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In the Service of the Filipino Worldwide:The Filipino Migrant Worker in the Transnational Cinematic Space
Cherish Aileen A. BrillonFar Eastern University
Edgardo A. Brillon Jr.University of the Philippines
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Mass media in the globalized economy
Media industries have become big businesses
Supremacy of space over time is made possible through diversification of transnational companies.
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Why political economy?
The power and influence mass media wields in the social, political and economic level.
the intersection between theory and
practice, where institutional policies are linked with research.
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Philippine mass media
Commercial and privately owned
Duopoly
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In the service of the Filipino: ABS-CBN as a media conglomerate
Various ABS-CBN holdings:
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In the service of the Filipino: ABS-CBN as a media conglomerate
Company slogan:
In the Service of the FilipinoWorldwide
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United States
UAE
SaudiArabia
UnitedKingdom
Malaysia
Australia
Canada
Singapore
Japan
Qatar
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Main Points: Star Cinema’s migrant films serve two
purposes:
Filipino migrant worker as another potential market: through its representations of their stories in the transnational spaces
Filipino labor as product: the political and economic policies of the Philippine government in exporting human labor
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What are Filipino ‘migrant’ films?
Filipino migrant workers as central characters
Experiences in a foreign country
Explicit titles of places which serves as a promotional/tourism material for both the transnational space and the film
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Filipino migrant films
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UAE
Australia
Italy
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Representation of Filipino migrant workers
As: Hardworking Able to adapt to the ways of a foreign
culture Dependable Loving and sacrificing Modern day heroes
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Representation of Filipino migrant workers
Balikbayan box as: Signifier of upward mobility Downplayed the hardships in terms of
abuse, violence, and discrimination one has to endure in order to procure these signs of material affluence
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Representation of Filipino migrant workers
governs transnational relationships between the Western producer and the Filipino consumer
“commercialization of private feelings”
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Representation of Filipino migrant workers
Concept of two masters
the foreign master: economic transaction
the family: kinship and social transaction
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Representation of Filipino migrant workers
Deterritorialization
Is there a “weakening” attachment of the Filipinos to their homeland?
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Representations of transnational spaces
Major character: transnational spaces
Tourist gaze - is the peculiar combination of the means of collective travel, the desire to travel and the techniques of photographic reproduction (Urry, 2002).
The lives of these Filipinos are framed and are negotiated on these transnational spaces
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Representations of transnational spaces Filipino workers’ migration is straightforward
Urban to Urban or Rural to Rural
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Representations of transnational spaces Open spaces are representative of: Freedom Isolation Loneliness
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Representations of transnational spaces
RomanticismThe characters always find love in the most
beautiful places or what is popularly known as tourists landmarks.
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Representations of transnational spaces
The concept of other places being more prosperous and safe compared to the Philippines
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Representations of transnational spaces
Reterritorialized spaces for the Filipinos
Hang-out place after work in Milan
Picnic at the beach in Dubai
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Filipino migrant workers’ labor as product
Government’s labor policyFormer President Macapagal-Arroyo’s Mid-Term
Philippine Development Plan states:
Overseas employment remains to be a legitimate option for the country’s work force….Better employment opportunities and modes of engagement in overseas labor markets shall be actively explored and developed, consistent with regional and international commitments and agreements (Tyner 2004, p.51 as cited in Brillo, 2008, p. 47)
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Narrative of the Filipino migrant worker as savior
Their stories are set against foreign places, framed as romantic, beautiful, exotic, but out of reach for majority of Filipinos.
These places are ideologically projected as free from crime, safe, secured, and financially prosperous and rewarding than living in the Philippines.
How?
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But…
Glossed over the holistic picture of what being a Filipino migrant worker entails in a capitalist society.
The labor policy as a way out of poverty and a chance towards financial and social mobility.
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Filipino migrant worker as potential target market
ABS-CBN has a stake in the success and continued propagation of these films
ABS-CBN sends a message that they exist to tell their stories
Then incorporates transnational places as an additional attraction to their other target market: local viewers.
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Mass media as a business enterprise Through diversification ABS-CBN has reduced
geographical spaces and made it easier for them to create a potential market for their services
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Conclusion
Exposed the workings of media with a primarily business orientation and a government with its own labor agenda
Implications of media’s ‘supposed’ adversarial role with the government
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In the Service of the Filipino Worldwide:The Filipino Migrant Worker in the Transnational Cinematic Space
Cherish Aileen A. BrillonFar Eastern University
Edgardo A. Brillon Jr.University of the Philippines