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Classification
Organisms are grouped together in biology to:
1. show closely related groups 2. identify organisms
The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy.
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Classification, cont’d
Classifications are based upon:1. Appearance and structure2. Development and biochemistry3. Likely common ancestry
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Classification, cont’dThere are 7 levels in taxonomy:Kingdom – largest grouping of living thingsPhylum – largest grouping within a kingdomClass – largest grouping within a phylumOrder – largest grouping within a classFamily – largest grouping within an orderGenus – largest grouping within a familySpecies – largest grouping within a genus
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Memory AidTo aid in your memory of the 7 levels, use one
of the following sayings:
Keep People Clear Of Fast Great Sharks
King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
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Classification Example
Level Human Killer WhaleKingdom Animal AnimalPhylum Chordata ChordataClass Mammalia MammaliaOrder Primates CetaceaFamily Hominidae DelphinidaeGenus Homo OrcinusSpecies sapiens orca
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Classification, cont’d
The more groups 2 living things have in common, the more closely related they are.
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Scientific Names
The genus and species name together make up the scientific name of the organism. The scientific name of a human is Homo sapiens.
The genus name is capitalized, but the species name is not. They are to be italicized in type and underlined in handwriting.
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The many names of Boletus edulis
France:Cepe
United States:King Bolete
Italy:Porcini
Germany:Steinpilz
England:Penny Bun
Sweden:Stensopp
Poland:Borowik
Finland:Herkkutatti
Spanish:Rodellón
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Scientific Names, cont’d
Scientific names are used in biology instead of common names because:
1. Every living thing has a different sci. name2. Scientific names seldom change3. Scientific names are written in the same
language around the world
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Activity
How Scientists Classify
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Dichotomous KeysDichotomous keys are classification
manuals that are used to help biologists determine the scientific name of an organism.
To use a key, you are given a series of options where you have to make one of two choices about your organism until ultimately you end up with its identification.
(See page 330 in text)
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