like the bow ofa boat; leaf blade crinkled atmidsection.
3. Shepherdspurse (Capsellabursa-pastoris L.): Mustardfamily; WA; seed leaves palegreen with tiny granules on thesurface; the first true leaveshave smooth margins, but 4thand later leaves may beindented; true leaves arecovered with star-shaped hairs.
4. Cheeseweed or Littlemallow (Malva parviflora L.):Mallow family; WA; seedleaves heart shaped, can betinged red; true leaves roundishwith wavy, shallow toothedmargins.
5. Common chickweed(Stellaria media L.): Pinkfamily; WA; seed leaves withprominent midveins, about 4times as long as broad, taperingto a point at the tip; true leavesare broader, opposite, andyellow green.
6. Henbit (Lamiumamplexicaule L.): Mint family;WA; seedling leaves are smalland oblong, with entiremargins; first true leavesrounded, coarsely toothed withvisible netted veins.
7. Common lambsquarters(Chenopodium album L.):Goosefoot family, SA; seedleaves are narrow, with nearlyparallel sides; seed leaves andearly true leaves are dull bluishgreen above and often purplebelow.
8. Annual sowthistle (Sonchusoleraceus L.): Sunflower family;SA**; seed leaves stalked,covered with a powdery, graybloom; seed leaves have smooth-edges and are spoon-shaped; trueleaves with wavy edges andprickles.
9. Black nightshade (Solanumnigrum L.): Nightshade family;SA; seed leaves elongate-ovaland pointed; the first true leavesare spade-shaped with smoothedges; lower surfaces are oftenpurple; petioles, stems, and leaveshave some hairs.
10. Prickly lettuce (Lactucaserriola L.): Sunflower family;annual or biennial; seed leavesare about twice as long as theyare wide; the first true leaveshave rounded margins.
11. Common groundsel(Senecio vulgaris L.): Sunflowerfamily; WA; seed leaves narrow,with a blunt, rounded tip; firsttrue leaves have shallow teeth;the 3rd and 4th leaves are moredeeply lobed.
12. Prostrate pigweed(Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson): Pigweed family; SA;seed leaves narrow, pointed, 6 to8 times as long as they are broad;underside of the leaves magentawith prominent veins; first trueleaves broader, shiny onupperside.
13. Burning nettle (Urtica urensL.): Nettle family; WA/SA;entire, rounded seed leaves witha small notch at the tip; first trueleaves opposite, stalked anddistinctly toothed.
14. Marestail or Horseweed(Conyza canadensis (L.)Cronq.): Sunflower family; SA;seed leaves oval with fine hairs;leaves of young plants grow asa rosette around a crown; dullgreen, short stalks sometimestinged with dull brownish-purple.
2. Redstem filaree (Erodiumcicutarium (L.) L’Hér. Ex Ait.):Geranium family; WA;cotyledons dark green, almosttwice as long as broad, deeplylobed, basal part of each lobeis directed backward; first trueleaf deeply lobed and coveredwith white hairs, deeply lobedstalkless leaflets.
*WA = Winter Annual **SA = Summer Annual
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15. Hairy/Flaxleaved fleabane(Conyza bonariensis (L.)Cronq.): Sunflower family;SA; seedlings with narrowleaves covered with short, softhairs; often wrinkled ordistorted; seed leaves graygreen.
17. Puncturevine (Tribulusterrestris L.): Caltrope family;SA; seed leaves thick, brittle,2 to 3 times long as they arebroad; leafstalks pinkish; trueleaves dark green with grayishunderside; leaves have roughmargins.
18. Purple cudweed(Gnaphalium purpureum L.):Sunflower family; annual orbiennial; seed leaves and 1st
true leaves covered on bothsides with whitish hairs; seedleaves 2 to 3 times long as theyare broad.
19. Common knotweed(Polygonum arenastrumBoreau): Buckwheat family;SA; seed leaves narrow, 6 to 8times as long as broad, lightgreen; fused at the base, cuplikestructure from which the 1st trueleaf emerges; 1st true leavesbroad and dark green, powderybloom on underside.
20. Large crabgrass (Digitariasanguinalis (L.) Scop.): Grassfamily; SA; a stiff and paperyligule; wide leaves that arecovered with coarse hairs; noauricles; hairs on the margin ofthe collar.
21. Panicle willowherb(Epilobium brachycarpum C.Presl): family; SA; seedleavessmall, round, often dark reddishgreen; true leaves narrow, 4 to5 times long as they are broad,1st true leaves opposite andsmooth around the edges.
22. Barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)Beauv.): Grass family; SA; 1st
leaf dull grayish-green; stemflattened, purplish; no ligule.
24. Field bindweed(Convolvulus arvensis L.):Morningglory family; perennial;seed leaves are nearly square,with a shallow notch at the tip;early true leaves are spadeshaped; petioles are flattened,grooved on the upper surface.
26. Bermudagrass (Cynodondactylon L.): Grass family;perennial; seedling leaves withsomewhat rough surface; ligulepresent; tuft of long hairs oneither side of the ligule; stem flat,wiry and without hairs.
27. Spotted spurge(Chamaesyce maculata (L.)Small): Spurge family; SA; seedleaves oval, tips roundish, blueishgreen; seed leaves marginsmooth; 1st true leaves rounded,leaf surface smooth; leaf surfacedull, dark green with reddishtinge.
28. Yellow nutsedge (Cyperusesculentus L.): Sedge family;perennial; grasslike; light greenblades, flat, slender; leaf tip longand drawn out; nutlets globe-shape, smooth, and almondflavored.
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16. Swinecress (Coronopusdidymus (L.) Smith): Mustardfamily; WA; seed leaves lightgreen, narrow, long, widest atthe tip; first true leaves clubshaped with two notches orteeth around the margin; leavesand stems slightly hairy; distinctskunklike odor.
23. Yellow foxtail [Setariaglauca (L.) (P.) Beauv.]: Grassfamily; SA; slender leaf blades;prominent silky, kinky hairs onthe upper surface of leaf bladesnear the stem; ligule is a fringeof hairs.
25. Junglerice (Echinichloacolona (L.) Link): Grass family;SA; grayish, dull green firstleaves; several purple bands onsurface of leaf blade; no liguleand auricle.
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