CHAPTER
The Health CareThe Health Care
WorkforceWorkforce
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Stephen N. Collier, PhD
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 22
Changes in Health Care Changes in Health Care WorkforceWorkforce
Aging and becoming more diverseBaby boomers retiringShortagesGrowth in health care workforceIncrease in medical assistants
Additional information:http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 33
Economy and Health CareEconomy and Health Care
Primary job growth area for U.S. economy13/30 fastest-growing occupationsStates aware of importance of a health care workforceCannot be moved offshoreMultiplier effect on local economy
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 44
Health Care WorkforceHealth Care Workforce
Cyclical supply and demandImbalance causes problemsCurrent shortage may not be cyclicalEmployers want an oversupplyEducators want excess applicants
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 55
Physician WorkforcePhysician Workforce
ShortageAMA 30% increase in enrollment by 2015Demand growing as population agesAllopathic increasing number of gradsOsteopathic opening more schools
Picture source: http://kesehatan.kompasiana.com/medis/2010/08/10/medical-doctorthe-dangerous-profession/
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 66
Nursing WorkforceNursing Workforce
Long-term shortageRNs have an increasing average ageRetirement will increase shortageInternational nurses filling gapsLimited ability of U.S. educational system
Additional information:http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/rnsurvey/2008/
Picture source: http://www.edupics.com/image-nurse-i10369.html
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 77
Workforce EducationWorkforce Education
Educational system slow to respond to workforce changes
Accreditation
Reimbursement changes cause changes in workforce demand
Demand for therapists after BBA of 1997
Large gap between demand and capacity of programs for most health professionsPicture source: http://www.who.int/topics/education_medical/en/
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 88
Workforce RegulationWorkforce Regulation
Voluntary, self-imposed, governmentalMostly governmental at state levelTo provide protection to the publicLicensureCertificationAccreditation
Pict
ure
sour
ce: h
ttp://
fam
ilynu
rsep
ract
itione
rsal
ary.
com
/
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 99
Workforce GenderWorkforce Gender
Majority are womenShift
Additional information: http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/gender/en/index.html
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 1010
Workforce TrainingWorkforce Training
BimodalMore at lower and higher levelsProfessions increasing educational level
Occupational and physical therapyBachelor’s to doctoral“Degree creep”
Increasing centralization of functions
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 1111
Workforce TrainingWorkforce Training
“Degree Creep”Increasing degree levelsExpanding knowledgeAdvanced technologyAdditional expense for studentsStaffing more expensive
Additional information:http://www.hrsa.gov/about/pdf/bhpr.pdf
Picture source: http://www.prevention.com/health/health/healthy-living/use-your-nurse-practitioner/article/20c9ac2175d69110VgnVCM10000013281eac____
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 1212
Frontline WorkforceFrontline Workforce
Patient contactBachelor’s or lower
<$40,000 annually
Mostly womenHigh stress, low wageHigh turnover
Pict
ure
sour
ce: h
ttp://
www.
them
edica
lgur
u.co
m
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 1313
Workforce ShortagesWorkforce Shortages
Reasons for shortages:Education sectorEmployment characteristics Work settingProfessional organizationsCredentialing mechanismsPayer policies
Additional information:http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/about/default.htm
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. 1414
Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources
World Health Organization – Health Workforcehttp://www.who.int/hrh/resources/en/index.html
Global Health Workforce Alliancehttp://www.who.int/workforcealliance/about/en/
World Health Organization - Human Resources for Health online journalhttp://www.human-resources-health.com/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Serviceshttp://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/http://datawarehouse.hrsa.gov/hpsadetail.aspx#anchorhttp://arf.hrsa.gov/
Public Health Service Act - Title 42 "The Public Health and Welfare", Chapter 6A "Public Health Service“http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode42/usc_sup_01_42_10_6A.html