Download - Colonies vs. England
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Colonies vs. England
Following the French and Indian War…•New British lands and the colonists desire to
expand led to…•Bad relationship with Indians which led to…
•Standing British military in colonies…
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What do you need for
war?Let’s take a step back…
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What are the costs of
war?
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WAR = $When it comes down to
it…
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Debt already accrued (GB Debt + results of the
F&I War) $40 million in 1774 = $1,120,000,000.00 (2011)$ 1,120,000,000.00 ≈ £717.7 million
Growing DebtPayment for the standing British military presence
So instead of making money off the colonies, Great Britain now has an increasing debt!
War Costs Money
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Where was the money going to come
from?
TAXES
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What are taxes?
*see tax worksheet
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1. Raise money – every time a person buys a
good, the government then receives some money from the tax (ex. sales tax)
2. Protect domestic business (protective tariffs) – a tax/tariff on an imported good makes the price of it higher than goods made within the borders; people more likely to buy the lower priced item (domestic good)
3. Prove a point – that a government has the right/authority to impose taxes on its citizens
Why Tax?
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Who was going to pay these
taxes? British King? British citizens?
Was it their war? Colonists?
Subjects of the Crown not English citizens
TAXES
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Taxes/Tariffs
Indirect Tax King asked the
Colonial Assembly (colonists elected to a law making group) to pass taxes
Direct Tax Parliament (Great
Britain) voted to tax colonists directly
Colonists could not refuse the tax
Colonists could not vote or have representation in Parliament
How do the
colonists pay?
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Road
to
the
Revolution
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Road to the Revolution :
Sugar Act
Details 1764
Indirect tax on imported sugar, molasses, some wines(from West Indies) – tax money went to GB
Customers paid higher prices due to tax
Repealed by King
Colonists’ Response Unpopular in the colonies
Samuel Adams and James Otis two prime movers against the Act
Created the Committee of Correspondence to improve communication among the colonies (S. Adams)
"it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom ...
and ... it is just and necessary that a revenue should be raised ... for defraying the expenses of defending,
protecting, and securing the same."
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Road to the Revolution :
Stamp Act
Details 1765
Tax on all paper items (licenses, newspapers, contracts, legal documents, etc.)
First attempt at direct taxation (raising money by directly taxing colonists)
Repealed; as an attempt to restore order
Colonists’ Response Unpopular in the colonies
Sons of Liberty; secret society created (S. Adams)
Boycotts and protests (hurting London merchants; cried over lost business)
Patrick Henry – VA House of Burgess (series of resolutions)
James Otis – “taxation without representation is tyranny."
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• Without the official seal, documents were considered illegal
• Could only obtain the seal by paying the tax• Contracts• Playing cards• Newspapers• Pamphlets
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Road to the Revolution :
Declaratory Act
Details
1766
Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever” (raise money, protect domestic business, etc.)
Colonists’ Response Worried colonists…
what would come next?
Strips away colonial independence – reality check of who is boss
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Road to the Revolution :
Townshend Act
Details
1767
Tax on glass, lead, paint, paper and tea
Unwarranted searches for smuggled goods (illegal search and seizure)
Repealed
Colonists’ Response Unpopular in the
colonies
Resentment towards British soldiers/rule
Boston Massacre (Paul Revere)
The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights which
guards against unreasonable searches and seizures, along with requiring any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and
supported by probable cause.
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The Fourth
Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights which guards against unreasonable searches and seizures, along with requiring any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.
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British troops in colonial towns…Boston
To enforce the Townshend Act Tax collection and search for smuggled
goods March 5, 1770
British soldier engaged in a shouting/shoving match with a colonist Crowds drew near
Order! Order!
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Raised voices and a dare (“Come on you
rascals…Fire if you dare!”) created more commotion and shots were fired (by soldiers) killing five
Townshend Acts repealed (except tax on tea)
Order! Order!
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Road to the Revolution :
Tea Act
Details 1773
British East India company allowed exclusive rights to sell tea directly to the colonists Directly selling to
colonists would mean cheaper tea, less smuggling and more tax revenue
Colonists’ Response Unpopular in the colonies
High cost and no choice in tea
Continued to boycott goods, and smuggle tea
Boston Tea Party
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Three ships arrive in Boston Harbor Sons of Liberty: ships must leave Governor: must pay tax for shipment December 16, 1773
Colonists disguised as Indians Dump 340 chests of tea
Boston harbor is a teapot tonight!
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Road to the Revolution :
Coercive Act
Details
1774
Punishment for the Boston Tea Party
Colonists’ Response “Intolerable” Acts
First Continental Congress Ban trade with GB Formation and
preparation of militias
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Spring 1774 In response to the Boston Tea Party and
to punish colonists… Boston Harbor was closed Massachusetts’ charter was canceled (no
colonial assembly) Royal officials accused of crimes were tried
in GB Quartering Act – requiring colonists to
house British soldiers Quebec Act – gave land to Quebec Appointed governor (General Thomas Gage)
Coercive Acts (aka Intolerable Acts)
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Colonial Reaction
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Colonists Speak OutJames Otis
Power of the Crown and Parliament was limited
“they can not take from any man any part of his property, without his consent in person or by representation”
=*absolute power
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James Otis (taxation without representation
is tyranny) Samuel Adams (no taxation without
representation) Sons of Liberty “I look upon (British soldiers) as foreign enemies”
Patrick Henry (Stamp Act) Daughters of Liberty (Townsend Act) Paul Revere (Boston Massacre)
“The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King Street”
Who is speaking out?