Download - Combat Leaders' Guide - preterhuman.net
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ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINFANTRY FORCES RESEARCH UNIT
1997
LEADER HANDBOOK
COMBAT LEADERS'GUIDE
CCCCC LLLLL GGGGG
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INTRODUCTION
The Combat Leaders' Guide is both anextract of doctrinal publications and acompilation of tactics, techniques andprocedures(TTPs). It is principallydesigned as a pocket reference andmemory-jogger.
Some TTPs you have learned in trainingdo not appear here. The material in thisjob aid comes from the doctrinalliterature program.
Laminate pages to be written on;remove, reorganize or tab pages basedon your mission; insert other job aids,TTPs or SOPs as needed.
Questions? Call SACG at Ft. Benning,DSN 835-5741 LT Kirby, SGT Rose, SGTSparks.
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1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLANTroop leading procedures 2-1Warning order 2-2Factors of METT-T 2-3Estimate of the situation 2-8Operation order (OPORD) 2-15Fragmentary order (FRAGO) 2-19Time schedule 2-20Light and weather data 2-21
Leading in combat 1-1Basic rules of combat 1-2
Actions before march 3-1Duties of quartering party 3-2March orders 3-3Actions during march 3-4Actions at halts 3-5Actions at assembly area 3-6
MOVE
BASIC COMBAT RULES PAGE
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2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFEND
Preparation for attack 4-1Consolidation 4-3Reorganization 4-4
Defensive priority of work 5-1Defense planning outline 5-3Coordination checklist 5-5Establish observation post 5-7Fighting position guidelines 5-8Building fighting position 5-9Range card preparation 5-11Range card (blank) 5-13Range card (sample) 5-14
5-155-175-18
Sector sketch preparationSector sketch (sample)Occupation of a battle position
PAGEATTACK
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3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disengagement planning 7-1Disengagement actions 7-2Passage of lines coordination 7-3Withdrawal under enemy pressure 7-4Withdrawal not under enemy 7-7 pressureRelief in place 7-11
DELAYFundamentals of delay 6-1
WITHDRAW
Fire distribution and control 5-20Camouflage 5-21Physical security 5-22
Fighting from a battle position 5-19
Defending during limited visibility 5-24
DEFEND PAGE
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4
TABLE OF CONTENTS PATROL/RECON
Patrol planning steps 8-1Patrol coordination 8-2Complete the plan 8-4Departure from friendly lines 8-6Rally points 8-7Patrol report (debriefed) 8-8Selection of a patrol base 8-9Occupation of a patrol base 8-10Patrol base activities 8-11Principles of a raid 8-12Conduct a raid 8-13Principles of an ambush 8-15Organize an ambush 8-17Conduct an ambush 8-19Plan a recon mission 8-21Recon zone 8-23Recon area 8-25
PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS NBC
NBC-1 report 9-1NBC-4 report 9-2NBC-prior to attack 9-3NBC-during attack 9-4NBC-after attack 9-6Unmasking with chemical agent 9-8 detector kitUnmask without chemical agent 9-9 detector kitMOPP levels 9-10Detailed troop decon 9-11MOPP gear exchange 9-12Mark contaminated area: 9-13 radiological/bio/chemPrepare for NBC attack/protect 9-15 against electromagnetic pulseSupervise radiation monitoring 9-16Using a dosimeter 9-17Collect/report total radiation dose 9-18
PAGE
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6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Principles of fire support 10-1 planning/coordinationCall for fire 10-2Call for fire card 10-4Target list worksheet 10-5Mortar/artillery capabilities 10-6AFV Weapon capabilities 10-7Target acquisition/signature 10-8
Attack helicopter capabilities 10-9Artillery counterfire 10-10
Supplies and logistical services 11-1Precombat check (mech) 11-2Precombat check (light) 11-3Classes of supply 11-4
Electro counter-counter 12-1 measuresRadio troubleshooting 12-2Splicing field wire 12-3Installing commo lines 12-5
PAGE
COMMO
FIRE SUPPORT AND OBSERVATION
SUPPLIES/LOGISTICS
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE
MINES/DEMO
Crossing objects with commo lines 12-6Messenger briefing 12-7
COMMO
Rules of engagement (ROE) 14-1Area assessment checklist 14-2Checkpoint/roadblock PIR 14-4 checklist
PEACEKEEPING
Install/remove hasty protective 13-1 minefieldDA Form 1355-1-R sample 13-3DA Form 1355-1-R (blank) 13-4Breaching and clearing minefields 13-5Nonelectric firing system 13-6Nonelectric/electric priming of 13-8 demo blockClear nonelectric/electric misfires 13-10Electric firing system 13-11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS
Aircraft troop commander briefing 15-1Safety briefing checklist 15-2Reverse planning sequence 15-3Ground tactical plan 15-4 considerationsLanding plan considerations 15-5Landing zone selection criteria 15-6Air assault PZ/LZ planning 15-7 considerationsExtraction loading plan 15-8 requirementsLeader duties in air assault 15-9 operationsChalk leader duties/platoon air 15-10 assaultSet up a helicopter landing site 15-11Night marking of PZs/LZs 15-13
PAGE
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9
TABLE OF CONTENTS MEDICAL
Evaluate a casualty/first aid 16-1Shock - symptoms/first aid 16-2Heat exhaustion/heat cramps 16-3Heat stroke/sun stroke 16-4Frostbite 16-5Hypothermia/cold weather injury 16-6Request army air MEDEVAC 16-7Continuous operations planning 16-8Heat precautions 16-10
Engaging aircraft 18-1Weapons control status 18-1Air defense warning 18-2Local air defense warning 18-2Engagement/lead distances 18-3Passive air defense 18-4
Vehicle recovery procedure checklist 17-1Vehicle recovery fundamentals 17-2
VEHICLE RECOVERY
AIR DEFENSE
PAGE
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10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Built-up area fighting principles 19-1Attack and clear a building 19-2Organize building defense 19-3
Principles of the Law of War 20-1Rules of engagement (ROE) and 20-3 the law of warHandling of enemy prisoners of 20-4 war (EPWs)
LEGAL ASPECTS OF WAR
MISCELLANEOUSSpot report/SALUTE 21-1Find unknown range (WORM) 21-2Conversion table: US/metric 21-3
Converting azimuths 21-4Reduce risk of fratricide 21-5
COMBAT IN CITIES PAGE
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11
TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEMISCELLANEOUS
Risk management 21-7Risk management steps 21-8Risk management matrix 21-10
Personnel records 21-11
ACRONYMSAcronyms 22-1
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11-11
LEADING IN COMBAT1 Set the example
2 Lead from as far forward as you can
3 Lead from a position where yoursoldiers can see you/your vehicle
4 Lead from where you can control allelements physically or by radio
5 Move to influence the action
6 Make sound, quick decisions
7 Forcefully execute decisions
8 Use reverse planning sequence
Notes:
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1-21 1
BASIC RULES OF COMBAT TYPE RULE
5 SUSTAIN Keep fight going/care for soldiers
4 COMMUNICATE Inform everyone/tell soldiers what you expect
3 SHOOT Establish base of fire/mutual support Kill/suppress enemy
2 MOVE Establish moving element/move to position of advantage Gain and maintain initiative
1 SECURE Use cover and concealment Establish local security/recon
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22-12
3 Make tentative plan
5 Conduct Reconnaissance
6 Complete plan
7 Issue orders
8 Supervise and refine
Notes:
2 Issue warning order
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
4 Initiate necessary movement
1 Receive mission
STEP ACTION
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22-22
1. Situation _____________________________________________________________2. Mission __________________________________________________________________________________________________3. General Instructions a. Special teams/task organization ___ __________________________________ __________________________________ b. Common uniform/equipment ______ __________________________________ c. Special weapons, ammo, equipment __________________________________ __________________________________ d. Tentative time schedule __________ __________________________________4. Special Instructions ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WARNING ORDER
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22-32
ITEM
(FACTORS APPLY TO FR & EN)
FACTORS
FACTORS OF METT-T
MISSION
Specified tasks
Implied tasks
Mission essential tasks
Limitations/constraints
Restated mission
Intent one & two levels up
1
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22 2-4
FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM
ENEMY
Disposition/composition
Recent activities
Weaknesses
2
Strength
Possible COAs
Reinforcement abilities
Probable COAs
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2-52 2
FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORS
TROOPS AVAILABLE3
Disposition
Composition
Strength (personnel/materiel)
Activities
Weaknesses
Morale
Combat service support
Maintenance level
Key leaders
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22 2-6
FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM
TERRAIN (OCOKA)4
Cover & concealment
Obstacles
Key terrain
Avenues of approach
Observation/Fields of fire
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2-72 2
FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORS
TIME
Planning & preparationof combat orders
Start, critical, releasepoints
Line of departure
Inspections &rehearsals
Movement
Use 1/3 - 2/3 rule
5
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22-82
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION
1. Detailed Mission analysis
a. Mission/intent of commander 2levels up
b. Mission/intent of immediatecommander
g. Tentative time schedule
f. Restated mission
c. Tasks & purpose/specified& implied
e. Constraints & limitations
d. Mission essential tasks
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22 2-9
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION2. Estimate situation/develop course of action
Disposition
Intentions
Capabilities
CompositionStrengthsWeaknessesWeapons/units
a. Terrain & weather - effects onpersonnel & equipment
b. Enemy situation & COA
Most probable COA basedon doctrine/situation
OCOKA Visibility/trafficability mobility/survivability
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22-102
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATIONc. Friendly situation
Task organization to accomplish mission
Control measures
Purposes & tasks of main & supporting efforts
Results that must be achieved
Decisive point & time to focus combat power
d. Friendly COA (repeat for each COA)
Time available
Equipment availableTroops available
Prepare a COA statement & sketch
e.
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22 2-11
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION
3. Analyze COAs
General Factors
commander's intent
relative effectiveness
characteristics of offense and defense
weapon utilization
METT-T
Mission specific factors
mission essential tasks
logistic support
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22-122
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 2 31
Supports schemeof maneuver
Helps command& control
Concentrates combatpower at decisive point
Forces providemutual support
Responds to maneuverelements & reserve
considering how well theCOA:
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22 2-13
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION1Compare Courses of Action 24. 3
Maximizes observation &ranges of weaponsystems
Exploits enemy weakness
Provides enoughmaneuver space
Provides cover &concealment
Uses best avenue ofapproach
Accounts for weather
considering how well theCOA:
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22-142
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 1 2 3
considering how well theCOA:
Considers obstacles
Controls key terrain
Helps speed of execution
Does not requireadjustment of unitpositions
Uses all HQs
Requires normal CSS
5. Decision
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2-15
OPERATION ORDER
2 2
a. Enemy forces:
b. Friendly forces:
Units providing fire support
Mission/concept higher
Task organization:
1. Situation
Location & actions of units onleft, right, front, rear
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22-162
OPERATION ORDER
(1) Maneuver
2. Mission
a. Concept of the operation
3. Execution
Intent
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2-17
OPERATION ORDER
2 2
(2) Fires
b. Tasks to maneuver units
c. Tasks to combat support units
d. Coordinating instructions(1) Time schedule
(2) PIR
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22-182
OPERATION ORDER
a. General:
4. Service Support:
5. Command and Signala. Command:
b. Signal:
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2-192 2
FRAGMENTARY ORDER(FRAGO provides changes to anexisting order. Address only ele-ments that have changed)
1. Situation
2. Mission
3. Execution
4. Service Support
5. Command/Signal
Reference
Task organization
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22-202
FRAGMENTARY ORDERTIME SCHEDULEWHEN WHAT WHERE WHO
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2-212 2
FRAGMENTARY ORDERLIGHT AND WEATHER DATA ITEM FIRST DAY NEXT DAY
BMNT/EENT
Sun Rise
Sun Set
Moon Rise
Moon Set
NVG Hours
Temp High/Lo
% Illum
Winds
Precip
Effects of light & weather:
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33-13
ACTIONS BEFORE MARCH STEP ACTION
1 Give warning order
2 Select quartering party NCO andsend to team CP
3 Recon route from AA to SP
4 Record time from AA to SP
5 Adjust departing time from AAto arrive at SP on time
6 Have crews perform precombatchecks
7 Have vehicle commanders reporttheir status
8 Give march order to vehiclecommanders
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3-2 33
DUTIES OF QUARTERING PARTY STEP ACTION
1 Inspect intended assembly areafor enemy NBC/mines
8 Brief platoon leader
7 Guide platoon into area
6 Select covered/concealed routeto RP; meet platoon
5 Select general location ofvehicle positions; mark places
4 Clear or mark obstacles
3 Establish and maintain commo
2 Secure platoon area untilplatoon arrives
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33-33
1. Destination (map) __________________ _____________________________________ 2. Route of march (map) ______________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. Location of SP, critical points, RP (map) _______________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 4. SP time __________________________ 5. March interval (meters) _____________ 6. March speed (mph/kph) _____________ 7. Catch up speed (mph/kph) __________ 8. Time and location of scheduled halts _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 9. Time unit leaves present position ____ _____________________________________ 10. Order of march ___________________ ____________________________________
MARCH ORDERS
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3-4 33
ACTIONS DURING MARCH ITEM ACTION
2 Maintain ground and air security
1 Arrive at SP on time at marchspeed with proper march interval
5 If under radio listening silence -use hand and arm signals, flagsignals, or flashlight signals
4 Report SP, critical points, RP(unless under radio listeningsilence)
3 Observe vehicle sectors ofresponsibility
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33-53
ACTIONS AT HALTS ITEM ACTION
2 Establish/maintain security
1 Pull to side of route - maintainorder
6 Take appropriate actions/repairvehicles if possible
5 Report status
4 Maintain observation/contactwith other vehicles
3 Move disabled vehicles offroad - post guides to directtraffic
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3-6 33
ACTIONS AT ASSEMBLY AREA ITEM ACTION
1 Follow guides into preselectedsecure positions
5 Establish wire commo net/coordinate with other units
4 Conduct fire planning
7 Start maintenance/resupply/rearming
8 Prepare/rehearse reaction plan
6 Check/adjust positions;camouflage positions
2 Clear RP without halting
3 Emplace/maintain security/OPs
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44-14
PREPARATION FOR ATTACK TASK ACTION
2 Move to assembly area
1 Issue warning order
5 Check key equipment
4 Check weapons
6 Rehearse critical tasks
7 Recon rtes to LD/OBJ
8 Issue OPORD 9 Resupply, rearm, refuel
3 Perform commo check
10 Coordinate w/higher, supporting, adjacent units
11 Rehearse
12 Conduct PMCS as required
13 Check/integrate attachments
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44 4-2
PREPARATION FOR ATTACK TASK ACTION
14 Check NBC situation/confirmMOPP status
Notes:
19 Move to LD
18 Rest troops
17 Feed troops
16 Inspect vehicles
15 Inspect troops
Several steps may occur concurrently.
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44-34
CONSOLIDATION STEP ACTION
1 Eliminate all remaining enemyresistance on objective
2 Occupy hasty positions/prepare for counterattack
3 Bring up base of fire element
4 Prepare for a counterattack
5 Position key weapon systems
6 Develop quick fire plan
7 Prepare range cards
8 Begin planning to continueattack (map recon, orders)
Notes:
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44 4-4
REORGANIZATION
1 Reestablish chain ofcommand
STEP ACTION
Request resupply as needed
Treat, evacuate, process
3 Clear objective of casualties &EPW
Redistribute ammo, supplies,equipment as needed
Reman key weapons
2 Reestablish security/prep forcounterattack
Report status: ACE (AMMO/Casualties/ Equipment)
Restore commo withhigher, adjacent, FSO
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44-54
STEP ACTION
REORGANIZATION
Notes:
4 Prepare for next mission
Relocate weapons & positionsReoccupy & repair positionsRepair obstacles & minesRepair & maintain equipment
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5-1 55
DEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORK STEP TASK
1 Establish local security
9 Site final protective line(FPL) and fires (FPF),priority targets
8 Prepare squad & platoon sector sketches
7 Prepare range cards
6 Clear fields of fire
3 Posn sqds/assign sectors
for interlocking sectors 5 Coordinate with adjacent units
2 Position key weapons & vehicles
4 Set up commo net
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55-25
STEP TASKDEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORK
10 Prep fighting positions
11 Emplace mines & obstacles
12 Establish fire control measures
13 Assign alternate & supplemen-tary battle positions
14 Take NBC protective measures
15 Improve primary positions
16 Prep alternate then suppl posns
21 Continue to improve positions
20 Stockpile ammo, food, water
19 Rehearse actions on contact
18 Recon supply/evac routes
17 Establish sleep/rest plan
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5-3 55
DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE1. Commander's intent ________________________________________________________________________________________2. Platoon/squad mission _____________________________________________________________________________________3. Position in company defense ________________________________________________________________________________4. Sectors of fire/EAs/TRPs________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Fire support available ______________________________________________________________________________________6. Evacuate/destroy procedures fordamaged vehicles ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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55-45
DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE7. Evacuation procedures for friendlycasualties_______________________________________________________________8. Place to take EPW _________________________________________________________________________________________9. Special signals to use ______________________________________________________________________________________
10. On-order mission for platoon/squad________________________________________________________________________
11. Position and mission of units onflanks ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Position and mission of units in therear ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP
Sectors of fire of machine guns, anti-armor weapons & subunits
3
1 Location of leaders
2 Location of primary, alternate, & supplementary positions
ITEM
Location & types of obstacles& how to cover them
7
6
5
Route to alternate &supplementary positions
4
Location of OPs & withdrawalroutes back to the platoon orsquad position
Location of dead space betweenplatoons & squads & how tocover it
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55-65
COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP ITEM
Patrols - size, type, timesof departure & return & routes
Fire support planned
Engagement &disengagement criteria
Location of coordinationpoints
8
9
Location, activities & passageplan for scouts & other unitsforward of platoon position
Signals for fire/cease fire& any emergency signals
10
11
12
13
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5-7 55
ITEM ACTIONSelect site - cover & concealmentOverlapping sectorsDesignate OP security &secure reporting proceduresEstablish withdrawal planwith procedures & routes
Change observers every 20-30minutes as situation permits
Conduct surveillance - nameobserver, recorder & securitySearch, identify & reportpersonnel, vehicles, etc.Use overlapping sectorsof observation
Prepare to call for/adjustindirect fire; use binos/NODs; navigation tools &commo equipment
3
4
5
2
1
ESTABLISH OBSERVATION POST
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55-85
FIGHTING POSITION GUIDELINES ITEM DESCRIPTION
Prep by stages with inspectionImprovement is progressive
Site to engage the enemyselect best position, cover deadspace, use max eff range &provide interlocking firesPriority to effective weaponsystem use; METT-T dependent
Protection - adequate to coverenemy weaponsPosition - provide cover &concealment - make sure itcannot be seenFill sandbags 3/4 fullRevet excavations in sandy soilCheck stabilization of wall basesInspect daily, especially afterrain & after direct/indirect firesMaintain, repair, improveUse proper material, correctly
3
2
1
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5-9 55
BUILD FIGHTING POSITION STAGE ACTION
1
2 Emplace walls: 1 helmet distancefrom hole to start of coverFront wall 2-3 sandbags high by2 M16s long for 2 man positionFlank wall same height, 1 M16long; rear wall 1 sandbag highby 1 M16 longStakes required to hold logsLeader inspects position
Establish position:Leader check fields of fire,soldier emplace sector stakesPosition log or sandbagbetween stakesScoop out elbow holesPosition lim vis aiming stakesTrace outline on groundClear fields of fireLeader inspects position
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55-105
BUILD FIGHTING POSITION
Dig the position: throw &pack dirtArmpit deepParapets filled, all camouflagedGrenade sumps dug/floor slopedRucksack storage optionalLeader inspects position
Overhead cover: camouflageblended, cannot detect at 35MLogs placed over center frontto rearWaterproofing (plastic bags,ponchos) placed over top6" - 8" of dirt/sandbags piledon topOverhead cover & bottomcamouflagedLeader inspects position
STAGE ACTION
4
3
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5-11 55
Note: Make card and copy for eachprimary, alternate, supplementaryposition
RANGE CARD PREPARATION
STEP ACTION 1 Draw symbol for weapon/
position in center circle
Draw terrain features/mark wpnref point from terrain or grid
Draw/label L&R sector limits
6 Show dead space areas and label
Draw final protective lines/principal direction of fire
Draw max engagement lines
2
4
78
3 Determine range value for eachcircle by dividing range to mostdistant terrain feature by numberof circles & label card
5 Draw and number TRPs, RPs andpossible EAs as ordered
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55-125
Show gun elev (mils), ammo,range (meters) to limits, TRPs& ref points, describe objects
List L&R limits, TRPs, ref pointsin numerical order
RANGE CARD PREPARATION STEP ACTION 9 Fill in data section
Identify primary, alternate or supplementary position
10
11 Fill in marginal info, nothigher than company & directionof magnetic north arrow
Fill in wpn ref data (description,grid , magnetic az, distance fromWRP to position) in remarks
Identify weapon/vehicle
Date & time range card complete
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5-13 55
DATA SECTIONDATEPOSITION IDENTIFICATION
EACH CIRCLE EQUALSMETERS
WEAPON
DIRECTION/DEFLECTION
ELEVATION RANGENO. AMMO DESCRIPTION
DA FORM 5517 R
REMARKS:
SQDPLTCO
.
May be used for all types of direct fire weaponsMAGNETIC NORTH
RANGE CARD PREPARATION
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55-145
RANGE CARD PREPARATION
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5-15 55
Make card and copy for each primary,alternate and supplementary position
SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION
ITEM ACTION 1 Draw your unit sector or EA 2 Draw main terrain features in
sector(s) and range to each
3 Draw subunit positons
4 Draw subunit primary andsecondary sectors of fire
5 Draw weapon positions withprimary sectors of fire for each
6 Draw MEL for each weapon/ammo
7 Draw machine gun/cannon finalprotective lines or principaldirection of fire
8 Draw location of CP/OP
9 Draw TRPs and RPs in sector
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55-165
SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION ITEM ACTION 10 Draw mines/obstacles
12 Draw and label dead space
13 Draw patrol routes
14 Draw locations, sector of fire ofother weapons in your sector
11 Draw indirect fire targetlocations/final protective firelocations
15 Draw location of NODs for usein limited visibility planPlace your unit ID, DTGprepared, and magnetic northarrow on sketch (pencil)
Notes:
16
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SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION
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55-185
OCCUPATION OF ABATTLE POSITION (BP)
STEP ACTION
Rpt situation to Co/Tm CdrWire commoPositions/routes of withdrawal
OPs/patrolsCoord w/flank/adjacent units
Observation & fields of fire
6 Designate alt & suppl psns, sectors of fire/EA/TRP
5 Designate primary sectors offire/EA/TRP
4 Designate general location ofprimary posns; move platoon
3 Recon primary, alternate &supplementary positions
2 Keep rest of plt in hide psn(s)
7
8
Improve psn; plan rts to next BP9
1 Move to turret-down psn on BP
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5-19 55
FIGHTING FROM A VEHICLEBATTLE POSITION (BP)
STEP ACTION
1 Determine targets to engage
2 Determine methods of targetengagement
4 Issue platoon fire commands
3 Send contact and spot report
5 Call for indirect fire as needed
6 Send spot reports
7 Move to subsequent BP
9 Organize to fight from BPs
8 Keep Co/Tm Cdr informed ofsituation and location
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55-205
FIRE DISTRIBUTIONAND CONTROL
ITEM PRINCIPLE
Destroy most dangerous targets first,considering range, terrain andweapon capability
Use each weapon in its best role
Avoid target overkill
Engage critical targets first;engage laterally and in depth
Concentrate on long range targets ifpossible, to gain standoff advantage
Take best shots; expose onlysystems actually needed
Control firing; conserve ammo ifpossible
Engage different threatssimultaneously
Avoid fratricide
1
2
4
5
6
3
7
98
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ACTION
Prepare individual/equipment
STEP
Consider position from enemyviewpointUse natural concealment/blendReduce shine and movement
Observe from prone position
Don't skyline when movingInspect the following areasIndividuals/Fighting positionsVehicles and routes in and out
Noise/light discipline plan
Camouflage netsBreak up vehicle silhouettes -
1
2
4
Reduce vehicle noise6
5 Reduce glare and signaturesuse nets
3
CAMOUFLAGE
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STEPConduct patrols
Troops readyConduct stand-to (general)
Radios on/tested
Weapons loaded/ready
Vehicles topped off/loaded/ready
Basic load of missiles/ammo
Conduct stand-to (evening)
Emplace vision block covers/turn internal lights off
Ready driver's night visionviewerTest panel control lights/thermal sights
1
3
2
Prepare NVGs/NODs
ACTIONPHYSICAL SECURITY
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ACTIONSTEP
Silent watch
Post local security
Assign sectors for surveillance
Use manual, battery, or AVPpower when possibleUse radio listening silence
Lay guns on primary AAs/EAs
Assign sectors/observe sectors
Rotate troops using thermalsight(s)
Adjust position(s) closer tovehicle(s) at night
5
4
Check all batteries
Upload wpns and ammoInspect vehicle position toinsure no light is visible afterdark
PHYSICAL SECURITY
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55-245
Employ long range STANOequip (GSR, sensors, NOD)
Coordinate any movementoutside battle psn boundarieswith higher and adjacent units
Redeploy some units & weaponsto concentrate along dismount-ed avenues of approach
Employ nuisance obstaclesand early warning devicesalong likely night approaches
Employ scouts, OP, patrols,ambushes, and armor killerteams forward on secondaryAA and between positions
2
3
4
5
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
ACTIONITEM1
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ITEM ACTION
Rehearse movement ofweapons, units, and massingof fires on enemy approaches
Plan illumination on or behindengagement areas tosilhouette enemy
7
9
Plan required movement ofweapons, units, and massingof fires on enemy approaches
6
Reposition weapons to takeadvantage of differencesbetween enemy and friendlySTANO devices
8
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
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ACTION
Move TRPs and/or EAs closerto defensive positions or moveweapons closer to them-use METT-TCommence adjustments todefensive organization beforedark
Complete return to daylightpositions before dawn
Move closer to avenue(s) ofapproach you guard duringbad weather
Be aware that sensors andradar may still penetrate badweather
10
11
12
13
14
ITEM
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
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6-1 66
FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY
1 Centralized control anddecentralized execution
ITEM ACTION
Maintain enemy contactCoordinate flank security
2 Maximize OCOKAObservation and fields of fire
3 Force enemy maneuver/deploy
Trade space for time
Use snipers, ambushes toslow enemy
Cover and concealment
Key terrain
Avenues of approach
Obstacles
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66-26
FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY
9 Each unit sets up own security
Displace to next position
7 Missions: delay in sector orforward of a line or position forspecified time
8 Assign sectors for eachcommitted unit/avenue ofapproach
Avoid decisive engagement
6 Keep free to maneuver
Observe and adjust fires
Keep enemy in sight
4 Use obstacles
Natural and reinforcing Cover by observation/fire
5 Maintain enemy contact
ITEM ACTION
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7-1 77
DISENGAGEMENT PLANNING1. Scheme of maneuver ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Time of disengagement _________________________________________________3. Priority of disengagement _______________________________________________4. Location of new positions _______________________________________________5. Size and composition of advanceparties _________________________________________________________________6. Size and composition of overwatchforces __________________________________________________________________7. Location of overwatch forces ____________________________________________8. Combat service support ________________________________________________
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77-27
DISENGAGEMENT ACTIONS ITEM ACTION
1 Deceive the enemy with smoke,patrols, fires, radiotransmissions
2 Use overwatch elements to keepenemy pressure off disengagingforces
3 Maintain OPSEC/COMSEC 4 Recon/prepare routes
7 Plan to move equipment
5 Recon/prepare new positions
6 Plan to move wounded
8 Move CSS early
10 Use obstacles to slow enemy
9 Move during limited visibility
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7-3 77
PASSAGE OF LINESCOORDINATION
(MECH)1. Disposition of the stationary force2. Contact points3. Select routes4. Size of passage lanes5. Attack position (forward move)6. Assembly area (rearward move)
7. Initial location8. Time of transfer of responsibility9. Traffic control/guides
10. Communications/call signs/frequencies
11. Supporting fires 12. Recognition signals 13. CS/CSS 14. Execution(LIGHT)
1. Ask for changes to previous coordination2. Known or suspected enemy3. Fire & barrier plan4. Actions on contact5. What type support provided
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77-47
WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTION 1 Withdrawal principles
2 Disengagement techniquebased on enemy status,terrain, available coveringfires
Simultaneous when overwatch is present; by teams; thinning the lines
Initiate break contact drillusing fire, maneuver,overwatch, obscuration
Co Cdr controls sequence of plt withdrawals/PL controls squads
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7-5 77
WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTION
3 Maintain base of fire
Use Infantry in close terrain/limited visibility/againstdismounted enemy
Move AT weapons/tanks backfirst against enemy mountedattack
4 Plan for/specify
Scheme for maneuver
Time of withdrawal
Location of new positions
Size/make-up of advanceparty/overwatch forces
Routes/checkpoints
Battle/overwatch positions
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77-67
WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTION
Remount point(s)
Evacuation of wounded
Evacuation of equipment
Priorities
Obstacles
Items to destroy
Notes:
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ITEM ACTION
WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
1 Withdrawal principles
Speed/secrecy/deception
At night/in reduced visibility
As part of a larger force to perform another mission
2 For plt as company securityforce
Cover entire company area
Reposition sqds/wpns to coverwithdrawal
Place 1 sqd's key weapons ineach plt psn to cover mostdangerous AA
Co XO or PL is security force leader
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77-87
WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTION 3 For security force made up of
1 sqd / 1mg tm / 2 dragons
SL left in position is plt securityleaderReposition sqd to cover pltwithdrawal and plt area
CP scty force Cdr controls pltscty force during withdrawal
4 Security Force
Conceals withdrawal
Deceives enemy-keeps upnormal operating patterns
Provides covering fire if enemyattacksWithdraw when company is atnext position or as ordered
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7-9 77
WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTIONGets withdrawal order by landline or radio codewordUses company plan to withdraw
Reassembles to move to rear
If under attack, conducts fireand maneuver to rear until theybreak contact
5 Quartering party
Send ahead before withdrawalPSG and guide for each squad
Recons and selects psn/sectors/routes/OP for plt
Meets and guides plt into psn
PSG meets/briefs PL onposition/situation
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77-107
WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
ITEM ACTION 6 Company OPORD contains
Time withdrawal will startLocation of plt/co assemblyarea & routes betweenPlt mission(s) upon arrival
Next co/plt mission
7 Platoon Leader plans
Location of sqd/plt assemblyareas and routes between
Size/org/Cdr of scty force
Size/org/Cdr of scty force
Next plt/sqd mission(s)
Sqd missions on arrival
When his withdrawal starts
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1 Incoming leader recons area 2 Incoming and outgoing leaders
coordinate
3 Exchange liaison personnel
4 Coordinate positions ofweapons and vehicles
5 Exchange range cards and fireplans
6 Exchange relief or organic firesupport elements
7 Coordinate obstacles locations 8 Transfer responsibility for
minefields
9 Coordinate routes into and outof positions
10 Coordinate vehicle guides
RELIEF IN PLACE ITEM ACTION
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77-127
RELIEF IN PLACE
11 Transfer excess ammo, wirelines, POL, and other materialto incoming unit
12 Coordinate commo for one netduring relief
13 Coordinate enemy situation andintelligence
14 Coordinate sequence of relief
ITEM ACTION
15 Coordinate time of change ofresponsibility for the area
Notes:
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8-1 88
PATROL PLANNING STEPSSTEP ACTION
Identify actions on objectivethen plan backward
Analyze mission in accordancewith factors of METT-T
Task organize
Organize patrol
Select personnel/wpns/equip
Coordinate
Make recon
Execute mission
Supervise/inspect/rehearse
12
9
8
2
1
3
45
6 Issue warning order
Issue order10
7
11
Complete detailed plans
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88-28
PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEM
1 Between leader & BN staffor CO CDR
Fire support on obj & alongplanned primary/alt routes
Rehearsal areas & times
Special equipment
Departure/reentry offriendly lines
Use/location of LZs
Attachment of soldierswith special skills/equip
Changes in friendly situationLight/weather data
Best use of terrainfor routes, RPs, PBs
Changes/updates to enemysituation
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8-3 88
PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEM
Transportation support
Signal plan
PL coordinate with leadersof other patrols
3
2 Coord with unit thru whichplt/sqd will conduct forward& rearward passage of lines
Notes:
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88-48
DESCRIPTIONITEMCOMPLETE THE PLAN
Essential & supporting taskson objective, RPs, dangerareas, security/surveillancelocations, along routes/passagelanes
Key travel & execution timesfor movement, leader recon,estab of security, completionof tasks on obj, movement toORP, return through friendlylines
Primary & alternate routes
Signals, including rehearsalof special signals
1
2
4
3
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DESCRIPTIONITEMCOMPLETE THE PLAN
5
7
Challenge & password forwardof friendly lines (SOI notforward of FEBA)
Actions on enemy contact,including WIA/KIA, EPWs
Contingency plansWhere leader is goingWho else is going alongAmount of time leader isplanning to be goneActions to be taken ifleader does not returnActions on chance contactwhile leader is gone
6
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88-68
DEPARTURE FROMFRIENDLY LINES
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Coordinate with CDR of forwardunit/leaders of other patrolsSOI, plans, password, procedures,rally points, enemy information
PL provide unit ID, patrol size,departure & return times, AOFwd unit provide info on terrain,en posns/activity, ambush sites,friendly posns, OPs, obstacles& fire plan, support available
PlanningMove to initial rally pointComplete final coordinationMove to/thru passage point/singlefileEstablish security
2
1
3
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RALLY POINTSDESCRIPTIONITEM
SelectionEasy to findOffer cover & concealmentAway from natural lines of driftDefendable for short periods
TypesInitial - inside friendly linesEn route - every 100-400 metersbased on terrain, vegetation,visibilityObjective rally point (ORP) out ofsight, sound, small arms rangeReentry rally point outside friendlyFPFNear & far side rally points -danger areas
2
1
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88-88
PATROL REPORT (DEBRIEFED)A. Patrol size and composition _____________________________________________B. Mission (type, location, purpose ofpatrol) _________________________________________________________________C. Time of Departure and return________
___________________________________D. Routes out and back (checkpoints,grid, overlays) _______________________E. Decription of terrain and enemy
position ____________________________F. Results of enemy encounters _______
____________________________________ G. Misc information/map corrections____
____________________________________H. Condition of personnel _________________________________________________I. Conclusions/recommendations___________________________________________
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8-9 88
STEP ACTIONSELECTION OF A PATROL BASE
1 Pick tentative PB site from mapor aerial recon
3 Select site considering lack oftactical value to enemy, terrain,trafficability, water
4 Plan for OPs/commo with OPs
6 Provide security/alert plan,camouflage, noise/light/litterdiscipline
2 Plan for alternate site; recon andobserve until occupied or notneeded
5 Plan for defense of PB,withdrawal routes, rally andrendezvous points
7 Avoid enemy positions, built upareas, ridges, roads/trails, slopes
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88-108
OCCUPATION OF A PATROL BASE STEP ACTION
Element ldrs recon sectors andreturn to CPLdr sends 2 to bring patrol fwd
5 R&S team recon fwd, moveclockwise
4 Ldr check perimeter by meetingelement leaders in turn
3 Occupation single file/camouflaged
2 Recon
1 Approach - halt patrolConduct leader recon of site
Patrol ldr designates entrypoint/CP at center of base
7 Ldr designates routes andRPs outside
8 Each element sets commo, OPs
6 R&S teams report enemy activity,OPs, RPs, withdrawal routes
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8-11 88
PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES
1
4
STEP ACTION
2 Alert plan & stand-to time day & nightCheck posns, OPs, rotate leaders
SecurityOne point of entry/exitNoise light litter discipline -challenge allAiming stakes & claymores inEach sqd estab OP/dig hasty posnsSLs prep sector sketch/range cards
3 Withdrawal planSignals, order, rendezvous point
Maintenance plan for wpns, commo,NVDs
Sanitation & personal hygiene plan
Mess plan & water resupply
Sterilize upon departure
6
7
5
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88-128
ITEM TASKS
1 Conduct with combat patrol;plan withdrawal
2 Attack /destroy posn/installation
3 Destroy or capture enemytroops/equipment
4 Rescue friendly personnel
5 Gather Priority IntelligenceRequirements (PIR)
6 Do not become decisivelyengaged
7 Attack when least expected, inpoor visibility, from unexpecteddirection and terrain
8 Concentrate fire at critical points
9 Achieve violence by surprise,massed fire, aggressive attack
PRINCIPLES OF A RAID
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8-13 88
STEP ACTION 1 Patrol move to ORP for recon
2 Security element duties
Move to positions, secure ORP
Shoot only if detected or on order; cover withdrawal of assault and support elements from ORP
Inform patrol leader of changes on objective
Block avenues of approachinto/prevent escape fromobjective area- seal off area
CONDUCT A RAID
Recon & secure ORP, conductleader recon of objective
Coordinate movements of elements to objective
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88-148
3 Support element duties STEP ACTION
Cover withdrawal of assault element Withdraw on order/signal
4 Assault element duties
Move into psn prior to assault element
Deploy close to objective forimmediate assault (if detected)
Seize, secure objective whensupporting fire lifts or shifts
5 Reorganize patrol 1km or 1terrain feature from ORP: report,redistribute ammo, treatcasualties, disseminate info
Withdraw on order/signal
Protect demolition/search teams
CONDUCT A RAID
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8-15 88
PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSH ITEM PRINCIPLE 1 Place effective fires into entire
kill zone - assign sectors 2 Use well-trained teams with
simple plan and prior recon 3 Maintain security, especially
when returning to friendly psn 4 Soldier and weapon placement -
priority to concealment andfields of fire
5 Clear signals to open/shift/ceasefire
6 Point ambush - enemy attackedin single kill zone
7 Area ambush - unit deploys to2 or more related pointambushes in area
Security elements/teams on flank & rear if possible
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88-168
8 Vehicular ambush - stop lead& trail vehicles in kill zone;kill armor first
Man trap/natural boundary onfar side of kill zonePlan indirect fires to sealarea & cover withdrawalInitiate with most casualtyproducing wpn - have backup
ITEM PRINCIPLE
Control soldiers/issue clear orders & signals
Pl reorganize into assaultelement, support element,security element
Use sector stakesMove to position after EENT;plan illum
PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSH
9 Night ambush similar to day
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8-17 88
STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH
Point or area? L-shaped or linear?1
5
Is kill zone isolated & deadspace covered w/mines, demo,indirect fire?
4
6
2 Are routes to & from concealed& known to all?
3 Do positions provide earlywarning & effective firesonto kill zone?
Does everyone know signal (& backup) to warn of enemy approach, initiate ambush, shift/lift, withdraw?
Does everyone know withdrawalroutes & sequence?
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88-188
STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH
Are routes covered by mines orindirect fire if ambush fails?
Does everyone know what todo if ambush detected?
What is the running password?
Does everyone know teams/tasks?
Notes:
9
10
7
8
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8-19 88
CONDUCT AN AMBUSH STEP ACTION
METT-T/overall situation Ease of control/target
1 Ambush formation based on
2 Patrol halt at ORP
Establish security/confirm location Recon objective to confirm plan
Return to ORP/leave R&S team 3 Security element secure ORP
& flank of ambush site
4 Support/assault elements leaveORP
When security in position Occupy positions
Support overwatches assault move to ambush site
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88-208
CONDUCT AN AMBUSH STEP ACTION
8 Withdraw to ORP foraccountability, disseminateinformation, return to friendlyposition
5 Patrol waits for target after allelements in position
6 Security team alerts patrol onenemy direction of movement,target size, special weapons/equipment
7 Patrol ldr alerts other elements
Initiates when most of target in kill zone
Lift/shift fire if assault into zone required
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8-21 88
PLAN A RECON MISSION STEP ACTION
1 Make estimate of the situation Current intelligence
Capabilities of unit
Task organize to support mission
Inspection of recon force and equipment
Ways to minimize audio and electronic equipment
Rehearsal Use of STANO devices
Methods to remain undetected
2 Plan Intelligence
Use of smallest unit possible to accomplish mission
Deceptive measures
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88-228
PLAN A RECON MISSION STEP ACTION
Security of force
Recon of objective
Command and control
3 Subordinate missions
Notes:
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8-23 88
RECON ZONE ITEM METHOD
Use fan method
PL selects series of ORPsthrough zone
1
Each element recons own route;entire unit links up at end
Leader select ORP. Recon rtesthrough zone, and then a link uppoint
Use converging routes method2
After recon complete, move tonext ORP and repeat
Select recon rtes to and from ORP -overlapping rtes form fan shapedpattern around ORP. Reconelements recon adjacent rtes
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88-248
RECON ZONE ITEM METHOD
Notes:
Use successive sectors method3
Each link up point becomes ORPfor next phase
Leader selects ORP, a series ofrecon rtes, and link up points
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8-25 88
RECON AREA
Separate recon and security elementsif objective restricted in area,clearly defined, with specificavenues of approach
ITEM METHOD
After obj recon, recon element& security return to ORP anddisseminate information OR
After security in place, reconelement departs ORP torecon objective
Security teams move on covered& concealed rtes to posns
Designate positions for securityteam
Conduct leader recon
1
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88-268
RECON AREA
Combine R&S elements if objectivenot clearly defined and located, andterrain does not permit plt to secureobjective area or if detection possible
One R&S team stay in ORP to act asreaction force in case of contact
ITEM METHOD
1 R&S team w/one follow on securityteam to follow, acts as quick reactionforce; entire unit departs when reconcomplete
2 R&S teams use ORP as releasepoint, then link up at point on farside of objective
Several R&S teams recon separateparts of obj, then link up at ORP
2
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8-27 88
RECON AREA ITEM METHOD
Recon objective by long rangesurveillance if possible; shortrange surveillance if required byMETT-T; avoid detection
4
Notes:
Techniques: observe/collect/record information about enemy/use binosWell-rehearsed planCover movement w/battlefieldnoiseEstablish control measures,alternate routes, fire support
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99-19
NBC-1 REPORT LINE ITEM *CHEM/BIO
B Position of observer - (UTM coord)
C Direction of attack from observer(Degrees) (Mils)
D Date-time group of detonation/*area attacked (DTC)
H Height of burst/*type of agent(Air) (Surface) (Unknown)
G Means of delivery (artillery, mortar, spray, etc.)
F Location of attack/*area attacked(Actual) (Estimated)(UTM coord)
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99-29
NBC-4 REPORT LINE ITEM
H
Location of reading (UTM coord)(Air) (Liquid)
R
Q
Height of burst/*agent-type (Air) (Surface) (Unknown)
Dose rate - measure in open,1 meter above the ground
S DTG of initial reading
(cGy/hr)
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99-39
STEP ACTION
Increase MOPP level IAW intel
Set up chemical agent alarm100-150 m out & upwind
Affix M8/M9 detector paper
Reservice/check every 24 hrs
Attach M42 to M43A1 w/wire(MAX 400M); place near PLTCP & commo
Prep overhead cover
Alert detection teams, M256 kit
Leaders check for readiness
1
3
4
5
6
2
NBC-PRIOR TO ATTACK
Cover equipment not in activeuse
7
Prevent tampering
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99-49
STEP ACTION
NBC-DURING ATTACK
Go to MOPP4
Initate detection measures:vapor M256 kit; liquid M8/M9paper; close inlet/outlet portsof M8A1 alarm
1
2
3
4
5
STOP BREATHING, MASK &GIVE ALARMwarn subordinate & higher:send "GAS, GAS, GAS, ANDGRID" messageleaders give order to mask& take protective action
Seek overhead cover for self,cover equipment, close up vehicle
DecontaminateM258A1/M291 on skin & equipM11/M13DAP to apply DS2
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99-59
STEP
NBC-DURING ATTACKACTION
Report; send follow up NBC1reports
Leaders check personnel &protection
Continue the mission8
7
6
Notes:
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99-69
STEP
NBC-AFTER ATTACKACTION
CONTINUE THE MISSION
Decontaminate personnelw/M258A1/M291 kits;Apply DS-2 to vehicles
Maintain MOPP4 until orderedto lower level
Inform CP of extent ofcontamination-mark personnel,equipment & areas
Minimize effects on personnel/equipment
1
2
3
4
5
Hasty decon: MOPP gearexchange, vehicle washdownw/M17LDS, M12
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99-79
STEP
NBC-AFTER ATTACKACTION
Casualties - decon with PDK& wrapped as appropriate
6
Deliberate decon: detailedtroop (unit), equipment(decon plt)
Notes:
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99-89
STEP ACTION
1 Use all available detectionequipment (M8 & M9 paper,chemical alarms, etc.)before proceeding
Get Cdr's approval2
Employ M256 or M256A1Detector Kit
3
If no chemical agent detected,have 1-2 soldiers unmaskin shade for 5 minutes;remask for 10 minutes
Check for symptoms; if none,others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms.
4
5
UNMASKING WITH CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR KIT
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99-99
Get Cdr's approvalHave 1-3 soldiers hold breath& break seal of mask in shadefor 15 seconds, eyes openReseal, clear & check masks,wait 10 minutesCheck for symptoms; if none,break seal of mask, take 2-3breaths; repeat Step 4If no symptoms, have soldiersunmask for 5 minutes; remaskfor 10 minutesCheck for symptoms; if none,others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms
6
4
3
1
2
5
7
UNMASK WITHOUT CHEMICALAGENT DETECTOR KIT
STEP ACTIONUse all available detectionequip (M8 & M9 paper, chemicalalarms, etc.) before proceeding
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99-10
9
GLOVES
carried
carried
carried
worn
worn
MO
PP
LEV
ELS
MOPPLEVEL
0
1
2
3
4
OVER-GARMENTS
Carried
Worn open
or closed
Worn open
or closed
Worn open
or closed
Worn closed
OVERBOOTS
carried
carried
worn
worn
worn
MASK/HOOD
carried
carried
worn
worn
worn
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99-119
STEP
DETAILED TROOP DECONACTION
Equipment decon
Mask decon
Re-issue point
Mask removal (vapor controlline)
Monitor (medical/contam eval)
Remove boot & glove
Mask/hood decon & boot shuffle
Remove over garmentjacket-high jumper trousers
5
1
8
7
6
4
3
2
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99-129
STEP
MOPP GEAR EXCHANGEACTION
Gear drop & decon*
Remove overgarment**jacket black side outtrousers
Decon hood & roll**
Remove overboots & stepon jackets**
*solo **buddy team assist
Remove CP gloves**
Put on overgarment*
Put on overboots*
Put on CP gloves*
Roll down & secure hood**
Secure gear*
5
6
7
9
8
4
2
3
1
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99-139
MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEM
STEP ACTION 1 Locate/identify contaminated
area 2 For radiological use marker
labeled ATOM. Print informationso word "ATOM" faces towardyou & in upright psn: print doserate (centigrays/hr ); date/time(state ZULU or local) of reading& detonation. If unknownprint "UNKNOWN"
3 For biological use markerlabeled BIO; for chemical usemarker labeled GAS. Use sameprocedures as above, statingtype of agent, if known
4 Position markers so informationfaces away from contaminatedarea
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99-149
MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEM
STEP ACTION
5 Attach markers so they can beseen from all routes througharea; ensure each is visible fromprevious marker.
6 Place ATOM markers atlocations where dose ratemeasures 1 centigray/hr (cGy/hr)or more
Notes:
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99-159
PREPARE FOR NBC ATTACK/PROTECT AGAINST
ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE STEP ACTION
1 Ensure ALL items are covered ordug in when not in use
2 Park vehicles with air ventsaway from winds; close hatches,doors, etc.
3 Protect electronic equipmentagainst EMP by disconnectingantennas & spare equipment;shield with metal
4 Use highest freq possible; neveruse commercial power. Keepcable & wire short; bury 18"
5 Use remote sets only whenrequired; use common groundfor all equipment; insulateantenna guy lines
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99-169
SUPERVISERADIATION MONITORING
1 List grid coordinates of centralpoint in area
2 Tell IM-174/AN/VDR-2 operatorto take readings from centralpoint hourly; check thatoperator uses IM-174/AN/VDR-2correctly
5 Check hourly when readingdrops below 1 cGy/hr
4 Take continuous readings ifreading is 1 or more cGy/hr;fallout warning received ornuclear burst seen; if moving toanother location
3 Have operator report readings toyou immediately; use NBC-4report
STEP ACTION
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99-179
USING A DOSIMETER STEP ACTION
1 Hold viewing end of dosimeterup to your eye, pointing towardlight but not directly into thesun. An IM93 must be held parallel to the ground.
2 Point where vertical hairlinecrosses scale is total amountof radiation received in cGy
Notes:
3 Report the number of cGyto your Cdr
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1 Turn in for recharging anydosimeter that does not read 0;recharge dosimeters daily
2 Have soldiers who performduties in unit's area weardosimeters
3 Collect readings from soldiers atthe same time, at least oncedaily; ensure readings areaccurate
4 Add reported readings together;divide by number of readings
STEP ACTION
COLLECT/REPORTTOTAL RADIATION DOSE
5 Round up to nearest 10 andreport to Cdr
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1010-110
ITEM PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLES OF FIRE SUPPORTPLANNING/COORDINATION
1 Plan early & continuously
2 Consider all available resources& means of fire support -mortars, artillery, attackhelicopters, CAS
7 Use lowest echelon possible
6 Before LD, LD to OBJ, on OBJ,beyond OBJ
4 Provide flexibility & safe fires
5 Insure continuous targeting -likely, known & suspectedenemy locations
3 Select most effective asset& avoid duplication-checkwith higher
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1010-210
STEP DESCRIPTIONCALL FOR FIRE
STEPS 1-3 ARE REQUIRED
Observer ID & warning order:Adjust fireFire for effect (FFE)Suppress (Tgt #)Immediate suppression (Grid)
Target location methodsGrid - 6 digit grid/directionPolar - direction, distanceShift from a known point - directionto tgt, add or drop, left or right fromkp (dir always OBS to TGT)
Target description (SNAP)Size/shapeNature/nomenclatureActivityProtection
1
2
3
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1010-310
CALL FOR FIRE STEP DESCRIPTION
Method of engagementType of adjustmentsDanger closeTrajectory, AmmunitionDistribution
Method of fire & controlAt my command/Cannot observeTime on targetContinuous/coordinated illumCease loadingCheck firing/Continuous fireRepeat
Refinement & end of missionCorrect, Record, Report battle damage assessment
5
6
4
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1010-410
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1010-510
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1010-610
NAME
105MM/M102105MM/M119155MM/M198155MM/M109155MM/M109A6 Paladin227MM/MLRSMLRS(ATACM)
11,50014,00018,10018,10023,500 RAP30KM100KM
ROF -MAX/SUST
HE SMOKE ILLUM
HE WP ILLUM RED PHE WP ILLUMHE WP ILLUM
TYPERANGENAME
PLANNING RANGE
10 RPM/3 RPM 6 RPM/3 RPM 4 RPM/1 RPM 4 RPM/1 RPM 6 RPM/1 RPM
12 RDS/M 2 missiles/18sec
HE WP ILLUM
70-350070-479073-5600770-6840200-7200
60mm/M22481mm/M29A181mm/M252107mm/M30120mm/M120
MORTAR/ARTILLERYCAPABILITIES
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1010-710
AFV WEAPON CAPABILITIESEFFECTIVE RANGE (METERS)
7.62 .50 25 40 105/120 152 TOW/SYSTEM mm mm mm mm mm mm SHIL
HMMWVM1044 1100 1800 2200 3750
M901 ITV 1100 3750
M113 APC 1800 2200 or 3750
M2/ 3 BFV 1100 1750 AP 3750 3000 HE
LAV25 1100 3000
M1/M1A1 1100 1800 2800/ 3990
M60A1/A3 1100 1800 1700
M551 SHER 1100 1800 2000 3000
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1010-810
TARGET ACQUISITION ITEM SIGNATURE
1 Soldiers - trash, damagedvegetation, noise
2 Tracked vehicles - fuel, smoke,noise
6 Mines and obstacles - strangematerial, tripwires, loose/disturbed dirt, tactical barbedwire
4 Artillery - noise, smoke, flash
5 Aircraft - noise, glare, vaportrails, dust
3 Antitank weapons - noise, wires,vapor trails, flash
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1010-910
ATTACK HELICOPTERCAPABILITIES
NAME WEAPON # RANGE M
281
930037501500
AH-1(S) 170 410 2.75" FFAR TOW 20mm cannon
OH-58D KIOWA 2.75" FFAR 7-14 9300 WARRIOR HELLFIRE 2-4 6000
12.7mm HMG 1 1800
AH-6 LITTLE BIRD 7.62 minigun 1 1100 2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300
AH-1(G) COBRA 2.75" FFAR 4 9300 7.62 minigun 1 1100 40mm GL 1 2000
AH-64 140 690 2.75" FFAR 7-28 HELLFIRE 1-16
30mm chaingun 1
AH-60L DIRECT ACTION 2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300 PENETRATOR HELLFIRE 1-16 6000 7.62 minigun 1 1100
930060002500
APACHE
COBRA
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1010-1010
SHELREP - MORTREP - BOMBREPARTILLERY COUNTERFIRE
Damage
Flash-to-Bang-Time
Number, type & caliber of rounds
Nature of fire
Number of guns
Coordinates of shelled areas
Time shelling ended
Time shelling started
AZ to flash or sound
Coordinates of observer
Call signA
D
I
J
K
B
C
E
F
G
H
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11-111 11
SUPPLIES AND LOGISTICALSERVICES
ITEM PRINCIPLE
1 Chain of command plans forsupply status & equipment forfighting; 1SG directs Co logservices; PSG coordinates/supervises platoon maintenancewith 1SG
2 Plt logistics includes long &short term supply/transportation/maintenance
3 PSG coordinates/supervises bygetting requests for supplies/equipment from SLs and PLs;reviewing & consolidating,giving list to 1SG or supply sgt
4 PSG must maintain status ofsupplies & equipment in plt,monitors requests, reports to PL
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1111-211
PRECOMBAT CHECKS - MECH ITEM ACTION
1 Complete prepare to fireweapons checks
2 Complete preops PMCS; resolveproblems
3 Load vehicles/rucks per loadplans
4 Clean/function check individual& crew served weapons
5 Top off vehicles 6 Stow basic load of Classes I & V 7 Fill canteens, water & oil cans
as needed 8 Index battlesights 9 Check radio frequency and
operation if authorized.10 Check speech security
equipment and operation ifauthorized
11 Check personnel; brief mission12 Rehearse
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11-311 11
ITEM ACTIONPRECOMBAT CHECKS - LIGHT
1 Leaders inspect equipment andcamouflage
2 Packing list checked
3 Compasses, maps present
4 Communications check
5 Rations drawn
6 Weapons test fired
Notes:
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1111-411
CLASSES OF SUPPLY CLASS DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
I Rations
II Expendables
III POL
IV Barrier material
V Ammunition
VI Sundry
VII Major end items
VIII Medical
IX Repair parts
X Material to support nonmilitary programs
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12-112 12
ELECTRO COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURES
1 To determine if you are beingjammed, disconnect antenna.If noise stops, then starts againwhen antenna is reconnected,suspect jamming. If noise doesnot stop, check radio malfunction.
Use directional antenna
Turn squelch off
NEVER acknowledge jamming
Move after transmission
Relocate to mask jammingsignal with terrain
Continue to transmit on highest power setting
2 If you are being jammed:
3 MIJI Report
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12-212 12
RADIO TROUBLESHOOTING STEP ACTION
1 Check frequency setting
2 Check battery: charge-new
3 Check antenna: upright-clear
4 Check ALL connections frombattery through to antenna:clean-dry-tighten
5 Check ALL power and positionswitches
6 Replace CVC or handset
7 Check distance/position forterrain mask; move if needed
8 Check antenna top section:repair if broken-replace if lost
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12-312 12
SPLICING FIELD WIRE ITEM ACTION 1 Prepare conductors for splicing:
2 Splice: Tie long conductor of 1pair to short conductor of otherin square knot. Repeat forsecond pair
Cut 6" back from one side ofeach pair so lengths areuneven
Untwist both ends of wire,remove insulation
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12-412 12
SPLICING FIELD WIRE ITEM ACTION 3 Secure splices:
Separate steel strands fromcopper, cutting steel even withinsulation
Cross left hand end of copperstrands over top of knot; wrapover bare portion of right handconductor
Continue for two wraps; cut offexcess copperRepeat for right hand end
Start at center of splice & wraptape to cover 1 1/2" ofinsulation at one endWork tape back over center ofknot to cover other sideRetape back to center
4 Tape splices:
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12-512 12
STEP ACTIONINSTALLING COMMO LINES
1 Test field wire on reel: attachtelephone sets to ends; ifcommo check clear, install wire.
2 Installing field wire: tie to fixedobject to start & end (allowslack); tie several places atground level
3 Attach wire tags at roadcrossings, telephones & teststations, both sides of buried oraerial crossings, locations withseveral lines.
4 Test wire line after buried oraerial crossings, before & aftersplicing new reel, beforeconnecting line to switchboard.
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12-612 12
CROSSING OBJECTSWITH COMMO LINES
STEP ACTION 1 Culvert: Attach wire tag on each
side of road, pass wire thruculvert, add protective tape atends of culvert.
4 Railroad crossing: Cut enoughwire to reach across tracks, pullunder tracks & secure withstakes along crossties. Splice towire reel; bury exposed wire.
3 Buried crossings: Dig 6-12"deep trench extending beyondeach side of road, lay wireloosely, tag, backfill.
2 Aerial crossings: Clear roads byat least 7m, using trees or polesto raise wire. Use lance poles ifneeded.
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12-712 12
MESSENGER BRIEFING1. Name/location of person to receive message.
2. Route to follow.
3. Danger points to avoid.
4. Speed required.
5. Is answer required?
6. Action if message cannot be delivered.
7. Special instructions.
8. Content (if required).
9. Report destination at OP/lines.
10. Challenge/Password.
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13-1 1313
INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELD
STEP ACTION
1 Report intention/getauthorization to lay minefield
2 Recon for best sites, under unitobservation/fire, integrating withother defense plans
3 Report initiation of field; placein irregular pattern on avenuesof approach
4 Record Field on DA 1355-1-R
5 Arm mines - from enemy side tofriendly side
6 Report completion of field; warnadjacent units
7 Retain DA 1355-1-R as long asunit/field stay in place; if fieldabandoned forward to Cdr
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13-213 13
INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELD
STEP ACTION
8 Removal: if DA 1355-1-R notavailable, treat as enemy fieldand use breaching techniques
9 Remove mines in order usingazimuths and distances fromDA 1355-1-R
Notes:
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13-3 1313
DA FORM 1355-1-R
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13-413 13
DA FORM 1355-1-R
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13-5 1313
BREACHING ANDCLEARING MINEFIELDS
STEP ACTION
1 Suppress enemy coveringobstacles
2 Obscure area with smoke
3 Secure near side
4 Reduce obstacle-blow or probelane through
7 Mark cleared lane
8 Move unit through obstacle
5 Secure the far side
(time permitting) 6 Blow marked mines in place
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13-613 13
STEP ACTIONNONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM
3 Cut fuse to proper length & passend thru priming adapter
2 Determine amount of explosiveneeded
1 Determine length of fuse neededCut & discard 6" length; cut off3' length to determine burn rateLight fuse end and list time ittakes to burn
Compute burn rate per foot(time/burn rate)
4 Attach M60 fuse igniter:unscrew fuse holder cap, pressshipping plug into igniter, rotate& remove plug, insert fuse infuse hole, tighten cap
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13-7 1313
NONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM STEP ACTION
Notes:
Attach blasting cap to fuse5
6 Pull pin to detonate charge
Inspect open end, removedebris by tapping or shakinggentlyHold fuse vertically withsquare end up
Slip cap down over fuse so cap& fuse are in contactTurn cap out & away from body& crimp cap at point 1/8-1/4"from open end
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13-813 13
NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCK
Note: prime by wrapping demolitionblocks with detonating cord, by insertingknot of detonating cord into plasticexplosive, by lacing cord thru dynamite,40-pound cratering charges or shapedcharges
STEP ACTION
1 Prime with threaded cap well &priming adapter:
Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap lead wire tofiring wire & pass thru adapterslot, pull cap into place, thenfinish as above
Non-electric inspect cap well,insert cap with fuse into capwell, screw in adapter
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13-9 1313
NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCK
STEP ACTION 2 Prime with threaded cap well
without priming adapter: Non-electric inspect cap well, wrap &tie string around block, leavingexcess, insert blasting cap withfuse into cap well - use loosestring to keep cap fromseparating from block.Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap wire to firingwire, pass lead wires thruadapter slot & insert electric capinto cap well, tie lead wiresaround block, allowing slack.
3 Prime without threaded cap wellor priming adapter: Non-electric & electric make hole withM2 crimpers, then follow step 2.
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13-1013 13
CLEAR NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICMISFIRES
3 UNTAMPED - Without moving ordisturbing misfired charge,detonate 1-pound charge at sideTAMPED - Dig within 1 foot of mis-fired charge; detonate a 2-poundcharge on top of misfired charge
2 ELECTRIC - If dual primed with non-electric system, wait 30 minutes.
Check firing wire connections,make 2-3 more attempts to fire;disconnect firing wire from blastingmachine & shunt wires; checkentire system for breaks/shorts
1 NON-ELECTRIC - Wait 30 minutesafter misfire before moving tocharge
STEP ACTION
Note: If possible, misfire should be cleared by soldier who placed the charge
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13-11 1313
2 Test electric blasting cap; twistfree wire ends together
3 Move to firing point & test entire
4 Test blasting machine/depress
ELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM STEP ACTION
set or galvanometer; lay outfrom charges to firing position
1 Check firing wire with M51 test
circuit
handle
2 blasting machine posts &detonate charge
5 On order, connect lead wires to
Notes:
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14-114 14
ITEM DESCRIPTION
3
2
1
5
6
Rigidly enforce the Rules ofEngagement devised anddisseminated by higher
Leaders will take stepsnecessary & appropriate forunit's self-defense
Use minimum force necessaryto control the situation andaccomplish the mission
4 Individuals apply commonsense
Minimize risk to innocentcivilians without endangeringthe mission
Train to specific ROEusing vignettes and dilemmas
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT(ROE)
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1414-214
AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
Where are refugees from?Size & area of population
What is food & water status?
1
2
8 What is the security situation?
What UN relief agencies arein operation?
7
What organization/leadershipdo most of the people support?
What civil/military organizationsexist; who are the leaders?
What is medical status?3
4
6
What civilian organizationsexist; who are the leaders?
DESCRIPTIONITEM
5
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14-314 14
AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
What is the size and compositionof the transient population?
What food is available and whatdoes it cost?
Which groups are most in need?
What commercial or businessactivities are there?
What skilled labor and servicesare available?
9
How many families are involved?
10
11 What civil projects would leaderslike to see accomplished?
12
13
14
15
ITEM DESCRIPTION
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1414-414
CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCK PIR CHECKLIST
1
2
TO BE REPORTEDITEMNumber & type of vehiclesstopped; markings, licensenumber, signs
Number of passengers pervehicle; ages, genders
Type and quality of cargo
Point of origin & destination
Stated reason for passengertravel
Any weapons found
Any passenger reportsof sightings of weapons,technical equipment orbandits
3
4
5
6
7
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14-514 14
TO BE REPORTEDITEM
Condition of passengers(general health, dress, attitude)
8
Anything unusual observed/reported by passengers
9
Notes:
CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCK PIR CHECKLIST
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15 1515-1
1. Loading procedures ____________________________________________________________________________________2. Bump plan (for individuals/loads) _________________________________________________________________________3. Use of safety belts __________________________________________________4. Preflight safety inspection of troops ____________________________________5. In-flight procedures _________________________________________________6. Downed aircraft procedures _____________________________________________________________________________7. Offloading procedures _______________________________________________8. Movement from the LZ/AZ____________________________________________
AIRCRAFT TROOPCOMMANDER BRIEFING
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15 1515-2
SAFETY BRIEFING CHECKLISTACTIONITEM
Never approach rotary wing aircraft from rear or front; alwaysfrom sides
Keep sleeves rolled downCarry weapons without bayonet,safety on, bolt closed, chamberempty, muzzle DOWNBend or tie down radio antennasFasten seatbelts & leave buckleduntil crew chief signals exitMaintain written manifest (unit,rank, full name, SSN) separatefrom aircraft
2
3
45
6
8
Approach/depart in a crouch ondown slope side to ensureclearance
7
Wear ID tags, earplugs, helmets,when in/near aircraft
1
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15 1515-3
REVERSE PLANNING SEQUENCEITEM
Landing plan
Air movement plan
Loading plan
Staging plan
Notes:
3
4
5
2
Ground tactical plan1
ACTION
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15 1515-4
GROUND TACTICAL PLANCONSIDERATIONS
CONSIDERATIONITEMMissions of all force elementsand methods of employment
Zones of attack, sectors, orareas of operations with graphiccontrol measures
Combat service support toinclude resupply, evacuation,and plans to sustain the force
Fire support to include graphiccontrol measures
Location and size of reserves
Task organization to includecommand relationships
1
2
3
4
5
6
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15 1515-5
LANDING PLANCONSIDERATION
ITEMSupports ground tactical plan1Availability, location & size of LZ2
Force is vulnerable duringlanding
3
4 Elements must land with tacticalintegrity
5 Inform all troops if landingdirection changes
7
Plan supporting fires in andaround each LZ for next lifts andon objectiveProvide for resupply & medicalevacuation by air
CONSIDERATION
Force must land prepared tofight in any direction
6
Offer flexibility for options inscheme of maneuver
8
9
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15 1515-6
ITEM
Weather/surface/slope
Identification from air
Obstacles
Cover/concealment
Enemy disposition/capabilities
Alternates (one per primary LZ)
Location (based on METT-T) &capacity (size)
4
Approach/departure routes
3
1
2
5
8
6
7
CRITERIA
LANDING ZONESELECTION CRITERIA
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15 1515-7
AIR ASSAULT PZ/LZPLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
ITEM
Reduced visibility may limit orpreclude use
2
3
1
LZs: Locate on, close by, orsome distance away from theobjective (based on METT-T);size determines how muchcombat power can be landed;deny enemy observation,acquisition, and ADA; land onenemy side of obstacles; avoidexposing aircraft.
PZs: Minimum movement;access to support assets;masked from enemyobservation; outside the rangeof enemy artillery
CONSIDERATION
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15 1515-8
EXTRACTION LOADING PLANREQUIREMENTS
ITEM
Fire support
Loading priorities
3
4
7
PZ control party organization &location
REQUIREMENTPZ locations, primary & alternate
PZ security
1
2
5 Sequence of extraction: mainbody, PZ control party, securityforce
6 Movement to PZ: route & order
NOTE: PZ TIME IS CRITICAL FACTOR
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15 1515-9
DUTY
LEADER DUTIES IN AIRASSAULT OPERATIONS
ITEM
Set up PZ, supervise marking/clearing of obstacles w/PZCO
Senior person in each lift locatedwith air mission cdr for C3
Brief all chalk leadersSupervise conduct of rehearsals
Supervise security, movement ofpersonnel & equipment, placementof chalks and slingloads on PZ
3
1
2
4
PZ Control Officer (PZCO)/controlparty: Ensure PZ is cleared; plan/initiate fire support & security;establish commo nets; lead aircraftsignalman responsible for visuallanding guidance for lead aircraft
Devise & disseminate bump plan6
5
7
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15 1515-10
ITEM
CHALK LEADER DUTIES/PLATOON AIR ASSAULT
Brief chalk & attachments onloading plan, tasks & positionsinside aircraft
Ensure soldiers maintainassigned areas for local security
Supervise loading of personnel;ensure all in assigned positions& buckled in
Keep current on location withmap & crew
2
3
Ensure personnel exit quickly,rush to safe distance (10-15m),assume prone position &prepare to return enemy fire.Ensure lights/panels emplaced
4
5
DUTY1
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15 1515-11
STEP ACTION
3 Ensure surface conditions freeof rocks and debris; avoid dust,sand & snow
4 Ensure ground firm enough tokeep helicopter from boggingdown during loading/unloading
SET UP A HELICOPTERLANDING SITE
2 Ground slope of site must be nomore than 15 degrees. If lessthan 7 degrees, land upslope; if7-15 degrees, land sideslope
1 Select & secure landing site;size depends on number & typeof helicopters
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15 1515-12
STEP ACTION
SET UP A HELICOPTERLANDING SITE
Remove obstacles on approach/deprture ends and clearly markobstructions that cannot beremoved. Ensure sufficientrunway to clear obstacles,10:1 horizontal clearance tovertical obstruct
5
6 Mark landing site and touch-down point based on mission,capabilities & situation. Usesmoke, signalman, lights; atnight mark touchdown pointwith inverted Y composed of 4lights.
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15 1515-13
NIGHT MARKING OFPZs AND LZs
7m
LEFTSTEM
BASE DIRECTIONAL
DIRECTION OF FLIGHT
NOTES: The aircraft touch down pointwill be midpoint on the legs of the Y. Ifmore than 1 will land in the same PZ orLZ, add 1 more light for each. For OH-,UH-, and AH-acft, mark each additionallanding point with 1 light at the exactpoint each acft is to land. For CH-acft,mark each additional point with 2 lightsplaced 10mm apart and aligned in the acftdirection of flight.
RIGHTSTEM
14m
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1616-116
STEP ACTION
1 Airway - clear and maintain
2 Bleeding - stop
EVALUATE A CASUALTY/FIRST AID
3 Cover & protect wound
4 Prevent or treat shock
Notes:
5 Check for fractures, burns,concussionAvoid moving suspectedneck or back injuries
6
Do not give water to abdominalwound except to moisten lips
7
8 Seek medical aid
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1616-216
SHOCK - SYMPTOMS/FIRST AID
2 Move to covered area. Laypatient on back, elevate feet,loosen clothing. Keep warm orcool depending on weather
1 Look for anxiety, agitation,confusion, pale, clammy, blotchywet skin, nervousness, thirst,nausea, loss of blood, rapidshallow breathing
Notes:
Calm patient
4 Seek medical aid
STEP ACTION
3
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1616-316
STEP ACTIONHEAT EXHAUSTION/HEAT CRAMPS
1 Look for moist pale, clammy wetskin, muscle cramps, sweating &thirst, headache & dizziness,faintness, weakness & nausea
2 Move patient to shade, loosenclothing. If patient conscious,medical personnel give saltwater slowly over next 12hours. Watch for continuedsymptoms
Notes:
3 Seek medical aid if unconscious
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1616-416
HEAT STROKE/SUN STROKE
1 Look for hot, dry, bright pinkskin, high temperature,dizziness, nausea, fast pulse,delerium, no sweating.
3 Seek medical aid; evacuate asURGENT; continue to cool.
2 Lower body temperatureIMMEDIATELY by immersion inwater, fanning, use ice ifavailable. Remove clothing.Give cool salt water ifconscious.
STEP ACTION
Notes:
NOTE: This is a medical EMERGENCY and potentially fatal
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1616-516
STEP ACTION
3 Seek medical aid; treat as littercasualty
Notes:
2 Shelter victim; keep warm withclothing or body heat; insulatefrom ground. Remove clothingfrom affected part; wrap looselyin dry sterile dressing. Do notmassage area or break blistersor further injury may result.
FROSTBITE
1 Look for redness, or grey orwaxy skin, frequently numb oritchy, blisters, areas of skin thatare unnaturally firm, or tenderand swollen.
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1616-616
1 Look for lowered body temp,violent uncontrolled shivering,lack of coordination, memoryloss, irrationality, lethargy,slurred speech
2 Move victim to sheltered area,cover and warm. Forceconscious patient to drinkquarts of heavily sugaredliquids, hot if possible. Replacewet clothing with dry if possible;use sleeping bag to insulatefrom ground. Keep patientawake and drinking fluids. Donot rub or give alcohol. Starttreatment before evacuation;evacuate when stable.
3 Seek medical aid.
HYPOTHERMIA/COLDWEATHER INJURY
STEP ACTION
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1616-716
REQUEST ARMY AIR MEDEVAC
LINE ITEM
NOTE: Send secure or encrypt all items.
1 Location of pick-up site
2 Pick-up site radio frequency,call sign, and suffix
5 # of patients by type (litter,ambulatory)
4 Special equipment required
3 # of patients by precedence(urgent, priority, routine)
6 Security of pick-up site
9 NBC considerations
7 Method of marking pick-up site
8 Patient nationality and status
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1616-816
STEP ACTION
Set up and ENFORCE an eatingand sleeping schedule for ALLpersonnel
Include OPORD and movementtimes in warning orders so sleepcan be scheduled
Keep orders simple and clear;insist on briefbacks
Do not permit sleeping in or nearvehicles; move to safe place
Recognize symptoms of sleeploss: not alert, slow responsetime, forgetful, mood change,short attention span, irritable
2
3
5
4
CONTINUOUS OPERATIONS(CONOPS) PLANNING
1
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1616-916
STEP ACTION
CONTINUOUS OPERATIONS(CONOPS) PLANNING
Recognize symptoms of stress:frustration, anger, tired evenafter rest, physical problemsinterfering with eating &sleeping, lack of confidence,forgetfulness
REINFORCE eating/sleepingschedules for all personnel,especially leaders
Situation permitting,deal with stress. Giveimmediate attention,reassurance; rest and food.Pair with buddy
7
8
6
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1616-1016
2 1/2 QT/HR
1
HEATCATEGORY
3
4
1/2 QT/HR CONTINUOUS
50 work/10 rest
45 work/15 rest
30 work/30 rest
5
Note: MOPP gear or body armor willincrease effects of heat. Watch fordehydration
20 work/40 rest
1 QT/HR
1 1/2 QT/HR
2 QT/HR
WATERINTAKE
WORK/RESTCYCLE(min)
HEAT PRECAUTIONS
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1717-117
ITEM PROCEDURE
1 Recon the area
2 Estimate the situation
3 Calculate the ratio (resistancedivided by effort)
4 Obtain resistance
5 Verify solution
6 Erect rigging
7 Recheck rigging
8 You are ready
DANGER: Ensure unprotected troops at safe distance
Notes:
VEHICLE RECOVERYPROCEDURE CHECKLIST
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17-217 17
ITEM FUNDAMENTALS
VEHICLE RECOVERYFUNDAMENTALS
1 Load resistance:• Overturned - 1/2 vehicle weight• Nosed (grade) - vehicle weight• Wheel deep - vehicle weight• Fender deep - double vehicle wgt• Turret deep - triple vehicle weight
2 Mechanical advantage: divide loadresistance by available effort(capacity of winch)
3 Rigging: attach tow cables to TOWHOOKS, not lifting eyes or towingpintle
4 Safety:• Cross TOWING cables to preventtangling & keep vehicles aligned• Position hook with throat (openpart) UPWARD
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1717-317
VEHICLE RECOVERYFUNDAMENTALS
ITEM FUNDAMENTALS
4 Safety (continued):• Use heavy leather palmed gloveswhen handling cables/wire ropes• Place safety keys in hooks/shackles/equipment requiring them• Do NOT apply loads suddenly• No smoking/open flame if fuel oroil has spilled
Notes:
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18-118 18
NOTE: In the absense of unit SOPs
STEP ACTION
1 Engage all attacking aircraft &helicopters positively identifiedas hostile
2 Engage when friendly ADA unitsare engaging enemy in your area
3 Engage enemy jet aircraft notattacking your position only afterordered to fire
ENGAGING AIRCRAFT
Wpns FREE Fire at any aircraft notidentified as friendly
Wpns TIGHT Fire only at aircraftPOSITIVELY identified asHOSTILE
WEAPONS CONTROL STATUS
Wpns HOLD Fire only in self-defense
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1818-218
AIR DEFENSE WARNING WARNING MEANING
YELLOW Attack is PROBABLE
WHITE Attack is improbable
RED Attack is IMMINENT or INPROGRESS
Aircraft in area of interestbut not threatening ORinbound but there is timeto react
DYNAMITE Aircraft inbound & attacking;response is immediate
WARNING MEANING
LOOKOUT
SNOWMAN No aircraft pose threat atthis time
LOCAL AIR DEFENSE WARNING(LADW)
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18-318 18
ENGAGEMENT/LEADDISTANCES
Aircraft coming directly at you: fire full automatic at nose
Low performance/rotary wing: one half football field "lead"; fire on automatic
High performance aircraft; Two football field "lead"; fire on automatic
Notes:
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1818-418
PASSIVE AIR DEFENSEMEASURES
ITEM ACTION
1 Use covered & concealed routesand stationary positions
2 Cover glass & camouflagevehicles; do not skyline or outline ;do not look at unless firing
3 Maintain COMSEC & air guards
4 Specify visual & audible airwarning signals in unit SOP
5 Enforce noise, light, litterdiscipline
Notes:
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19-1 1919
BUILT-UP AREAFIGHTING PRINCIPLES
1 Attack rapidly, in depth, todominate killing areas, usemasking smoke
ITEM PRINCIPLE
2 Clear each house thoroughly/consolidate
3 Keep equipment light 4 Plan for casualty/EPW armored evac
6 Mark cleared structures
5 Clear streets, houses, buildingsand basements
7 Wear body armor, use armoredvehicles as transports/movingshield, sand-bag/harden thinskinvehicles
8 Employ shock-producingweapons to reduce enemystrongpoints
9 Employ expertise/equipment ofcombat engineers
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1919-219
ATTACK AND CLEAR A BUILDING STEP ACTION
1 Organize unit into assault forceand support force
2 Designate special wpns/teams
8 Aslt force marks each room/each building when cleared
7 Aslt force CLEARS buildingroom-by-room, by grenade orburst of fire
3 Support force ISOLATES bldgfrom overwatch position,covering smoke and fire
4 Support force suppressesenemy in bldg and near by tocover assault force's move
5 Support force resupply ammo,replace personnel, evacuatewounded/EPWs
6 Aslt force ENTERS bldg athighest level possible to gainfoothold or mouseholes intounexpected wall
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19-3 1919
ORGANIZE BUILDING DEFENSE STEP ACTION
1 Select building(s) to defend byconsidering
Protection/Dispersion from enemy weapons/flamabilityConcealmentFields of FireObservation
Covered routesBuilding strength/Fire hazardTime available
2 Position teams/vehicles
3 Plan for/register indirect fires
4 Select/prepare primary/alternate/supplementary psns for keydismounted weapons, escaperoute from building
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1919-419
5 Prepare rooms in building(s)
Establish CP/OPs
7 Inspect preparations
Notes:
6 Prepare outside of building(s)
Reinforce/camouflage psns
Cover floors with sand/dirt
Set up wire commo lines
Stockpile supplies
Cover all mines/obstacles byobservation and fire
Emplace mines/obstacles tocover deadspace/approaches/passages
ORGANIZE BUILDING DEFENSE STEP ACTION
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2020-120
PRINCIPLES OF THELAW OF WAR
STEP PRINCIPLE
1 All US/NATO ammo & weaponsare lawful; do not alter.
2 Do NOT fake surrender, useenemy uniforms, booby trappersonnel or use medicalsymbols to deceive.
3 Attack only combat targets,using only mission essentialfirepower, avoiding needlessdestruction and unnecessarysuffering.
4 Non-combat targets includethe following: those surrender-ing, captives, the sick, thewounded; medical personnel,medical vehicles and medical
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2020-220
PRINCIPLES OF THELAW OF WAR
7
5
6
STEP PRINCIPLE
Disposition of property: tagand turn in captured orabandoned military property;safeguard valuable abondonedprivate property; do not loot.
Provide for the humanetreatment and protection of allcaptives & non-combatants.
buildings; undefended civilianbuildings and monuments.
Adherence to the Law of Warsupports tactical and strategicmission goals. Identify andreport all violations.
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2020-320
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE)AND THE LAW OF WAR
2
3
ROE may restrict actionsallowable under the Law of War
ROE are internally imposedrestrictions upon the use of force
4
ROEs are General Orders providingspecific guidance for specificoperations; they are NOTinterchangeable.
Violations of a ROE are not necessarilyviolations of the Law of War, but arepunishable under the UCMJ asviolations of a General Order
Central to every ROE:The right to self-defense is neverdenied; use the minimum forcerequired to complete your mission.
5
1
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2020-420
HANDLING ENEMYPRISONERS OF WAR
ITEM ACTION
1 SEARCH- remove, tag & markweapons, documents; returnpersonal items, helmet, NBCgear
2 SEGREGATE - by rank, sex,military, civilian
3 SILENCE - no talking
4 SPEED - from battle area
5 SAFEGUARD - to prevent harmor escape
Notes:
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2121-121
LINE ITEMSPOT REPORT/SALUTE
6 Equipment
5 Time observed
4 Unit/Uniform
3 Location
2 Activity
1 Size
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2121-221
FIND UNKNOWN RANGE USINGMIL RELATION "WORM" FORMULA
STEP ACTION
1 Measure the target width usingbinoculars' mil scale (m)
2 Divide target width in meters (W) bymil width (m) to find range (R)
3 Round R to nearest tenth; mutiplyby 1000 for range to target
4 Remember R = Wm
NOTE: For MIL Relation Formula, the width or length of the target (W) must be known.
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2121-321
CONVERSION TABLE:US TO METRIC TO US
EXAMPLE: Multiply inches by 2.54 to getcentimeters; multiply centimeters by 0.394to get inches.
MULT X = X =
INFTYDSMIQTSGALOZLBSMPGMPH
2.54 0.305 0.914 1.609 0.946 3.785 28.349 0.454 0.245 1.609
0.3943.2801.0940.6211.0570.2640.0352.2052.3540.621
CMMMKMLTRLTRGMSKGKM/LTRKM/HR
INFT
YDSMI
QTSGAL
OZLBSMPGMPH
Celsius to Fahrenheit = (C x 9/5) + 32Fahrenheit to Celsius = (F -32) x 5/9
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2121-421
CONVERTING AZIMUTHS - GRIDTO MAGNETIC/MAGNETIC TO GRID
STEP ACTION
2 MAGNETIC TO GRID: (compass to map)
for easterly G-M angleadd G-M angle to compassazimuthfor westerly G-M anglesubtract G-M angle fromcompass azimuth
1 GRID TO MAGNETIC: (map to compass)
for easterly G-M anglesubtract G-M angle fromgrid azimuth; for westerlyG-M angle add G-M angle togrid azimuth
G M
M G
G M M G
Easterly Westerly
Note: On G-M angle diagram, if conversion direction is tothe Left, ADD; if conversion is to the Right, SUBTRACTLARS - left add right subtract
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2121-521
REDUCE RISK OF FRATRICIDE
Obscuration or poor visibilityExtreme engagement rangesNavigation difficultyAbsence of recognizable features
3 Terrain
Weak intelligence or reconIntermingled with friendly
2 Enemy
High vehicle or wpns densityCdr's intent is unclear or complexPoor flank coordinationCrosstalk lackingNo habitual relationships
Mission and C 21
ITEM PRIMARY FACTORS
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2121-621
REDUCE RISK OF FRATRICIDEITEM
Troops & Equipment4High weapon lethalityUnseasoned leaders or troopsPoor fire control SOPsIncomplete ROEAnxiety or confusionFailure to adhere to SOPs
Soldier & leader fatigueInadequate rehearsalsShort planning time
Time5
PRIMARY FACTORS
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2121-721
RISK MANAGEMENT
Accident risk due to friendlypersonnel, equipment readiness &environmental conditions
Hazard - actual or potential conditionleading to injury, illness or death ofpersonnel; damage to or loss ofequipment/property; missiondegradation
Risk Management integrated indecision making process
Determine hazard probability(likelihood that it will occur),severity (degree of injury, propertydamage or other mission impairingfactors), and assess risk byimplementing risk management steps.
4
5
1
3
Tactical risk due to presence ofenemy, nature of operations
2
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2121-821
RISK MANAGEMENT STEPSIdentify hazards - potential sources ofdanger. Consider all aspects ofMETT-T: -length & nature (complexity, danger) of
operations -factors of supervision (command &
control, day/lim vis/night) -soldier experience levels, training status
& condition -environment/weather (terrain, heat, cold,
haze, dust, mud, fog, rain, snow, ice) -age & maintenance status of equipment -leader rest status & mission prep time
1
Assess hazards & cumulative effecton mission/objective consideringprobability of causing problems &severity of consequences; qualify riskas extremely high, high, moderate orlow
2
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2121-921
RISK MANAGEMENT STEPS
Supervise & evaluate -Monitor, follow up, reevaluate plan,
make adjustments, incorporatelessons learned
Use sample hazard risk assessmentmatrix
Develop controls to eliminate orreduce risk of hazard - specify who,what, where, when & how, determineresidual risk as controls aredeveloped; CDR make decisionwhether to accept level of residualrisk
4
3
5
Implement controls; state howcommunicated & put into effect -SOP, safety briefings, rehearsal
4
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2121-1021
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIXH
AZ
AR
D P
RO
BA
BIL
ITY
Fre
quen
tLi
kely
Occ
asio
nal
Sel
dom
Unl
ikel
y
Cat
astro
phic
Crit
ical
Mar
gina
l
Neg
ligib
le
EE
HH
M
EH
HM
L
HM
ML
L
ML
LL
L
S E V E R I T Y
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2121-11
21
PERSONNEL RECORD
# NAME SSN RANK
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2121-12
21
PERSONNEL RECORDSENSITIVE ITEMS
# WPN# MASK# OTHER
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2121-13
21
PERSONNEL RECORDINFORMATION/SIZE
BLOOD# TYPE RELIG BOOT HAT BDU MASK
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22-1
ACRONYMS
AA Assembly Area/Avenue of Approach/Anti Armor
ACE Ammo, casualties, equipmentADA Air Defense ArtilleryAP Armor piercingAPC Armored Personnel Carrier (M113A3)AT AntitankATACM Army Tactical Missile SystemAVP Auxiliary Vehicle PowerAZ Azimuth or Assault Zone
BFV Bradley Fighting Vehicle (M2/M3)BMNT Beginning of Morning Nautical
TwilightBN BattalionBP Battle Position
cal caliberCAS Close Air SupportcGy Centigray
B
A
C
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22-2
ACRONYMS
COA Course of Actioncoax coaxial machinegunCOMSEC Communications SecurityCONOPS Continuous OperationsCP Command PostCQC Close quarter combatCS Combat SupportCSS Combat Service SupportCVC Combat Vehicle Crewman
Dir DirectorDis DistanceDTG Date-Time-GroupEA Engagement AreaEENT End of Evening Nautical TwilightEMP Electromagnetic PulseEPW Enemy Prisoner of WarFEBA Forward edge of battle areaFFAR Folding fin aerial rocketFPF Final protective firesFPL Final protective linesFRAGO Fragmentary OrderFSO Fire support officer
D-E-F
C
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22-3
ACRONYMS
G-M Grid-MagneticGSR Ground Surveillance RadarHE High ExplosiveID IdentificationITV Improved Tow Vehicle
KIA Killed in actionLADW Local Air Defense WarningLAV Light Armored VehicleLD Line of Departurelog logisticsLZ Landing Zone
m meter(s)m milM1/M1A1 Abrams TankMEDEVAC Medical EvacuationMEL Maximum Engagement LineMETL Mission essential task listMETT-T Mission, enemy, troops, terrain, &
time
J-K-L
G-H-I
M
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22-4
ACRONYMS
MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket Systemmm millimeterMOPP Mission Oriented Protection PostureMORTREP Mortar Report
NBC Nuclear, Biological, ChemicalNOD(s) Night Observation Device(s)NVG Night Vision Goggles
OCOKA Observation/fields of fire, Cover &concealment, Obstacles, Key terrain,Avenues of Approach
OBJ ObjectiveOJT On the job trainingOP Observation postOPORD Operation OrderORP Objective Rally Point
N
M
O
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22-5
ACRONYMS
PB Patrol BasePIR Priority information requirementsPMCS Preventive Maintenance Checks and
ServicesPZ Pickup ZonePZCO Pickup zone control officer
RAP Rocket Assisted ProjectileROE Rules of EngagementRP Release Point/Rally Point/Reference
PointR& S Reconnaissance and Security
SHELREP Shell ReportSHER SheridanSHIL Shillelagh missileSOI Signal operation instructionsSP Start PointSTANO Surveillance, Target Acquisition and
Night Observation
R
P
S
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22-6
ACRONYMS
TOW Tube-launched, Optically-tracked,Wire-guided
TRP Target Reference Point
WIA Wounded in actionWP White PhosphorusWRP Weapons Reference Point
U-Z
T
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COMBAT LEADERS' GUIDE1/25,000 OR 1/250,000
1/50,0009
8
765
210
34
54
9876
32
01
9876543210
98764 520 1 3
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