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Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Section 1: Cellular Growth
Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation
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9.1 Cellular Growth
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
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Cellular Reproduction
As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area.
The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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Transport of Substances
Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins.
Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient.
Cellular Reproduction
Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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Cellular Communications
The need for signaling ______to move throughout the cell also limits cell _____.
Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions.
Cellular ReproductionChapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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The Cell Cycle
___ ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large.
It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries.
Cellular Reproduction
Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the ___ _______.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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__________ is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates.
_________ is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
Cellular ReproductionChapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
___________ is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
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Cellular Reproduction
The Stages of Interphase
The first stage of ____________, G1
The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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Cellular Reproduction
The Second Stage of Interphase, S
The cell copies its _____in preparation for cell division.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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Cellular Reproduction
The Third Stage of Interphase, G2
The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
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How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?
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The process of asexual reproduction begins
after a sperm fertilizes an egg.
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Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun.
Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.
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Animated Mitosis Cyclehttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
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• Chromosomes are ___________(# doubles)• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils
(____________) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
CELL MEMBRANENucleus
Cytoplasm
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)• ___________(or poles) appear and begin to
move to opposite end of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles.
CentriolesSister chromatids
Spindle fibers
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
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• ____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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• ______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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• Two new ________ form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin
(threads rather than rods).• Mitosis ends.
NucleiNuclei
Chromatin
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Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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• Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical ________________.
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Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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- Cell Division
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http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
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9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
Normal Cell Cycle
Different __________ combinations _______ other activities, including DNA ___________, protein _____________, and nuclear ___________ throughout the ______ ______________.
Chapter 9
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Cellular Reproduction
_____________ __________ Checkpoints
The cell _________________ has built-in ___________ that _____________ the cycle and can __________ it if something goes __________.
______________ checkpoints also have been identified in ____________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cellular Reproduction
______________ Cell Cycle: ___________
__________ is the __________ growth and _______ of cells.
Cancer cells can ___ an __________ by ________ out _____cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue
_________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cellular Reproduction
___________ of Cancer
The __________ that occur in the ___________ of cell ________ and _________ of cancer cells are due to ___________.
Various _____________ factors can ________ the occurrence of ________ cells.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Causes of Cancer
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
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Cellular Reproduction
Apoptosis
_______________ cell __________
__________ going through apoptosis actually _________ and _________ in a ____________ process.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cellular Reproduction
Stem Cells
____________ cells that can _______ into __________ cells when _____ the right ____________
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cellular Reproduction
Embryonic Stem Cells
After ___________, the resulting ______ of cells _________ repeatedly until there are about _____-____ cells. These cells have ________ become _____________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
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Cellular Reproduction
Adult Stem Cells
Found in _________ tissues in the body and __________ be used to _________ and ___________ the ________ kind of tissue_________ controversial because the adult stem cells can be ____________ with the ___________ of their donor
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction