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Mining with Paste Fill
Mehmet Yumlu, Principal Mining Engineer
AMC Consultants Pty Ltd
AusIMM Cobar Mining Seminar
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6 August 2010
AMC
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IOutline
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n ro uc on
What is Paste Fill?
Why Using Paste Fill?
Paste Fill System Design
Paste Fill Making Process
Distribution and placement
Mining with Paste Fill - Case Studies
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IWhy Paste fi ll?
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eng neere pro uc cons s en g qua y
suitable for most mining methods - versatile
lower cost for a given exposure duty - economic
reduces surface footprint - environment friendly
allows extraction of ore pillars - increasing resource extraction
allows effective local and regional ground support - safety
fast filling rates enables shorter stope cycle times - productivity
non se re atin - reduced dilution
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IWhat are Paste Fil l Duties in UG Mining?
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en n egra e n o e m n ng cyc e pas e ac serves
as a working platform,
as an engineered artificial back
provides confinement to ore pillars and the host rock, and
revents unravellin thereb limitin conver ence and subsidence into the mine
voids.
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ISome Myths.
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as e s
The solution to all future mine fill problems
A fill type by which all the water is absorbed through cement hydration
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IPaste Fil l Design
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Flow properties (rheology)
deliver of aste from surface to under round via boreholes and i es at the hi hest ractical
pulp density
Strength properties
pas e o rema n s a e w en expose o s a c or ynam c oa ng con ons exper ence y
the mining operation
This includes short term during the local mining operation and
Long term stability against regional seismicity
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IStrength Design
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na y ca
Empirical
Numerical
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IRheology Design
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eo ogy s e s u y o e ow proper es o u s
Water is a Newtonian fluid If you tip water out of a glass it will start to flow immediately
Pastefill is a non-Newtonian fluid
If you want to get toothpaste out of the tube, you must squeeze it first
Yield stress is the measure of how much work is required for the paste to start
flowing
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ITypical Paste Fill Characteristics
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ar c e s ze s r u on
Minimum 15% passing 20 micron
No to size
Rheological properties
Yield stress for surface disposal less than 100 Pa
Yield stress for backfill 100 to 700 Pa
Strength properties
Stiffness, E=150 to 450 MPa
Can be engineered to desired strength ( 100 kPa to 5 MPa)
sultantsPtyLtd Typical strength values (UCS)
300 to 1,000 kPa for vertical exposures
>1,000 kPa for undercut exposures
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IWhat are methods of making paste fi ll?
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IWhat are the delivery options?
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Gravity delivery to borehole
Surface conveyor to borehole
Pum deliver thru
Borehole
Decline
Agi truck delivery to borehole
Internal boreholes
Level pipelines
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IPaste Fill Operations Increasing Popularity
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ou opera ons wor w e
Many ongoing projects
Canada = 35 / 2
Australia = 24 / 5
South America = 12 /4
Europe = 11 /8
Asia = 7 / 9
Africa = 5 /1
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ICase Study 1
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Online paste fill plant, 45 m3/hour
Using full tailings, SG of 4.5
PSD (50-60% passing 20 microns with P80 of 63 microns)
Solid density 82%w/w (49.5%v/v)
Slump: 7 10 inch
Paste bulk and dry density: 2.6 and 2.0 tonnes/m3
Stope size 20m H x 7m W x 30m L (panels)
Target design strength: 1.0 MPa
GP cement; 7% 150 k /m3 for rimaries and 5% 110k /m3 for secondaries
sultantsPtyLtd
Pump delivery, 125 mm diameter thru decline and boreholes
Shotcrete barricades
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ICase Study 1
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ICase Study 2
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n ergroun go m ne
Production 450 TPA Mining method
Underhand cut and fill
Backfill types Paste fill
Rockfill
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ICase Study 2
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ry pas e sys em, m our
Using volcanic tuff
- m cron, m cron , o .
Solids density 50%w/w (28%v/v)
Wet and dry bulk density 1.5 t/m3 and 0.8 t/m3
GP cement; 15 to 20%w/w (100 to 150 kg/m3)
Target design UCS >1,500 kPa
Stope size 5m W x 5m H x 30m L (cells)
sultantsPtyLtd Shotcrete barricade
Gravity delivery thru borehole, 150mm dia distribution system
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ICase Study 3
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n ergroun n an m ne
Production 1.6 MTPA
Tabular flat dipping massive sulphide orebody (dip
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ICase Study 3
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n ne pas e p an us ng , m our
Full mill tailings (35% passing 20 micron, P80 100 micron), SG of 3.6
o s ens y w w v v
Wet and dry bulk density 2.15 t/m3 and 1.6 t/m3
Yield stress 50 to 100 Pa (10 to 10.5 inch slump)
Pump delivery through decline, 200 mm diameter, 3.5 km long
Shotcrete barricades
Stope size 10m W x 6m H x 150m L
sultantsPtyLtd Target design UCS 500 kPa, @7% cement (100 kg/m3)
Slag 60% : cement 40%
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ICase Study 3
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IThank you for listening
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ny ques ons
sultantsPtyLtd
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266 August 2010