Download - Childhood Asthma Sept. 12 Final
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Childhood AsthmaGroup Members:
Isaac MakLuis Chuidian
Sithu Pe Thein
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Outline of Presentation
I. Overview of Childhood Asthma
II. Roles of Social Workers in Providing
Assistance to Clients with Childhood AsthmaIII. Providing Mezzo and Macro-Level Services
for Asthma Patients
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Overview of Childhood
Asthma
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Definition
y Reversible airway obstruction
y Strongly family link
y Most common chronic illness in children
y Missed school and places
y More limits on activity than does any other disease
y Treatable but can't be cured
y Can keep symptoms under control
y Written plan
y Monitoring
y Regular doctor visits
y Making treatment changes as needed
(The Mayo Clinic website, 2010)
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Common Symptomsy Coughing
y A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling
y Shortness of breath
y Chest congestion or tightness
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
Other SymptomsyTrouble sleeping
yDelayed recovery or bronchitis after a respiratory infection
yFatigue or trouble breathing during active play or exercise
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Causes
y Overly sensitive immune system makes airways
y Become inflamed and swollen when exposed to
triggers (smoke or allergens).
y
Sometimes with no apparent triggers.y Airway muscles constrict
y Lining of the airways swell
y Thick mucus fills the bronchial tubes
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Asthma Triggers
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Risk factors
y Combination of genetic (inherited) and environmental factors
y Those with a family history of asthma are at greater risk
y Other environmental factors that may increase chances ofdeveloping asthma include:
y Exposure to tobacco smoke
y Previous allergic reactions, including skin reactions, foodallergies or allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
y Living in a large urban area with increased exposure to airpollution
y
A family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, hives or eczemay Low birth weight
y Obesity
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Children 6 years of age and oldery Lung function tests (Spirometry)
y measure how quickly and how much air can exhale.
y Pulmonary function tests
y At rest
y After exercising
y After taking asthma medication.
y Allergy tests also may be part of the evaluation.
Tests and Diagnosis
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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In Younger Children
Wait-and-see" approach for children younger than age 3 whohave symptoms of asthma.
Diagnosis can be difficult because lung function tests aren'taccurate before 6 years of age.
Some children also simply outgrow asthma-like symptomsover time.
Rely on detailed information about symptom type andfrequency when considering an asthma diagnosis in a young
child. Sometimes a diagnosis is not made until later, after months or
years of observing symptoms.
Long-term effects of asthma medication on infants and youngchildren aren't clear.
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Treatments
y The goal of treatment is to get under control.
y Well-controlled asthma means that your child has:
y Minimal or no symptoms
y Few or no asthma flare-ups
y No limitations on physical activities or exercise
y Minimal use of fast-acting "rescue" inhalers
y Few or no side effects from medications
(The Mayo Clinicwebsite, 2010)
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Long-term Control Medicationsy I
nhaled corticosteroidsy Leukotriene modifiers
y Theophylline
y Combination inhalers
Quick- li f ic ti sy Short-acting beta agonists
y Ipratropium (Atrovent)
y Oral and intravenous corticosteroids
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Inhaled Medication Devices
y Older children and teens - a pressurized metered dose inhaler
or an inhaler
y Infants and toddlers - a face mask attached to a metered dose
inhaler or a nebulizer
y Babies need to a use a device called a nebulizer
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Lifestyle and Home Remedies
y Use your air conditioner
y Maintain low humidity
y Keep indoor air clean
y Reduce pet dander
y Clean regularly
y Reduce exposure to cold air
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
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Coping and Support
y Encourage normal play and activityy Make treatment a regular part of life
y Be calm and in control when facing asthma symptoms
Avoid triggers
y Ban smoking around your child
y Encourage your child to be active
y Have a plan
(TheMa
y li ic website, )
Prevention
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Roles of Social Workers in Prov
idingAssistance to Clients with Childhood
Asthma
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I. Identifying Psychosocial Factors that
Affect the Patients Asthmatic
Condition
y Psychosocial risk factors can influence many aspects of asthma
management and affect morbidity.
y Examples of Psychosocial Factors:
-Effects of stress on the children with asthma
-The mental health of parents
-Effects asthma has on family functioning
y The mental health of affected children and their parents = The mostsignificant psychosocial factor in predicting asthma morbidity
(Parker-Oliver, 2005, p. 1 7; arman, Silver, & ood, 200 , p. 14)
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I. Identifying Psychosocial Factors that
Affect the Patients Asthmatic
Condition
y Children belonging to disadvantaged communities tend to experience
more barriers to care.
y Stress has been found to have a negative effect on children's asthma,exacerbating the condition in the weeks following onset.
y Fatigue, the handling of asthmatic episodes, and the management of
childrens discipline and behavioral problems are difficulties that
parents face.
(Parker-Oliver, ;p. 6 - 68; Warman, Silver, Wood, 6, p. )
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II. Expanding Coping Strategies of
Asthma Patients and their Families
y Families with poor adaptive and coping styles put chronically-
ill children at risk
y The social worker, while educating parents, should expand
coping strategies to include:
-Meditation
-Relaxation
-Stress Management
( arker-Oliver, 2005, p. 1 9)
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II. Expanding Coping Strategies of
Asthma Patients and their Families
y By providing a listening ear and reassurance, social workers
can boost parental confidence in the handling of the disease.
y Social workers target early efforts in the diagnostic process to
help caretakers use support networks to reduce isolation and
stress.
y Social workers can also help through:
-Providing financial counseling
-Connecting families to resources networks
-Intervening when parental and child anxiety and
depression are present
(Parker-Oliver, 2005, p. 1 9)
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III. Collaborating with Medical
Professionals
y Health care providers lack the time and expertise to assess
psychosocial issues appropriately and identify families at risk
y Mental health professionals should be part of aninterdisciplinary team with asthmatic children.
y An interdisciplinary approach to pediatric asthma, using
physicians, nurses, health educators, and mental health
professionals would add value to the management andtreatment of the disease.
( arker-Oliver, 2005, p.1 9)
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IV. Advocating Within The Medical
System
y Parents find themselves shuffled between providers and
struggling to understand medical explanations (e.g. pharmacy
terms and prescriptions).
y
Social workers must ensure that the asthma plan's instructionsshould be tailored to the confidence and coping skills of
parents.
y Social workers need to reassure parents that there will always
be a solid plan in place.
(Parker-Oliver, 2005, p.1 9)
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References:The Mayo Clinic ( ). Childhoodasthma. Retrieved last September
, from the Mayo Clinic website: http://www.mayoclinic.com/
health/childhood asthma/DS 8 /DSECTION=symptoms.
Parker-Oliver, D. ( ). Asthma management: A role for social work. Health
and Social Work, 30( ): pp. 6 - .
Warman, K., Silver, E., Wood, P. ( 6). Asthma risk assessment:
What are the needs of inner-city families?AnnalsofAllergy,
Asthma,and Immunology, 97: pp. - .