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Chemical Reactor Engineering I
Youn-Woo LeeSchool of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Seoul National University155-741, 1 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr
Lecture #1
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Syllabus반응공학
Youn-Woo Lee
School of Chemical & Biological Eng.
Seoul National University
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주별진행계획강의계획서
회수 날짜 장 강의계획
1 03월06일(월) 제1장
몰수지
서론, 공업용반응기, 공업반응기 분류
2 03월08일(수) 이상적 반응기, 일반몰수지식, 설계방정식
3 03월13일(월) 제2장
전화율,
반응기크기 선정
전화율, 설계방정식, 레벤스필 플롯, 반응기크기 결정
4 03월15일(수) 직렬연결반응기, 공간시간, 공간속도
5 03월20일(월) 제3장속도법칙 반응차수, 속도법칙, 반응속도상수, 활성화에너지
6 03월22일(수)
제4장
화학양론
Global Leadership Training
7 03월27일(월) 시험1
8 03월29일(수) 화학양론-정용 (constant volume)
9 04월03일(월) 화학양론-변용 (variable volume)
10 04월05일(수)
제5장
등온반응기설계
등온 반응기 설계-회분식반응기, CSTR
11 04월10일(월) 등온 반응기 설계-관형반응기, 충전층반응기 압력강하
12 04월12일(수) 등온 반응기 설계-화학공장의 통합설계
13 04월17일(월) 제6장
등온반응기: 몰유량
몰유량수지 알고리즘
14 04월19일(수) 마이크로반응기/멤브레인반응기/반회분식/start-up
15 04월24일(월) 자율학습일
16 04월26일(수) 중간
17 05월01일(월)
제7장
속도자료 분석
자료해석 알고리즘/적분법/비선형회귀법
18 05월03일(수) 부처님오신날
19 05월08일(월) 미분반응기 (고체촉매반응)
20 05월10일(수)
제8장
복합반응
복합반응 알고리즘/병렬반응/반응기선택과 조건
21 05월15일(월) 직렬반응
22 05월17일(수) 복합반응1(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)
23 05월22일(월) 복합반응2(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)
24 05월24일(수) 복합반응(멤브레인)
25 05월29일(월)
제9장
반응메커니즘
생물반응
활성중간체, PSSH, 반응메커니즘, 반응경로
26 05월31일(수) 효소반응, 효소-기질 복합체, 마이켈리스-멘텐식
27 06월05일(월) 효소반응의 저해
28 06월07일(수) 생물반응기, 회분식
29 06월12일(월) 생물반응기, CSTR
30 06월14일(수) 기말
교과목명 반응공학1 개설학부 화학생물공학부
교과목번호 458.303 강좌번호 002 총학점 3-3-0
담당교수 이윤우e-mail/연구실
302동 726호 연락처 880-1883
교과목홈페이지
http://cbe.snu.ac.kr교과목구분
전공필수
수강대상 3학년 선수 권장과목
화학생물공학입문
공정전산기초, 물리화학,
화공열역학
강의시간 월, 수 15:30-16:45 강의실 302-508
강의조교권동의 (311-418)
백민성 (302-217)상담시간 강의시간 후
교과목
목표
일정한 온도에서 반응이 일어나는 화학반응기 (isothermal reactor)내의
mole balance와 반응속도를 근거로 하여 반응전환율에 따른 반응기 크기
(연속 흐름반응기) 또는 반응시간 (회분식 반응기)을 결정하는 설계 알고리즘
을 습득한다. 반응속도식을 실험적으로 어떻게 구하는 지를 배우며 이를 반응
기설계에 있어서 어떻게 활용하는 지를 배운다. 여러 형태의 반응기 (교반형
회분식반응기, 교반형 연속식 탱크 반응기, 연속식 관형 반응기, 촉매충전형
연속 관형반응기 등)의 설계기법을 배우고, 여러 반응형태 (단일반응, 병렬반
응, 직렬반응, 복합반응)에 대한 반응기 적용 예를 배운다. 셰일가스의 등장으
로 새롭게 부각되고 있는 에탄가스의 화학제품 활용을 위한 실제 크기의 공업
용 반응기를 설계하는 기법을 배우기 위하여 다음과 같은 실전 예제를 다룬다:
(1) 에탄의 탈수소화반응으로 에텔렌을 생산하는 기상반응기 (PFR) 설계, (2)
에틸렌을 부분산화하여 에틸렌오사이드를 제조하는 촉매충전층반응기 (PBR)
설계, 그리고 (3) 에틸렌옥사이드를 수화반응하여 에틸렌글리콜을 생산하는
CSTR 설계. 또한 다양한 마이크로반응기, 반회분식반응기, 멤브레인반응기,
생물반응기를설계하는 연습을 통하여 엔지니어링 센스를 습득한다.
수업
진행방법이론수업
교재
및
참고서
교재핵심화학반응공학 (2011)H. Scott Fogler지음 /이윤우 옮김피어슨에듀케이션코리아
참고서
Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering (2011)
H. Scott Fogler
Pearson Education Inc.
성적
평가방법출석 (10%),과제 (15%),시험1 (15%),중간 (25%),기말 (35%)
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Essentials of Chemical Reaction EngineeringPearson Education
November 01, 2010
Textbook
Supercritical Fluid Process Lab
Fogler, H.S.Scott Fogler is Past President of the
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
for 2010. He received his B.S. from the
University of Illinois and his M.S. and
Ph.D. from the University of Colorado. He
is the Ame and Catherine Vennema
professor of chemical engineering and the
Arthur F. Thurnau professor at the
University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
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핵심화학반응공학
㈜ 피어슨에듀케이션코리아
2011년 12월23일
H. Scott Fogler지음
이윤우 옮김
교 과 서
Supercritical Fluid Process Lab
Syllabus
Reaction Engineering I (458.303.002)
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반응공학이란무엇인가?
반응공학은 반응기를 합리적으로 설계하고, 안전하게 조작하는 데 필요한 지식을 체계화한 학문이다. 구체적으로, 반응공학은 몰수지(반응기에 얼마나 많은 반응물이 들어가고 생산물이 얼마나 나가는가? 즉 얼마나 많이 생산할 것인가?), 반응속도(반응물은 얼마나 빨리 소모하는가? 제품은 얼마나 빨리생성되는가?), 화학양론(반응물에 대하여 생성물의 몰수는?),에너지수지(최적 반응온도는 무엇인가? 안전하게 운전할 수있는가?), 열역학(우리가 도달할 수 있는 한계는 어디까지인가?) 등을 결합하여 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 학문이다.
반응공학문제해결알고리즘=몰수지+반응속도식+화학양론(+에너지수지)
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주요반응공학문제
(1) 화학반응을동반하는반응기의형태와크기결정(2) 반응기의배열(3) 반응시간의예측(4) 반응실험자료의확보및해석(5) 반응기내에서의압력강하(6) 복합반응에서의선택성과수율의최대화(7) 비기초반응의속도식결정과반응메커니즘의예측(8) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도식 결정(9) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도제한 단계의 분석(10) 고체촉매반응에서의 반응과 물질전달(11) 최적의 반응온도 결정(12) 非등온반응에서의 열교환 능력의 결정(13) 단열 반응기의 안전성 해석(14) 非정상상태 반응기 운전
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주요반응공학문제예제(1) 공업용반응기를 PFR로할것인가 CSTR로할것인가?(2) 실험용반응기를설계하는데고려해야하는것은?(3) 생산량을늘리려면온도를올릴것인가반응기를크게할것인가?(4) 생산량을 30%늘리려면반응기부피(촉매의무게)는얼마나크게해야하는가?(5) 반응기배열: CSTR1CSTR2CSTR3또는 CSTR1CSTR2PFR로할것인가?(6) 맥주제조발효기를언제중단해야맛있는맥주를만들수있는가?(7) 세계에서처음수행하는화학반응의속도식은어떻게구할것인가?(8) 속도식을구하려고하는데어떤반응기를사용할것인가?(9) 가역반응의전화율을높이는반응기는?(10) 멤브레인반응기를선택하는경우는?(11) 촉매크기를변경할경우반응기내에서의압력강하변화와전화율변화는?(12) 압력강하를줄이기위하여반응기직경을늘리거나촉매의크기를늘리는경우?(13) Start up에서정상상태에도달하는시간은?(14) 평행반응에서선택성과수율의최대화와할수있는반응기선택은?(15) 연속반응에서선택성과수율의최대화와할수있는방법은?(16) 반회분식반응기는어떤경우에사용되는가?(17) 非기초반응의속도식결정하는방법은?(18) 생물반응기는어떻게설계하는가?
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이상적인반응기 (ideal reactors)
반응공학 문제를 해결하는 능력을 키우기 위해 이 강좌에서는다루는 반응기들
(1) 회분식반응기(batch)(2) 연속교반탱크반응기(CSTR)(3) 플러그흐름반응기(PFR)(4) 충전층반응기(PBR)(5) 유동층 CSTR(6) 미분(differential)반응기(7) 멤브레인반응기
이상적인 반응기들(ideal reactors)을 대상으로 하여 반응기설계 알고리즘을 따라서 여러 가지 문제를 논리적으로 접근하며 해결할 수 있도록 한다.
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강의주제Syllabus
반응공학
Seoul National University
이상적인 반응기: batch, CSTR, plug flow
하나의 반응에 대하여 이상반응기에서 몰수지식 작성
반응속도, 화학양론, 결합 이해
이상적 반응기의 특징 및 성능비교
반응속도식 구하는 방법
연속반응과 평행반응 확장
Kinetics를 위한 실험실적 반응기 선택방법
유체의 밀도가 변하는 반응계와 압력강하
반응기, 분리기, 재순환과 최적화 개념
복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율, 그리고 반응기 선택방법
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Chemical Process
Separation
processes
Separation
processes
Chemical
reaction
Raw
materialsProducts
Byproducts
The key component is the chemical reactor in any processes.
In typical chemical processes the capital and operating costs of the reactor may
be only 10 to 25% of the total, with separation units dominating the size and
cost of the process. Yet the performance of the chemical reactor totally controls
the costs and modes of operation of these expensive separation units, and thus
the chemical reactor largely controls the overall economics of most processes.
Improvement in the reactor usually have enormous impact on upstream and
downstream separation processes.
Seoul National University
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Use of Nitrobenzene
Benzene nitrobenzene aniline MDA MDI polyurethane
Acetaminophen
Herbicide, dye pigment
Vulcanization accelerator
Seoul National University
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The production of nitrobenzene: 1 ton/yr
NO2
+ HNO3 + H2OH2SO4
BenzeneM.W.=78bp=80oCSP.GR.=0.88Insoluble with water
NitrobenzeneM.W.=123bp=211oCSP.GR.=1.2Insoluble with water
Sulfuric acidM.W.=98bp=290oCSP.GR.=1.5 (60%)soluble with water
Nitric acidM.W.=63bp=121oCSP.GR.=1.4 (100%)soluble with water
BASIS: 1000kg of Nitrobenzene
Thoe. 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmoleTheo. 634 kg 512 kg 1000 kgReal 640 kg 515 kg 3.3 kg (consumption)Excess 3 kg 3.3 kg (consumption)Excess 0.037 kgmole 0.034 kgmole (consumption)
HNO3 +NaOH → NaNO3 +H2OH2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
NaOH requirement=0.037*40+0.034*2*40=4.2kg ~ 0.004 ton
Benzene nitric acid sulfuric acid
Seoul National University
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The production of nitrobenzene
NO2
+ HNO3 + H2O
H2SO4
Benzene
M.W.=78
bp=80oC
SP.GR.=0.88
Insoluble with water
Nitrobenzene
M.W.=123
bp=211oC
SP.GR.=1.2
Insoluble with water
Sulfuric acid
M.W.=98
bp=290oC
SP.GR.=1.5 (60%)
soluble with water
Nitric acid
M.W.=63
bp=121oC
SP.GR.=1.4 (100%)
soluble with water
Nitrobenzene 1 ton
Raw materials Utilities
Benzene 0.64 ton cooling water 14,200 gal
Nitric acid (100%) 0.515 ton steam 800 lb
Sulfuric acid (100%) 0.0033 ton electricity 20 kWh
NaOH 0.004 ton compressed air 180 scf/m
Seoul National University
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Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene
steam
Condensate
to wash
Vacuum jet
Surface
condenser
vapors
Sulfuric acid
concentrator
Reactors (Nitrators) Separator
benzene
Crude Nitrobenzene (
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Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene
steam
Condensate
to wash
Vacuum jet
Surface
condenser
vapors
Sulfuric acid
concentrator
Reactors (Nitrators) Separator
benzene
Crude Nitrobenzene (
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Chemical Kinetics
The knowledge of chemical reaction engineering
How is a chemical engineer different from other engineers?
the study of
- chemical reaction rates
- reaction mechanisms
Reactor Design
the study of
- Mole Balance
- Stoichiometry
- Fluid flow
- Heat & Mass Transfer
- Catalyst
A
AA
AA
AA
Ck
Ckr
kCr
kCr
2
1
2
1
A
A
N
NA
A
Vr
dNt
0
Seoul National University
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Industrial Reactors
Seoul National University
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Batch Reactor Stirring Apparatus
HANDHOLES
Conventional jacket
回分式反応器
Seoul National University
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Cutaway View of CSTR
Helix Impeller
Marine Type Propeller
pitched blade turbine
flat blade radial turbine
Gas EntrainmentImpeller
Spiral Agitator
Anchor Stirrer
Turbine Type Impeller
http://www.jeiopi.co.kr/english/prd/impeller.htm
Hydrofoil
攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpg
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CSTR/batch Reactor攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Type of Jacket
Dimpled Jacket
Half pipe jacket
Baffles
Inner coil type
Heat exchange
impeller
Conventional jacket
www.centralfabricators.com/hpipej.htm
攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Stirred Tank Reactor攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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polymerization reactor攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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High Pressure Tubular Reactor for LDPE (Low Density PolyEthylene) plant
ExxonMobil's tubular process technology
for Sasol's new high-pressure low density
polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Sasolburg,
South Africa. The new 220,000 ton-per-
year plant is expected to be completed in
2005.
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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The Shinko Pantec Plant, Capacity: 1100 kg/h
Tubular Reactor for SCWO管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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The default configuration catalytically reacts ethylene (reactant A) with benzene (reactant B),
an exothermic reaction, to produce ethylbenzene (product C), an intermediate chemical used in
the manufacture of styrene monomer. (http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200a.htm)
a bank of catalyst packed tubes
(Zeolite)
Ethylene
Ethylbenzene
Benzene
430oC, 20bar
400oC, 20bar
177oC 510oC
Tubular Reactor for production of ethylbenzene管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htmhttp://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htm
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Static Mixer in Tubular Reactor管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.koflo.com/http://www.koflo.com/http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpg
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Reactor System Used at Amoco
Industrial Reactor Photos
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Spherical Reactor at AMOCO Spherical Reactors Connected in Series
“Ultraformer Reactor”-Reforming Petroleum Naphtha固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Hydrotreating UnitCatalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation
process used to remove about 90% of
contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur,
oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum
fractions. These contaminants, if not
removed from the petroleum fractions as
they travel through the refinery processing
units, can have detrimental effects on the
equipment, the catalysts, and the quality of
the finished product. Typically, hydrotreating
is done prior to processes such as catalytic
reforming so that the catalyst is not
contaminated by untreated feedstock.
Hydrotreating is also used prior to catalytic
cracking to reduce sulfur and improve
product yields, and to upgrade middle-
distillate petroleum fractions into finished
kerosene, diesel fuel, and heating fuel oils. In
addition, hydrotreating converts olefins and
aromatics to saturated compounds.
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Packed Bed ReactorFisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Gas inlet(50% conversion)
Tube bundle(2050 tubes)
5cm ID X 12 m H
Catalyst
K2O/SiO2 on FeBET=200m2/g
Steam injector
Product= Light hydrocarbon+ wax (candle &
printing inks)
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Straight Though Transport Reactor
Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Reactor3.5 m ID x 38 m H
Riser(Straight-Through Transport Reactor)
(Circulating Fluidized Bed)
Settlinghopper
Standpipe
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Straight Though Transport Reactorwaxes and distillate fuels
http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hnov02/it60.pdf
catalyst
Catalyst6-9.5 ton/sec
Feed300,000 m3/hr @STP58% H232% CO
9% CH41% CO2
Tail Gas (T)
38% H235% CH412% CO211% C2-C5
7% CO
Volume=365 m3
3.5m ID X 38m H
Synoil
150 tonCatalyst
P=25atmT=350oC
Recycle (R)
R/T=2
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Sasol Advanced Synthol (SAS) Reactorlight olefins and gasoline fractions
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unitin the petroleum refining industry
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpg
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Stone & Webster’s plant
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Reactor 流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Slurry Phase Distillate Reactor氣泡塔型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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www.fe.doe.gov/programs/.../tl_liqphase_schematic.html
Bubble Column ReactorFor Fischer-Tropsch Reaction
氣泡塔型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor
www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0512E/T0512e0a.htm
GTL reactor for Sasol
coal-gasified gas into synthetic oil
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Residual Oil Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking reactor
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Dimersol G unit (Two –CSTR and one PFR in series)
Dimerization propylene into isohexanes
Institute Français du Petrόle Process
http://www.ifp.fr/
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htmhttp://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htm
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The finishing reactor (“the snake”) to comply with LPG specification in the USA (less than 5% olefins)
Plug-flow reactor for Dimersol™ process
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Automotive Catalytic Converter
2NO → N2 + O2
2NO2 → N2 + 2O2
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpghttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpg
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Microreactor made of silicon
anodically bonded with glassLab-on-Chip made of glass and polymer
for DNA amplification and detection
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK
Microreactor and Lab-on-Chip
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Microreactor for DNA analysis
)50050( mwXh
liternano50
C 1.0
/10 gnano
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
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Oxidation Reactor in Semiconductor Processing
Seoul National University
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Diamond film is synthesized through CVD
(Chemical Vapor Deposition)
CVD Diamond coated tools
SEM of Diamond Films on
Si-wafer substrate
1 to 2 micron/hour
Seoul National University
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Metallization
Integrated Circuit Wafer
and Packaged Device
bis-hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate-CuII
(CF3COCHCF3CO)2Cu
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810
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Chemical Reactions in Microelectronics Processing
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Plasma Etching
Electrochemical Deposition
Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Seoul National University
http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/
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Metal Deposition in Microelectronics Processing
silicon-diffusion furnace
Metal Deposition Reactor
Oxidation reactor
Seoul National University
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Ozone Depletion Reaction in Stratosphere
Paul Crutzen
(Seoul National University)
F. Sherwood Rowland
(U. C. Irvine)
Mario Molina
(MIT)
Seoul National University
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Bio reactors
Vaccines From The Bioreactor
photo-bioreactor
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Metallurgy: Blast Furnace
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Water Treatment Systems
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工業反應裝置分類
1. 固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)2. 移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)3. 流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized bed)4. 攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)5. 氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)6. 管型 反應裝置 (Tubular)7. 火炎型 反應裝置 (Flammed)8. 氣流型 反應裝置 (Pneumatic conveying)9. 段塔型 反應裝置 (Multi-staged)10. 回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)
Seoul National University
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固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)
Gas (Liq)
Gas (Liq)
(a) Fixed bed (1) (b) Fixed bed (2: Countercurrent)
Gas
Gas
Liq
Liq
Gas inlet
Gas outlet
(c) Radial flow type
Gas flow
Catalyst bed
(d) Parallel flow type (e) Thin bed catalysis reactor (Ammonia Oxidation)
Outlet gas
Catalyst
bed Metal
mesh
Nitric Oxide
Ammonia +
Air
Pt/Rh gauze
Pd/Au screen
Porous bed
Support screen
2 cm
Seoul National University
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移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)
Gas
Gas
GasGas
Gas Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
solid
solid
solid
solid
solid
solid solid
solid
solid
Solid
Catalyst
(b) Countercurrent
(gas-solid rxn)
(c) Cross flow
Gas
(a) Countercurrent
(gas-solid cat. rxn)
(d) Moving grid
(e) Rotary kiln (rotated) (f) Multistaged
Seoul National University
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流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized bed)Gas
Gas
GasGas
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
ParticleSolid
Particle
Liquid
Liquid
Gas
Flow
(b) Fluidized bed
(gas-solid rxn)
(c) 3 Fluidized bed
(a) Fluidized bed
(gas-solid cat.)
(d) High flow fluidized bed (e) Spray flow bed
Seoul National University
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攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)
Gas
Steam
LiquidGas
Liquid
Reactant inlet
Reactant inlet
Reactant inlet
Products
Products
Products outlet
Baffles
Impeller
Impeller
Jacket
Steam Heat
Transfer
Coil
(a) CSTR (Jacket)
(d) Series CSTRs
(a) CSTR (Coiled) (c) CSTR (G-L)
(e) Multi-Staged CSTRs
Seoul National University
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氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)
Gas
Liquid
Gas
Gas
GasGas
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid Liquid
Liquid
Ring
Sparger
Heat
Transfer
Tubes
Single hole nozzle
Multi hole plate
Multi hole
Gas distributor
(a) Ring sparger type (b) Single nozzle
gas distribution
(c) Multi hole
gas distribution
Seoul National University
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管型反應裝置 (Tubular)
Reactant inletProducts outlet
HT media
Reactant inlet
Products outlet
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
HT Media
HT Media
tubular
reactor
tubular
reactor
Jacket
burner
quenching quenching
burner
preheating
Boiler for
Steam generationnaphtha naphtha
Cooling
water
Liquid
Jacket
(a) Single tube type
(b) Multi tube type (c) Burner heated type (d) Wetted wall type (e) Spray tower
Seoul National University
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段塔型反應裝置 (Multi-staged)
GasLiquid
回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)
Gas Liquid
Vessel
Rotating
Disc
Axis
Liquid
LevelWater
Seoul National University
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Reactor Types with different phases
G L SC GS GL GLS LL LG SS
Fixed bed
Moving bed
Fluidized bed
Stirred tank
Bubble cap
Tubular
Pneumatic
1 2
PhaseReactor
G=Gas, L= Liquid, SC=Solid catalyst, GS=Gas-Solid, GL=Gas-Liquid, GLS=Gas-
Liquid-Solid, LL=Liquid-Liquid, LG=Liquid-Gas, LS=Liquid-Solid, SS=Solid-Solid
3
4
5 6
7 8 9 10 11
12
13
14
Seoul National University
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Sel
ecti
on
of
Rea
cto
r T
yp
e1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of SyngasSeoul National University
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Seoul National UniversityProduction of Steel in Furnace
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of Syngas
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Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of Syngas
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Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of Syngas
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1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of Ethylene by Cracking of Naphtha
14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
유동층 촉매반응기는 분자량이 큰 원유 등을 원통의반응기에서 미분발의 Zeolite Y 촉매를 유동화시켜작은 분자로 변화시키는 반응기로서 촉매를 재생하는 반응기와 결합하여 사용한다.이 때 zeolite촉매는 고체이고 원료는 기체로서 공급되고 생성물은 기체로 배출된다.
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Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of Syngas
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1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fluidized Coal Combustion
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of LDPE
14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
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Seoul National University
HW #0 : 산업에서 사용되는 화학반응기에 대한 예를 조사하고 어떤 반응기를 사용하고 어떤 상태로 운전되는 지 아래 처럼 정리하여 제출하여라 (ppt 1쪽). due : one week