Clasificación biológica como una taxonomía cientifica
Taxonomías folk
ClaseOrdenGéneroEspecieVariedad
Systema Naturae
Nombre científicoNomenclatura binominal -latín ej. Latimeria chalumnaeAutoridades
Códigos de Nomenclatura * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN) * International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN; incluye hongos y cianobacterias) * International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, abbreviated ICNB) * viruses (sistema Baltimore).
Tipo - fija el nombre a un taxon
- Common descent
Evolucionismo
Fenética - Taxonomía Numérica
Clustering, ordination
SneathSokal
Neighbor joining
SibleyDNA-DNA hybridization
Neighbor joining
Cladismo
- Sistemática Filogenética
W. Hennig
"Grundzüge einer Theorie der Phylogenetischen Systematik" (1950)
Homología -homoplasia
Primitivo - derivado
parsimonia
Uso de modelos evolutivos
M. Kimura "The neutral theory of molecular evolution" (1968)
King andJukes’"Non-Darwinian Evolution" (1969).
Null model- reloj molecular
Tomoko Ohta
nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution is a modification of the neutral theory of molecular evolution that accounts for slightly advantageous or deleterious mutations at the molecular level
nearly neutral theory predicts a relationship between population size and the rate of molecular evolution: in larger populations, genetic drift, which can bring even slightly deleterious mutations to fixation, is a weaker force, so evolution happens more slowly than in smaller populations
DNA substitution mutations are of two types. Transitions are interchanges of two-ring purines (A G) or of one-ring pyrimidines (C T): they therefore involve bases of similar shape. Transversions are interchanges of purine for pyrimidine bases, which therefore involve exchange of one-ring and two-ring structures.
Although there are twice as many possible transversions, because of the molecular mechanisms by which they are generated, transition mutations are generated at higher frequency than transversions. As well, because transitions are less likely to result in amino acid substitutions, they are more likely to persist and hence are more frequently observed in populations as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) than are transversions.
Nei M & Kumar S (2000) Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, New York.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Neutral-Theory-The-Null-Hypothesis-of-Molecular-839
Tarea:
Localiza una clasificación comúnmente utilizada en algún grupo de tu interés. De preferencia una familia, orden o clase.
Localiza una filogenia producida para ese grupo
Compara que tanto la clasificación concuerda, refleja o recupera la información filogenética.
Discute y propon modificaciones.
Ensayo de 2-5 páginas.