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Combustible Dusts What do I do???
Presented by: Ralph C Wigg
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The Past!
In the beginning: No standards
No verification of apparatus
No verification of installations
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The Past!
Then came the standards!
Originals were based on British Standards
Created our own mix of: British European North America Then Australia & New Zealand developed their own
Now Australia/New Zealand have completed the adoption of IEC
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Where to start?
For industries where Combustible Dusts are being handled then the best place
to start is with the new Code of Practice.
AS/NZS 4745:2004 “Code of practice for handling combustible dusts”
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Code of Practice
Dust1
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Code of Practice
This Code of Practice is intended to:
“to assist those industries which may have risks associated with the presence of combustible dusts as part of their processes, in minimizing the risk of injury, death or loss of property to fire and/or explosion through the application of good design and management principles and practices in the
construction, operation and maintenance of manufacturing and processing plants and associated
transportation and storage systems”.
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Code of Practice
It covers: Philosophy Hazard Assessment Safety Requirements Determining the Presence of Effective Ignition Sources Plant Design Detailed Design & Operational Issues Emergency Management
Missing? Where is the assessment of the material? How do we know we have a combustible material?
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Code of Practice
To put our subject matter today into perspective it is a part of Detailed Design and Operational Issues and includes:
Classification of Hazardous Areas Design and Construction of Equipment, Protective
Systems and components based on the avoidance of Ignition Sources
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Materials
Material characteristics will vary: according to particle size and shape
according to moisture content
grain may depend on geographical location
should be tested but reliable information may be sought but must be used carefully.
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Materials
Material Data sources: NFPA 499 BIA Report.
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Process conditions
Is the material being process or just stored?
What temperature
What pressures
Contained
Potential for static
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Process example
Blasting What material
Sand Metal
Particles released from the surface
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Classification
OLD Class II (Australia) Zones 11 & 12 (New Zealand)
NEW 3 Zones are now introduced Only part of risk assessment
not THE risk assessment
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Classification
Before dealing with Zones the separation of Dust Clouds and Dust Layers must be understood.
Dust clouds explode.
Dust layers generally burn
Dust layers can be a source of a dust cloud.
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Classification
What constitutes a dust layer?
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Classification
Zone 20
Zone 21
Zone 22
Housekeeping
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Classification
Material characteristics required for the selection of equipment Dust cloud ignition temperature
Dust layer ignition temperature
Ignition energy of dust cloud
Thermal conductivity
Electrical conductivity
Introduction of Group III
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Classification
Situations not covered by the classification standard:
Mining
Explosives
Hybrid mixtures
Catastrophic failure
Flammable or toxic gas from the dust
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Equipment
Protection techniques suitable for dusts:
Ex t Protection by Enclosure
Ex p Protection by Pressurization
Ex i Intrinsic Safety
Ex m Protection by Encapsulation
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Selection
Selection according to:
Area classification
Protection Technique
Surface Temperature
Conductive or non-conductive dust
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Selection
Temperature margin for Dust Clouds
Temperature margins for Dust Layers
2/3rds
50K
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Inspection & maintenance
All inspection and maintenance requirements that apply to Combustible Dusts have transferred from AS 2381.1 to AS/NZS 61241.14/17 and finally to
AS/NZS 60079.14/17
Effectively there is no change!
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Summary
Australia and New Zealand are the first to adopted the IEC standards for Dusts. The major changes are in place and with the 3
zones users can better apply the risk assessment including apparatus selection.
The fine tuning has occurred at a rapid rate and we have reached a point of stability
where industry can get on with applying these standards with confidence.
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Aim to avoid ! ! !
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THE END