_____________ is a protein that may be included in testing
for neural tube defects in prenatal
screening.1a
A1-FETOPROTEIN
1b
2a
Abnormal CSF protein bands located in the gamma region on electrophoresis are referredto as ______________, and are indicative of_____________.
2b
Oligoclonal bands; multiple sclerosis
3a
Define acute phase reactant
3b
Nonspecific response to inflammation that includes elevationof certain plasma proteins and decrease of others due to cytokine production
4a
DEFINE AN AMPHOLYTE
4b
Ionized molecule with coexistent negative
and positive charges. Proteins and amino
acids are examples of ampholytes.
5a
Descibe albumin
migration during
electrophoresis
5b
At pH 8.6, the direction in which albumin migrates is determined by the ionization of the carboxyl groups. This yields a net negative charge and the albumin migrates towards the anode
6a
Describe amino acids at a low pH.
6b
At low pH, an amino acid is in its cationic
form with both its amino and
carboxyl groups protonated
7a
Describe the clinical
significance of prealbumin.
7b
It is often used to asses a patient's
nutritional statua
8a
Describe the effect that
hemolysis would have on serum
protein.
8b
Hemoglobin would increase
the serum protein level
9a
A heavy distinct band located in the beta-
gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis
indicates______________.
9b
A monoclonal protein
10a
How are amino acids synthesized?
10b
Amino acids are formed by specific triplet codons that are specified by DNA. They are then transcribed into messenger RNA where they are then translated into amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to forma protein.
11a
How is an infant's IgG
concentration different from
an adult's?
11b
Infants have a lower IgG concentration
relative to a normal adult concentration
of IgG
12a
If a patient has biliary cirrhosis, which
globulin fraction will be most elevated on
serum protein electrophoresis?
12b
GAMMA
13a
In nephrotic syndrom, what
happens to total protein and
albumin levels?
13b
They decrease as they are
excreted in the urine
14a
In vivo, what is
complement responsible
for?
14b
Phagocytosis of infectious agents
15a
Is haptoglobin normally
increased or decreased in
hemolytic disorders?
15b
DECREASED
16a
Maple syrup urine disease is
caused by a defect in ______?
16b
Branched chain keto- acid decarboxylase
17a
The migration rate of proteins
on cellulose acetate is based
on .
17b
THE IONIC CHARGE
18a
Name some examples of
fibrous proteins.
18b
■ Collagen■ Troponin■ Myosin■ Fibrinogen
Fibrous proteins are involved in construction of connective tissue, tendons, bone matrix, and muscle fiber
19a
Name the plasma protein that
demonstrates an increased
concentration in iron deficiency
anemia.
is less saturated with iron 19b
TransferrinTransferrin reversibly binds and transports iron and copper. In cases of iron deficiency, transferrin levels are increased, but the protein
levels of CSF protein.
20a
Name two methods that are commonly used to detect
low
binding method 20b
Turbidimetric methods and the
Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye-
phase response.
21a
Name two plasma proteins that
decrease in the acute
21b
Albumin and transferrin
of migration?
22a
On cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6, what is the order
gamma globulin 22b
Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2
globulin, beta globulin,
23a
Serum protein analysis via the biuret method is dependent upon
.
23b
the number of peptide bonds
24a
What causes the hyperproteinemia commonly seen in
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinem
ia?
24b
INCREASE IN IGM
25a
What causes the hyperproteinemia commonly seen in multiple myeloma?
25b
An increase in one of the
immunoglobulins which is usually
IgG
26a
What element is found in protein but not in lipids
or carbohydrates?
26b
NITROGEN
27a
What is a distinguishing
feature of Bence Jones
protein?
27b
It is soluble at 100 degrees celsius
28a
What is an A:G ratio?
28b
It is the ratio of albumin to globulinsNormal ratio is 1:18
but this is reversed in monoclonal
gammopathies
29a
What is ceruloplasmin?
29b
It is the primary copper- containing protein in plasma.
Decreased levels are common in Wilson's
disease.
30a
What is considered a normal pH in the body? At what charge does a
protein carry in the body at normal pH?
30b
Normal pH is 7.4 Proteins
carry a negative
charge at this pH
31a
What is required of a protein
before it can be analyzed by the biuret method?
31b
A minimum of two peptide bonds
32a
What is the charge of a
protein at a pH between 7.37 to
7.47?
32b
NEGATIVELY CHARGED
33a
What is the effect of a low total protein?
33b
Water leaves the blood vessels, goes into the tissues and
causes edema
34a
What is the main function of albumin?
34b
It regulates colloidal oncotic pressure. Low albumin results in edema. Albumin plays a role in binding and transporting various substances in the blood
35a
What is the most common method
for measuring total SERUM
protein?
35b
Biuret method Cupric ions react with peptide bonds at an alkaline pH producing a
colored complex
36a
What is the name of the reference method for protein determinationthat converts nitrogen to ammonium ions by acid digestion?
36b
KJELDAHL METHOD
37a
What is the waste product
of protein catabolism?
37b
Urea which is excreted in the urine
38a
WHAT IS TRANSFERRIN?
38b
It is a protein that is associated
with the transport of ferric ions
39a
What is Wilson's disease?
39b
Wilson's disease is a copper-binding
disorder that results from decreased ceruloplasmin
40a
What is Wilson's disease?
40b
It is an inherited disorder of copper
metabolism Copper is distributed in the
skin, liver, and brain
41a
What will cause an increase in
albumin levels?
41b
DEHYDRATION
42a
Where are proteins synthesized?
42b
Proteins are synthesized in the liver.The exception are the y- globulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE). These are synthesized in plasma cells.
43a
Which protein has the highest
dye- binding capacity?
43b
ALBUMIN
44a
Which serum protein fraction will be most elevated in a patient
with nephrotic syndrome?
44b
ALPHA-2 GLOBULIN
45a
Which stage of protein structure involves the folding of the polypeptide in three dimensions and the formation of hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces?
45b
TERTIARY STRUCTURE