Download - CIRCULATORY/ CARDIOVASCULAR UNIT #6
C I R C U L AT O R Y/ C A R D I O VA S C U L A R
U N I T # 6
ABG Aterial blood gasAg Antigenbl bloodDiff differentialFE+ IronO2 OxygenRBC Red blood cellWBC White blood cellAIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
alb AlbuminCBC Compete blood countFBS Fasting blood sugarH&H Hemoglobin and hematocritPLC Platelet countRh Rhesus
CREATE A NEW STUDY SET:CIRC/CARDIO
USE PACKET B
(10)
BELL RINGER
• Working with your neighbor, on the back of your
LABs, write 5 sentences using directional terms
(anterior, posterior, inferior, superior, etc.)
comparing muscles in the body.
• For example: the biceps are anterior to the
triceps.
• Use pages 176 and 201 in your books to help you.
• When finished, write your BEST sentence on
your desk
WORD PARTS PRACTICE: WRITE TERM THEN THEN DEFINE
WORD PARTS PRACTICE: WRITE TERM THEN THEN DEFINE
an- No, not, without -globin, globin/o Protein
-ac, -al,-tic,-ic,-ary Pertaining to Hemangi/o Blood vessel
Ante- Before, in front of Leuk/o White
Arter/o Artery -malacia Abnormal softening
Circulat/o Circulate -ology Study of
Coagul/o,
coagulat/o
clotting Ox/i Oxygen
Dilat/o, -dilation Widening, spread
out
Pulmon/o Lung
-emia Blood condition System/o,
systemat/o
Body system
Fibrin/o Threads of a clot -tion Condition of
a- Not, without, away Hem/o, hemat/o Blood
Angi/o Blood or lymph
vessels
-ion Condition
Apoplect/o Stroke Mal- Bad, poor
Ather/o Plaque Norm/o Normal
Crit- To separate -otomy Cutting, surgical
incision
Cyt/o, -cyte Cell Phleb/o Vein
-edema Swelling -rrhage Bleeding/abnormal
fluid
Erythr/o Red -sclerosis Abnormal hardening
-gen, gen/o, gen- Producing Thromb/o clot
INCREDIBLE HUMAN MACHINE
Student exploration
Working with partners try to come
up with 3 words by just using your
WORD PARTS
• Write them out on mini
whiteboards (no definitions yet)
• When Teacher instructs: pass boards
to next group
1. Square the suffix, underline the
word part, circle the prefix (if any)
2. Define them (starting with suffix!)
3. Discussion/check with Ms. Kraack
4. Designate ONE person from the
LAB group: Write 2 words and
definitions on the board up front
an-
-ac, -al,-
tic,-ic,-ary
Arter/o
Circulat/o
Coagul/o,
coagulat/o
Dilat/o, -
dilation
-emia
Fibrin/o
-globin,
globin/o
Leuk/o
-malacia
-ology
Ox/i
Pulmon/o
System/o,
systemat/o
-tion
a-
Ather/o
Crit-
Cyt/o, -cyte
-edema
Erythr/o
-gen,
gen/o, gen-
Hem/o,
hemat/o
-ion
Mal-
Norm/o
-otomy
Phleb/o
-rrhage
-sclerosis
Thromb/o
LAB STATION WORK EXAMPLES
• Arteriomalacia
• Atherosclerosis
• Coagulation
• Hemoglobin
• Normal
• Circulation
• pulmonary
CHAPTER READING:
•Please read pages 185-88
CONTINUE IN STUDY SET: CIRC/CARDIO
AnemiaCoronary CirculationPulmonary CirculationSystemic CirculationErythrocyteLeukocyteThrombocyte
AntibodiesCoagulation:Process of clot formation
HematocritHemoglobinImmunityInflammationPhlebotomy
Plasma: Fluid portion of blood
FROM GLOSSARY
FROM PGS 184-190
(FINAL: 57)
Anemia Below normal number of RBC
Antibody Molecule that interacts with specific antigen
Coagulation Process of clot formation
Coronary circulation
The circulation of blood within the heart
Erythrocyte RBC
Hematocrit To separate blood. A screening test that determines the presence of anemia
Hemoglobin Protein in RBC, carries oxygen
Immunity Security against a particular disease
Inflammation Localized protective response to injury or destruction of tissue resulting in pain, heat, redness, swelling and LOF
Leukocyte WBC
Phlebotomy Incision, or cut, into a vein done to collect a blood sample
Plasma: Fluid portion of blood
Pulmonary circulation
Flow of blood between the heart and lungs
Systemic Circulation
The flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body (to all systems)
Thrombocyte Blood platelet, smallest blood cell
ROW REVIEW!
•Silent study 2 min
ABBs, WP, vocab to
get ready for quiz
next class.
CIRCULATORY COLORING• You will need 2 contrasting
colors. Make a key. (share
with your LAB group)
• Change colors when you
meet an “X”
• Pg 186 will help with
coronary circ.
• Answer the questions when
you are finished
GUIDING QUESTIONS: WHAT DO YOU KNOW?• What are 3 Types of blood vessels?
• What color are they?
• Why are they different colors?
• What is blood made up of?
• Arteries carry blood ……….?
• Veins carry blood…?
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
•Solid components:
–Erythrocytes
• Contain hemoglobin
• Live about 120 days
• Made by red marrow in bones
• Liver and spleen remove dead
RBC’s
–Leukocytes
–Thrombocytes
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
• Solid components:
– Erythrocytes
– Leukocytes
• Function: to fight disease and infection
• Fewer WBC than RBC
• Larger than RBC
• Live about 9 days
• Move out of the blood vessels into lymph
tissue to help with immunity
• Pus = WBC and bacteria
– Thrombocytes
WBC BREAK DOWN
Using pages 187-88 fill in the function of each WBC
WBC FUNCTION
Basophil Release heparin to stop clotting, produce histamine to dilate, control inflammation, kill parasites
Eosinophil Kill parasites, control inflammation & allergic reactions
Neutrophil Remove small unwanted particles from blood
Lymphocyte Essential to immune system. Protect from formation of
cancer cells
Monocyte Destroy large unwanted particles in blood stream
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD• Solid components:
– Erythrocytes
– Leukocytes
– Thrombocytes
• Help with clotting
• Produced in red bone marrow
• Live about 10 days
• Clotting process: platelets stick to damaged
tissue and to each other. Group together to
control blood loss from blood vessel.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
•Liquid component:
–Plasma
• Whole blood = 55% plasma
• Made up of:
– Water
– Protein
– Salts
– Nutrients
– Vitamins
– hormones
BELL RINGER:
• Abbreviation, Word part, Vocab quiz.
•Please take ½ sheet of paper out
MUSCLE MEMORY
BODY MOVEMENT PRACTICAL
1. In lab groups
2. Study with group
3. When teacher says to, partner up and “grade”
each other. You will actually be marking on
their practical.
1. They MUST SAY name of joint and movement.
2. Ex: you say “elbow flexion” they say “elbow
flexion”
C O M P O N E N T S O F B LO O D R E V I E W : D E S K R E V I E WC O P Y D I A G R A M O N D E S K , F I L I T I N ! N O N O T E S U N T I L T E A C H E R “ O K ”
Components of blood
B E
N L
M
BLOOD T YPING
KEY TERMS
•Antigens: foreign object, pathogen
•Antibodies: proteins secreted by lymphocytes
•Antibodies bond with antigens = lock and key
phenomenon
Antigen = lock antibody = key
BLOOD TYPES
BLOOD TYPE IS INHERITED
• Each person inherits 2 genes.
• Dominant genes
– Are A and B
– Shown as “I”
– EX:
• Recessive genes
– O
– Shown as “i”
– Ex:
PUNNETT SQUARE
4 BLOOD TYPES
• Blood type is determined by antigens on the surface
of RBC
• A
– Only A antigens
• B
– Only B antigens
• AB
– Both A and B antigens
• O
– Neither A or B antigens
•Your immune system has a tolerance
against it own antigens.
(you like your own antigens)
EX: Antigen A type A blood. It
will NOT form anti-A antibodies.
Blood Type Antigens on RBC’s Antibodies in
Plasma
A A Anti - B
B
COMPLETE THE TABLE SHOWING WHICH BLOOD CAN BE SAFELY TRANSFUSED FROM THE DONOR TO RECIPIENT.
R E C I P I E N T
D
O
N
O
R
Blood
Type
A B AB O
A x x
B
AB
O
TRANSFUSIONS
•Need to mix serum of the patient with the
blood cells of the donor.
• If Type A gets matched with Type B then
antibodies will clump together
• If this test is not done hemolysis (rupture of
blood cells) can occur
BLOOD
•Type O Blood
–Universal donor
• Because it lacks A and B antigens
•Type AB Blood
–Universal recipients because they lack anti-A and
anti-B antibodies.
• (they won’t attack new blood coming in)
RH FACTOR ANTIGEN
• Found in RBC
• Rh- : people who do not have antigens on
RBC
• Rh+ : people who do have the antigen on
RBC
• About 85% of Americans are Rh+
• If RH + blood is given to Rh- then the body
thinks it is an invading pathogen and starts
to form antibodies for the lock and key
REVIEW
A.The heart is ____________________ (Directional
Term) to the lungs.
B.The heart is divided into ________ and ______ sides
C.The word pulmonary is another term for
_______________
D.Name the 3 different blood vessels in the circulatory
system
E.Name 3 components of blood
HEALTH MATTERS OF THE
CIRCUL ATORY SYSTEM
ANEMIA –MOST COMMON BLOOD DISORDER
• Etiology:
– Inadequate amount of
hemoglobin, RBC or both
• S/S: shortness of breath,
pallor (pale), rapid heart
rate.
• TX: dietary supplements,
blood replacement.
HEMOPHILIA
•Etiology: rare sex linked genetic
blood disease in which the blood
is missing a clotting factor.
•S/S: prolonged or uncontrolled
bleeding
•TX: giving plasma that contains
the missing clotting factor, no
cure
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
• Etiology: dysfunction of the immune system caused by a virus. Virus will cause DNA to become infected damaging WBC.
• HIV is transmitted through exchange of body fluids.
• S/S: may not show for 6-10 years: fatigue, weakness, painful joints, diarrhea.
• TX: no cure, experimental medicines.
LEUKEMIA (BLOOD CANCER)
• Etiology: abnormal malignant increase in the number and longevity of WBC. WBC are immature and less effective in fighting disease
• S/S: bleeding gums, anemia
• TX: radiation, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation
ELEPHANTIASIS• massive accumulation of lymphatic
fluid in body tissues, causing
abnormally large growth of tissue.
• Etiology: caused by obstruction of
the lymph vessels by tiny worms
(filariae) that are common in tropic
and subtropic areas.
• S/S: fever, chills and ulcer formation
• TX: no cure, oral medications and
mosquito control measures.
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
• Etiology: genetic condition that
results in malformed RBC
• The “sickled” cells are more fragile
and cause pain as vessels are
blocked and less oxygen is
delivered.
• S/S: sometimes no symptoms, may
cause death
• TX: no cure
ERYTHROBLASTISIS FETALIS
• Etiology: Antibodies from an Rh negative mother may enter
the blood stream of her unborn Rh positive infant,
damaging the red blood cells (RBCs). The infant responds
by increasing RBC production and sending out immature
RBCs that still have nuclei.
• S/S: baby may have brain damage
• TX: intrauterine blood transfusion
HODGKIN’S DISEASE
• Etiology: cancer of the lymph
system that usually appears in
people between the ages of 15-
30.
• S/S: painless enlargements of the
lymph nodes, itching, weight loss,
fever, difficulty swallowing.
• TX: chemotherapy or radiation
of the lymph nodes.
SPLENOMEGALY• Etiology: enlargement of
the spleen caused by an
acute infection such as
scarlet fever
• S/S: symptoms are similar
to leukemia and anemia.
• TX: may require removal
of spleen
THROMBOSIS
• Etiology: condition in which a blood clot
(thrombosis) forms in the vessels. Clot slows
the flow of blood to tissues
• Embolus: when the clot breaks away, it could
lodge in a blood vessels and cause tissue
death
• S/S: pain in the area of the clot because of
lack of oxygen
• TX: elevation, anticoagulants, may have
surgery to remove clot.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
•Using your book starting on pg 234 fill in
the Lymphatic system section of guided
notes
•Please put your books away when finished
PRACTICE QUIZZES
DIRECTIONS: FILL IN THE CHART.
Blood Type Receive blood from: Donate blood to:
A (example A, O)
1.
2.
List 2 Components of blood, and what makes up each component
Directions: Match up the WBC with its function(s).
a. neutrophils
b. Basophils
c. eosinophils
d. lymphocytes
e. monocytes
1. destroy large unwanted particles in the
bloodstream
2. control inflammation and allergic
reactions
3. protect the body against formation of
cancer cells
4. remove small unwanted particles from
the blood
5. release heparin to stop clotting
6. produce histamine to cause blood vessel
dilation
7. kill parasites
8. essential to immune system
Directions: Match up the WBC with its function(s).
a. Neutrophils (4,)
b. Basophils (5, 6, 7)
c. Eosinophils (7, 2)
d. Lymphocytes (3,8)
e. Monocytes (1)
1. destroy large unwanted particles
in the bloodstream
2. control inflammation and allergic
reactions
3. protect the body against
formation of cancer cells
4. remove small unwanted
particles from the blood
5. release heparin to stop clotting
6. produce histamine to cause blood
vessel dilation
7. kill parasites
8. essential to immune system
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD REVIEW: DESK REVIEW Components
of blood
B E
N L
M
Cardiovascular Unit PPT
Heart Anatomy: Flashcards:
•You will need to:•Cut •Hole punch•Get 1 color
SuperiorVenaCava
InferiorVenaCava
RightAtrium
TricuspidValve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
PulmonaryArtery
PulmonaryVein
LeftAtrium
BicuspidValve
LeftVentricle
AorticValve
Aorta Septum Endocardium
Myocardium Epicardium Pericardium
Review Heart Anatomy
•Quizlet.live
Video segment “The Matter of the Heart”: Watch the first time then take notes
Blood flow coloring:
• When finished fill out the questions to the right of coloring in packet. • Try without book, then book
• Use pgs 184-185
Blood flow: a little more realistically
Review Heart Anatomy: Using Heart Models
•You and a partner will head to a station with a heart model.
•PLEASE:•Label the heart model•EACH student writes 2 directional term sentences comparing 2 structures of the heart on your Unit packet. Checked by Mrs. White
Quick Quiz:
PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART: YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW HOW THE BLOOD FRLOWS THROUGH THE HEART
Make a new Quizlet set: CardiovascularADLam MorningBLS Basic life supportbpm B/P, BPCCUCHDCHFCXRDOBDxECG/ EKGEtiol
meds medication
MI Myocardial infarction
NPO
OR
preop Before surgery
postop After surgery
RR
Keep quizlet open
Shiny desk: Medical abbreviations practice
1. Take a family history, date of birth, weight before examination.
______________________________________________________
2. Record all vital signs, blood pressure, temperature and pulse three times a day
______________________________________________________
3. Take chest xray, electrocardiogram before surgery
______________________________________________________
4. Move patient to recovery room with wheelchair and give them bathroom privileges.
______________________________________________________
Take FH, DOB, wt before exam
Record VS, BP T, P tid
Take CXR, ECG/EKG preop
Move pt RR c w/c BRP
Word parts: Review
Erythro-Leuk-Tachy-cyte
-ary, -ic, acHem/o, hemat/o
-itis-malacia-sclerosisHepat/oCoron/o
Arter/oAther/o
Cardi/o, card/oValv
Phleb/o-osis
-stenosis-ion
Circulat/o
Word parts: Review
Erythro-Leuk-Tachy-cyte
-ary, -ic, acHem/o, hemat/o
-itis-malacia-sclerosisCoron/o
Arter/oAther/o
Cardi/o, card/oValv
Phleb/o-osis
-stenosis-ion
Circulat/o
Word parts: New
Diastol/o-verse, -version
Hepat/oAtri/o-lysis
Systol/o
Get checked off by teacher: 26 – 45 terms Keep quizlet open
Cardiovascular: Vocabulary literal definition. We will add to your definition together.
arteriostenosiscoronary
Pulmonary circulation
Hepatic circulationSystemic
circulationsystolic
Circulatory:
Vocabulary continued
• Arteriostensosis:
• Narrowing of blood vessel
• Coronary:
• Pertaining to heart
• Pulmonary circulation:
• Heart to lung, carrying de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returning oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart
• Hepatic circulation:
• Path of blood from the intestines, GB pancreas, stomach and spleen through the liver
• Systemic circulation: • General circulation to the systems.
Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to tissues of the body returning de-oxygenated blood to the right atrium
• Systolic: • Contraction of the ventricles
• Diastolic:• Dilation of the heart, resting
phase, or filling of the ventricles
• Blood pressure: • The force of the blood against the walls
• Stethoscope: • Instrument used to listen to body sounds
such as the heart beat
• Contract: • To shorten, reduce in size
• Rate: • Expression of speed or frequency.
Number of contraction of the heart per minute
Circulatory:
Vocabulary continued
• Cardioversion: • Restoration of normal heart rhythm
by electric shock
• Vessel: • Tubule in the body that carries fluid
• Aneurysm: • Blood vessel that bulges because of a
weakness in the wall
• Atherosclerosis:• Narrowing / hardening of blood
vessels caused by deposits of fatty material containing calcium and cholesterol
• Infarction: • An area of tissue death caused by loss
of oxygen as a result of obstruction
termrrhage
Practice quiz: Word bank: copy the word exactly how you see it below into forms
Video segment: watch the first time, then take notes
Heart Circulation• Pulmonary: Flow of blood between the heart and lungs
• Systemic: Flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body
• Coronary: Flow of blood within the heart
Blood Flow• Vessels
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart
• Largest = Aorta
• Heart muscle contractions pump blood through arteries
Veins carry blood towards the heart
Largest = Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Valves prevent blood from returning to heart
skeletal muscle contractions move blood through veins
Blood Flow Cont’d• Valves
• control blood flow
• Valve between left atrium and ventricle = bicuspid
• Valve between right atrium and ventricle = tricuspid
• Pulmonary and aortic valves stop the back flow of blood into the heart
W.A. follow up: in lab group1. Correct answers
2. Looking at # 10 &11: The ventricles push blood out of the heart. If they are not working perfectly :a) What is that persons body not receiving
b) What would the long term affects be
c) How could you treat it
3. On the back of W.A. list and define the directional terms
4. On the heart diagram label the anatomical structures that are on the worksheet. There should be 7+ (actually label the heart diagram)
Structures• Heart
• Beats 72 times a minute
• 100,000 times a day
• 3 Trillion times in a lifetime!
• Circulates about 5-7 liters of blood
• Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
Functions• Transport nutrients and oxygen
• Transport waste to kidneys
• Distribute hormones and antibodies
• Help control body temperature and maintain homeostasis
Heart• 2 Sided double pump
• Is about the size of your fist
• Lies in the thoracic cavity between the lungs
Heart Tissue• Endocardium: smooth
membranous lining inside the heart
• Myocardium: thickest layer, muscle tissue that is contractile.
Heart Tissue Cont’d
• Epicardium: outermost layer in the pericardium
• Pericardium: covers the outside of the heart
Parts of the Heart• Divided into right and left sides
• 2 chambers in each side, for a total of 4 chambers
• Atrium: top, where blood enters
• Ventricles: bottom, where blood leaves
• Left and right sides separated by a partition called a septum
Review
Cardiac Conduction System• Electrical Impulses produce a wave
that can be recorded on the ECG
• Consists of• Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Atrioventriclular (AV) node
• Bundle of His (AV Bundle)
• Bundle Branches
• Purkinje Fibers (network)
SA NODE• Located in the upper right part of the atrium
• Is a natural pacemaker
• Fires at a rate of 60 to 100 times per minute
• The heartbeat starts in the SA node
AV NODE• Located in the floor of the right atrium
• Delays or slows the electrical impulse
• Fires at a rate of 40 to 60 time per minute
• Can take over if the SA node is not working
Bundle of His• Located next to the AV node
• Transfers the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles
Bundle Branches• Located along the left and right side of the interventricular septum
• Act as pathways or a fork in the road
• Impulses in the bundle branch perform the important work of making the heart muscle contract
Purkinje Network• Provide an electrical pathway for each of the cardiac cells
• Activate the left and right ventricles simultaneously causing the ventricles to contract
Pulse
• Using reading packet fill in the Pulse
worksheet
Muscle Memory
10. Trapezius
11. Levator scapulae
12& 13. Rhomboids
• Triceps Brachii
• Latissimus dorsi
Review: Guiding questions 1. What is the largest artery of the cardiovascular/circulatory system?
2. What are the blood vessel that carry blood from the upper and lower parts of the body
3. What separates the left and right side of the heart
4. What are the 4 chambers of the heart
5. What keeps blood from flowing back into a chamber of the heart
Review:
• Labeling practice: We are going to practice the labeling portion of the assessment with a partner.
• Quizlet.live
Health Concerns/Assessments/Risk Factors
•Using Teacher website•Click block #4•Click Cardiovascular Health Concerns link•Fill in guided notes using the website
Unit Practice quiz: forms
Muscle Memory
12 & 13. Rhomboids
14. Triceps
15. Latissimus dorsi 16. Supraspinatus
17. Infraspinatus
Heart Sounds• Lubb Sound
• Heard first
• Mitral and tricuspid valves closing between the atria and ventricles
• Dupp Sound• Heard second
• Shorter and higher pitched
• Closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves as blood is pumped out of the heart
• Murmurs• Abnormal or extra sounds
http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html
Blood Pressure• Systolic = contraction of the ventricles
• Diastolic = ventricle relaxation
• Normal BP= 120/80 (systolic/diastolic)• Healthy systolic is less than 140 and greater than
90
• Healthy diastolic should be less than 100
• Read BP article/WS
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm0800157
Blood pressure readings
• Using the reading packet fill in the Blood Pressure worksheet
Apical pulse
Practice quizzes
Path of Blood: blood flow
1.
. All parts of the body
2.
Pulmonary veins
9.
Tricuspid valve
. Left ventricle
7. 6.
5.
4.
3.
8
Label the conduction system
Superior Vena Cava
Aortic Valve
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve
L Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Epicardium
Endocardium
MyocardiumL Ventricle
Inferior Vena CavaR Ventricle
Intraventricular Septum
Tricuspid Valve
R. Atrium
Pulmonary Valve
LUNGS
anatomy
1. There are _____ chambers of the heart
2. There are _____ tissue layers to the heart
3. The heart beats ____ times per minute
4. Average systolic BP _____
5. Average diastolic BP ____
6. Systolic BP range ____
7. Diastolic BP range _____
8. Average pulse _____
Block #4 Unit practice: copy the words exactly as you see.
When finished: 1) Review
answers2) Click on
Block 4 website: click and read Spinach bell ringer.
3) Keep laptops