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CombustionReactions
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What is combustion?
• a very rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce compounds called oxides.
FUEL + OXYGEN OXIDE + ENERGY
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• commonly referred to as burning
• easily identified by the production of heat (exothermic)
• type of synthesis reaction
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Requirements
• Three requirements for a combustion reaction
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Fuels
•Gaseous Fuels• Natural Gas/Methane - used for cooking, heating etc. • Acetylene - used in welding, cutting etc.
• Liquid Fuels • Petrol - used for internal combustion engines etc. • Paraffin/kerosene - used in heating appliances etc • Alcohols - used widely but includes preservatives,
preparations, solvents etc. • Oils - used for lubrication etc.
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Fuels
• Solid Fuels • Wood/paper/card. • Plastics - most plastics will release toxic smoke
during combustion. • Metals - some metals are flammable, although
usually very high temperatures are required. • Foodstuffs - we actually 'burn' our food in
order to cook it.
The most common fuels are hydrocarbons
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Complete Combustion
• Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide gas and water vapour.
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
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Complete Combustion
• Complete combustions occurs when:• Sufficient oxygen is present• Temperature is hot enough
Complete combustion is characterized by a blue flame. The flame is hotter than the flame of incomplete combustion.
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Incomplete Combustion
• If insufficient oxygen is present, hydrocarbons burn to produce water vapour along with carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or solid carbon.
2CH4 + 3 O2 2CO + 4 H2O
CH4 + O2 C + 2 H2O
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Incomplete Combustion
• Incomplete combustion is characterized by an orange or “dirty” flame.
• Produces black “soot” and the poisonous gas carbon monoxide
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Time to Get to Work
• combustion animation
Page 140 #19-24
Page 141 #41, 43, 46, 47, 49