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China before WWII• Had a revolution in 1911• Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system• Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – pushed around by European imperialist powers
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Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Led the Revolution of 1911Led the Revolution of 1911
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Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kaiYuan Shi-kai
• China was in chaos after the revolution• Feudal lords established control
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China in 1924China in 1924
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Mao ZedongMao Zedong
• One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao• Focused on getting support of peasants
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Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President
of Nationalist (Democratic) China, 1928
Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President
of Nationalist (Democratic) China, 1928
The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion
The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion
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THIS MEANS WAR!!!
CIVIL WAR THAT IS!!!
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The Long MarchThe Long March
Communists travel 6,000 miles away from Nationalists- Journey lasts 1 year.
8,500 of 80,000 Communists survived
• Click here because my computer stinks!
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Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945
Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945
Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere
of influence”
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• Communists & Nationalists ignore Japan and keep fighting each other.
• What is wrong with this?
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• Eventually the Communists & Nationalists join together in order to rid China of Japan.
• What do you think happens to this alliance following WWII?
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The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949
The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949• Civil War
began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China•Nationalist army outnumbered Communist•Truman Doctrine?•U.S. funded Nationalists
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The Communist Victory
The Communist Victory
• So mad @ my computer right now!
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Taiwan: The Republic of China
Taiwan: The Republic of China
Chiang Kai-shek and his government was forced out of
China to the tiny island of Taiwan.
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The People’s Republic of China
The People’s Republic of China
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Reasons for the Communists’
Success
Reasons for the Communists’
Success► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)
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Communist China Under Mao
Communist China Under Mao
►Return China to a strong country ►Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms
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Great Leap Forward, 1958
Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
► Built backyard furnaces to make iron
► Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE
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A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!To Rebel Is Good!
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Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.
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Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution
► Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit► To forget Great Leap Forward’s failure► Red Guards – students who attacked elders: professors, government officials, factory managers
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Red GuardRed Guard
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With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word
'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word
'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the
word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
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The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us
together Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art
Academy collective, 1968
The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us
together Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art
Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red
Book
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Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)
Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)
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De-Maoization
De-Maoization
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
““The 4 The 4 Modernizations”Modernizations”
Progress in:Progress in:
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
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Gap Between Rich & Poor
Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The“Goddess
ofDemocracy”
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
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Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster
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Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of
struggle!1967-1972
Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of
struggle!1967-1972
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Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster
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Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster
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Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster
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Assignment
*Page 539
*Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes.
*Answer the skillbuilder questions.
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• Japan’s Invasion
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Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937
Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937
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Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.
Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.
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The Japanese Invasion, 1937The Japanese
Invasion, 1937
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Beheadings Took Place in Public
Beheadings Took Place in Public
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“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great
Wall, 1971
“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great
Wall, 1971
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Mao Meets President Nixon,
1972
Mao Meets President Nixon,
1972
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Power StrugglePower Struggle
Modernists
Communist Traditionalist
s
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao
Wenyuan
1976
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
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Tiananmen Square, 1989
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order