Download - City-States Review- In your groups discuss what you have already learned about city-states
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City-States
• Review- In your groups discuss what you have already learned about city-states
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The Middle Ages
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The beginning of the Middle Ages (AKA Dark
Ages)Fall of Rome –• No central power to provide
order
• Many Peoples invaded the area
• Social and Economic Chaos– Loss of education,
literacy– Trade Declined
• Cities were abandoned– Moved to towns, villages
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Rebuilding Society
– Feudalism (political system)
– Manor system (economic system)
– Rebuilt Trade and Infrastructure
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FeudalismForm of government based on exchange of land for protection and services
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Feudalism
Hierarchy-Descending power and authority
Social Class system-InheritedWell defined
Investiture-Loyalty and Service secured by Oath (contract)
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Feudal Class SystemLords – Nobles that were given lands by king
to maintain in return for service(Landlords)
Knights- Lesser Nobles that were also given lands to maintain in return for service
Serf- Worked the land and could not leave(Indentured)
Peasants- Worked the land but could leave (Freemen)
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How Feudalism Works• King or Nobel gives control of a piece of land
(Fief) to another Nobel (Vassal) in return for service and taxes
Fief- is a piece of land given to a vassal by a lord to manage and protect.
Vassal- Anyone who pledged their loyalty and service to another in return for a grant of land.
• Nobles can then divide up land further to other Nobles (Knights) or peasants/surfs in return for service and taxes
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Vassals
• Most noble vassals were knights: Professional horse soldiers
• Vassals provided military service and paid taxes to lords
• Mostly taxes were paid in crops
• Ultimately everyone was a vassal of the king
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Feudal Structure
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Manor system• Basic economic
arrangement within Feudalism
• Revolved around the manor or large estate of the lord
• Based on set of rights and obligations between serfs and lords
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Manor system
•Lords protected land
•Peasants farmed the fields
•Serfs were legally tied to the land
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Manors: Self-Sufficient Community
• Manor Had:• Fortified house/castle• Village• Fields for crops• Pasture for animals• Church• Mill to grind grain• Blacksmith.
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Growth of Towns• People in Towns Asked
for Charters– Written documents
assuring rights– Formalized relationship to
lord
• Merchants set up Headquarters in towns
• Middle class began to grow (Between Peasants and Nobles)
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Trade Guilds
• Association of merchants and artisans that governed town
– Controlled prices/wages in town
– Set standards– Regulated Trade– Trained Members
• Apprentice• Journeyman• Master (Join Guild)
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Economic Changes
• Regained Control of Medterianian
• Rubuilt Roman Roads
• Trade system re-created
• Trade Fairs– Meet for several weeks
to trade each year– Business grew to
support
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The Crusades• The origin intent was to unite the
Roman and Byzantine churches under the leadership of Pope Urban II.
• The first Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem from the Muslims.
• The second Crusade failed to capture Edessa.
• The third Crusade attempted to re-capture Jerusalem and failed.
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Warriors traveled from Europe to the Middle East.
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Results of the Crusades
• The pope and the feudal nobility both suffered a loss of power.
• Religious tolerance decreased.
• Hatred between Muslims and Christians remained high.
• An increase in trade sparked European expansion.
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3
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List ideas associated with chivalry.
Section 3 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
war games for glory
Christian faith
courtesyloyalty
courtly love
epic poems
women on pedestal
courage
horses as status symbols
Chivalry
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3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
Helped women: Showed new respect and admiration; made the love between men and women more important; offset Church’s dim view of women
Hindered women: Fostered unrealistic visions of women; encouraged a distant admiration of women instead of a respect for women’s abilities and ideas; valued unrequited love over relationships or marriage; applied to very few women
Possible Responses:
2. Do you think the idea of romantic love helped or hindered women? Why? THINK ABOUT
• pros and cons of placing women on a “pedestal” • the Church’s view of women • the lyrics of love songs quoted in the text
continued . . .
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
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3
Section 3 Assessment
ANSWERANSWER
• taught boys about courtesy and honor
• softened the brutality of a warlike society
• created guidelines for social behavior
• encouraged the virtues of loyalty, faith, and bravery
• inspired great literature
Possible Responses:
3. What positive effects might the code of chivalry have had on feudal society? THINK ABOUT
• the ideals of chivalry
• the education of a knight
End of Section 3
HOME
The Age of Chivalry
• the importance of religious faith
• the violence and constant warfare during the Middle Ages