Claudio Acioly Jr.United Nations Human Settlements Programme – [email protected]
Dar-es-Salaam
Cities Alliance Programme
Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance Programme
ACTION PLAN TO UPGRADE ALL INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN DAR- ES-SALAAM BY 2015
What Is The Cities Alliance Supporting?
The Cities Alliance works through its’ members,engaging…
Civic leadersLocal authority associationsInvestment partners
…to achieve citywide scales of action
Citywide & NationwideUpgrading
City DevelopmentStrategies (CDS) *
*City development strategies: reflect a shared vision for the city’s future and local priorities for action to reduce urban poverty.
Where are Cities Alliance activities?
China
Indonesia
Philippines
Cambodia
Mongolia
Brazil
Peru
Jamaica
Pakistan
Russia
India
Bosnia-Herzegovina Latvia
Bulgaria
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Morocco
Niger
South Africa
Rwanda
BurkinaFaso Yemen
Ghana
Nigeria
Vietnam
Kenya
Mauritania
Mozambique
Swaziland
East Timor
Bolivia
Chile
El Salvador
Mexico
Egypt
Iran
Jordan
ColombiaTanzania
BhutanNepal
Azerbaijan
West bank & Gaza
Sri Lanka
1. Improves the quality of urban development cooperation by sharpening the focus on scaling-up successes.
2. Organizes and promotes the existing resources, knowledge, experiences and expertise of on-going initiatives to achieve greater value through enhanced collaboration, synergies and linkages.
3. Engages partner network in developing new tools and practical approaches for knowledge sharing.
Cities Alliance: Cities Without Slums Approach
Cities Alliance proposals & co-financing
Size of Proposal
Small$75,000 or less
Mediumover $75,000, up to $250,000Largeover $250,000up to $500,000
All proposals should include co-financing, combining seed funding from the Cities Alliance with a target of at least 20% financing of the total project budget.
For all proposals requesting over US$250,000 from Core Funds, the co-financing target is graduated based on the amount of funds requested from the Cities Alliance.
Co-financing
266.7
368.2
128.6
188.5
500
83.462.5
4020
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100 200 250 251 300 350 400 450 500
Fund Requested from Cities the Cities Alliance (in $ 1000)
Co-
finan
cing
Tar
get (
in $
100
0)
Selection Criteria
• Targeting the objective• Government commitment and approval • Linkage to investment follow-up• Partnerships• Co-financing• Coherence of effort• Scaling up• Institutionalisation and replication• Positive impact on environment
Criteria Avoid DoTargeting the objective
- pilot project- sectoral activities- capacity building solely
- City wide activity- SU, CDS- pro-poor & gender
Government commitment and approval
-Avoid undocumented statements- “confusing” commitment
-Clear commitment of central and local authorities,- leagues of cities, mayors’ associations
Linkage to investment follow-up
- Unclear source of investment or conditional statement (“government budget may fund…”)
- Investment partners clearly identified - Involve partners from the beginning in the design - linkage to previous/other development activities carried out by Alliance members
Understanding Selection Criteria
Criteria Avoid DoPartnerships -unclear participatory
processes,- unclear role of stakeholders (especially Civil Society and Private sector)
-Involve broad spectrum of stakeholders,- strong demonstrated ownership
Co-financing - Unclear sources of co-financing,- using exclusively in-kind resources
- in-kind must demonstrate additional efforts (not activities that are usual business)- cash financing demonstrates commitment.
Coherence of efforts
-Unclear commitments of partners,- lack of donor coordination
-multi-donor coordination and multi-sponsoring,- maximize collaboration between World Bank, UN system and other members
Understanding Selection Criteria
Criteria Avoid DoScaling-up ,Institutionalization, replication
- Relying solely on foreign expertise,
- Anticipate scaling up and replication modalities and processes,- involve local expertise and national associations (cities, NGOs, etc.)
Positive impact on environment
- only “do no harm”provisions
- emphasize “do good”dimensions,-expect increased emphasis on environment criterion.
Understanding Selection Criteria
Dar-es-Salaam
African cities are growing fast:
• Urbanization rates exceed 4 - 5% per annum.
• Slums absorb about ¾ of the population growth
• The number of poor is expected to reach 400 million in 2015 – equivalent to 46% of Africa’s population
• In 2030 the sub-saharan cities will host over 50% of the population and absorb 87% of the population growth
Dar es Salaam city is also growing fast:
• Largest metropolitan area and economic capital of the country
• Current Population: 2.9 million
• Urbanization rate: 4% per annum
• 70 per cent of the city’s residents live in unplanned, poorly
serviced settlements under inadequate housing conditions.
• 50 per cent of residential land (5,000 ha) is unplanned and
accommodates 2 million people.
• The average density is 400 persons per ha.
Urbanization context in Dar-es-Salaam• Four Dar es Salam Local Authorities
(DLAs): Ilala, Kinondoni and TemekeMunicipalities and Dar es Salaam City Council (DCC).
• Three municipalities deal with issues specific to their areas of jurisdiction. DCC handles cross-cutting issues and coordinates activities of the three LGAs.
• 54 major unplanned and unservicedsettlements.
• 100 with villages (previously outside of the city boundary) and other small unplanned settlements.
Karakata
Mogo
Gongo la mboto
Shar
if Sh
amba
Ilala
Hananasif
Mwananyamala
Kawe
Pugu
Goba
Kimara
Kitunda
Ukonga
Segerea
Kipawa
Kinyerezi
Msasani
Mbagala Kuu
Ubungo
Mbagala
Makuburi
Kurasini
Mikocheni
Yombo Vituka
Sinza
Makangarawe
Tabata
Kiwalani
Mabibo
Ilala
Mtoni
MiburaniSandali
Vingunguti
Buguruni
Azimio
Keko
Kigogo
Tandika
Temeke
Kijito Nyama
Kivukoni
Chang'ombe
Kinondoni
Manzese
Mzimuni
Tandale
Makurumla
Magomeni
Mchikichini
Mburahati
516000
516000
520000
520000
524000
524000
528000
528000
532000
532000
9236
000
9236
000
9240
000
9240
000
9244
000
9244
000
9248
000
9248
000
9252
000
9252
000
9256
000
9256
000
KinondoniShamba
Makongo
Changanyikeni
Mwenge
Msim
bazi River
Tazara line
C entral li n e
Morogo ro Road
Bagamoyo Ro ad
Nyerere Road
Kilw
a R
oad
ILALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL,DAR ES SALAAM -TANZANIA
Source: SURVEY & MAPPING DIVISION DSM
2,200 0 2,200 4,400 6,6001,100
Meters
1:120,000
4
I N F O R M A L S E T T L E M E N T S
DAR ES SALAAM CITY
LegendRailwayline
Arterial Road
River
Unplanned Settlements
Ward Coverage
Water Body
Study_Area
• Inadequate water supply and poor sanitation, most people depending on poorly constructed pit latrines and open dumping of solid waste.
• Many houses not connected to piped water and electricity.
Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics
• Haphazard urban/settlement layout
• Lack of land reserves for service infrastructure or amenities such as access roads, schools, clinics, community centres, sports facilities, and public spaces.
Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics
• No security of tenure.
• High rates of unemployment and income levels that are too low for securing access to formal credit for housing and services.
Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics
Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics
Unplanned and un-serviced settlements characteristics
Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance ProgrammeReview and operationalize urban upgrading policiesReview and operationalize urban upgrading policies
Developing Citywide Strategies which are a vehicle for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and
long-term investment strategies.
Developing Citywide Strategies which are a vehicle for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and
long-term investment strategies.
Design a citywide Action Plan for the regularization and upgrading of the Unplanned and un-serviced settlements
Design a citywide Action Plan for the regularization and upgrading of the Unplanned and un-serviced settlements
Capacitate 4DLA’s to adopt and implant reforms necessary to effect a citywide approach
Capacitate 4DLA’s to adopt and implant reforms necessary to effect a citywide approach
Strengthen existing community capacity to organize and undertake broad based initiatives on poverty reduction and urban safety
Strengthen existing community capacity to organize and undertake broad based initiatives on poverty reduction and urban safety
Design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading
Design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading
Overall objective:The four Local Authorities work with partners to implement urban policy reforms, and to prepare a citywide upgrading programme with the following specific objectives:
Overall objective:The four Local Authorities work with partners to implement urban policy reforms, and to prepare a citywide upgrading programme with the following specific objectives:
Objective 1: To review and operationalize urban upgrading policies and to design a Citywide Action Plan
Objective 2: To enable local government to adopt and implement reforms necessary to effect a city-wide approach and to strengthen existing community capacity
Objective 3: To design a long-term sustainable financing strategy for settlement upgrading.
Dar-es-Salaam Cities Alliance Programme
Total Budget: US$ 770,000
Cities Alliance: US$ 360,000
Co-financing: GoT: US$ 200,000; DSM Local Authorities: US$ 65,000; UN-HABITAT & ILO: US$ 145,000
Previous & ongoing initiatives in Dar-es-Salaam
1. World Bank sponsored Sites and Services Programme (1970-80s)
2. UN-HABITAT-supported Sustainable Dar es Salaam Programme (SDP): Dar es Salaam Strategic Urban Development Plan (SUDP) in 1999 and Hanna NassifCommunity-Based Upgrading Project (1994-2000).
3. On-going Community Infrastructure Upgrading Programme(CIUP): 31 unplanned settlements in Dar es Salaam
4. The 20,000 plots project implemented by the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements Development: surveyed and serviceable plots in various locations in the three municipalities and urban land property register for economic empowerment of residents in unplanned settlements with the objective of making unregistered land useable as collateral
Adequate shelter for all•Community Infrastructure UpgradingProgramme (CIUP)•Water And Sanitation Programme•Safer Cities Programme•Regularisation And Licensing Project
Sustainable environmental development•Sustainable Cities Programme (SCP)•Community Infrastructure upgradingProgramme (CIUP)•Water And Sanitation Programme
Good governance•Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP)•Safer Cities Programme•Dar Es Salaam Rapid Transportation (DART)
Secure Tenure•Regularisation And Licensing Project•20,000 Plots Project•TAWLAT
The approach organizes and promotes the existing resources, knowledge, experiences and expertise
This should result in improvement of the existing programmes and achieving The Cities Alliances priorities without the existing Programmes loosing their own identity.
UPGRADING STRATEGIES
Promoting gender equality
Reducing poverty
Reducing infant and maternal mortality
Reversing HIV/AIDS
Expanding employment opportunities
Reducing vulnerability
Promoting cultural heritage
Promoting inclusion
Securing tenure
Expanding access to credit
Sustaining the environment
Promoting education opportunities
Expanding access to basic infrastructure
Promoting economic opportunities
Citywide Development Strategies as an instruments for problem identification, consensus building, implementing wide-ranging reforms, and long-term investment strategies with the aim of:
I. Preparations for Social Economic Mapping
1. To map the actual physical location of unplanned and un-serviced settlements
Phasing
1. To establish the actual situation and living condition of the people living and working in unplanned settlements and un-serviced settlements in the city.
2. To capture the peoples’ perception living in these areas with regards to service delivery, livelihood needs, and future expectations rather than gathering the information/literature from book review.
3. To initiate a process of community participation by providing information, generating their interest and commitment without creating unrealistic expectations.
II. Physical Mapping Exercise
• Several initiatives exist in land and housing development and infrastructure provision, however: there are uncoordinated efforts of local actors and inadequate institutional capacity.
• Innovative initiatives in DSM are not known by key stakeholders esp. communities in unplanned and un-serviced settlements
• Low capacity to document, disseminate, draw lessons and scale up lessons learnt.
• Innovative initiatives need to be legally anchored into policy, guidelines, by-laws, and legislative instruments
• There is no monitoring and maintenance of improved infrastructure at settlement level
Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment
Policy, legislation, guidelines formulation and implementation
1. Lack of operational policies and guidelines for housing, urban development and unplanned settlement regularization
2. Insufficient harmonization with other sector laws, policies, planning and building requirements
3. Poor enforcement of existing policies, laws and by-laws
Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment
Awareness and internalisation 1. Limited comprehension of the relationship of the policies and legal
frameworks to the Cities Alliance Programme processes and activities2. Limited knowledge of the Cities Alliance Programme at all levels3. Limited awareness of innovative sources of funding for sustainable, large
scale settlement upgrading
Structural and coordination issues1. Insufficient coordination between programmes implemented in DCC with
those being implemented by the MLHHSD and the local government reforms being implemented in the city
2. Lack of clear mechanisms through which the 4LAs work with civil society organisations and the private sector.
3. Lack of urban planners, land officers, housing and settlement upgrading experts and some other land related fields at the ward level
Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment
Capacity building supply
1. Capacity building interventions often tagged and tailored to specific Programmes rather than LGA wide capacity needs
2. Glaring gaps in coordinating capacity building activities in local authorities
3. Limited training programmes directly related to upgrading informal settlements;
4. Limited on-the-job, in-house courses;
5. Limited cross-departmental training sessions for cross-fertilization;
6. Lack of formal municipal resource pools, to participate in capacity building delivery
7. Lack of a systematic and robust system through which the 4LAs monitor and evaluate the capacity building activities – including systems for quality assurance
Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment
Specific thematic skills1. Resource mobilisation and management;2. Community mobilisation to participate and get involved in upgrading work;3. Project planning and management; 4. Programmatic operation and maintenance; 5. Participatory planning and upgrading of unplanned and unserviced
settlements; 6. Infrastructure design standards; 7. Collection, storage, retrieval and use of information (including data base); 8. Monitoring and evaluation of upgraded projects
Findings:Capacity-building Needs Assessment
1. Extension and improvement of Residential Licenses 2. Incremental generalization of Certificates of Occupancy3. Community Land Trusts4. New land development with cost recovery and cross-
subsidies5. Block surveys to be promoted as intermediate solution6. Land-use standards to be reviewed to increase affordability7. Property registers managed by municipalities8. Land rent collection and utilization
Consultative Strategy Workshop (May 2007)
1 Land:
Water1. Increased infrastructure investment by Government2. DAWASA to cover the entire City 3. Water kiosks at 400m managed by Communities4. Water paid for by user fees
Sanitation1. Individual VIP latrines2. Emptying services through Public Private Partnerships (PPP)3. Technical and financial assistance to low-income households by DLAs
and NGOs4. Better collection of property taxes and their use for improved service
delivery
Consultative Strategy Workshop (May 2007)
Basic Services:
Roads and Storm Water Drainage1. Gravel roads with storm water drainage provided by DLAs
Solid Waste Management1. Public waste collection points with trailer system managed by DLAs
Funding and Maintenance1. Services to be funded by capital grants from central government,
municipal bonds and part of land rents2. Maintenance by communities
Consultative Strategy Workshop (May 2007)
Basic Services:
1. Housing Department in each Municipality to coordinate and provide technical assistance
2. Small scale private rental housing to be encouraged3. Building codes and standards to be reviewed to improve
affordability4. Loans for housing improvements managed by existing
institutions
Consultative Strategy Workshop (May 2007)
Housing:
National Level:Steering Committee representatives of the Prime Ministers Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, MLHHSD and civil society organisations. The Steering Committee should be strengthened to include the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning as well as the Private Sector.
Dar-es-Salaam City Council:Establishment of clear functional roles for coordination
Municipalities:Physical implementation of the Action Plan
Communities:at the Ward and mtaa levels will be involved in the delivery of the Action Plan in decision-making, prioritising of interventions, community planning, and through community contracting and provision of labour.
Institutional roles & responsibilities
National Government to allocate resources for upgrading of the unplanned and unserviced settlements. Government could establish a Trust Fund for Upgrading to be financed from different sources including borrowing.
National Government to support the DLAs to mobilize resources for programme implementation.
Active engagement of local and international development partners.
Financial responsibilities
• Clarification that the ensuing Action Plan will be the next phase of CIUP and collaboration with other funded programmes relating to upgrading.
• Involvement of the private sector in the preparation and implementation of the Action Plan so as identify their areas of interest early in the process and to gain their support.
• Cost recovery to be the aim, which can be achieved in different ways, including through targeted subsidies. This must be clearly spelt out and sources for subsidies identified.
Financial responsibilities
Are City Development Strategies a good start for up scaling?
http://www.citiesalliance.org