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Chapter 9
Career Planning
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9-1 Career Opportunities
THE CAREER PLANNING PROCESS Occupation- task or series of tasks that is
performed to provide a good or service Career- goal for work that is fulfilled
through an occupation Your current career goal is to complete
your schooling and get ready for the future.
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Career planning- process of studying careers, assessing yourself in terms of careers, and making decisions about a future career
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The Career Planning Process
Personal Assessment Determine interests and values Identify talents and abilities
Employment market analysis Geographic influences Business and economic trends
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The Career Planning Process
Application process application form resume and cover letter
Interview process Prepare for interview Follow-up activities
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The Career Planning Process
Employment acceptance Salary and financial factors Organizational environment
Career development and advancement
Practice career success behaviors Develop strong work relationships
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Your Study of Careers
Too often, a career choice is not made until full-time work begins
This is too late, especially if training and education are required
It is important to view learning about careers as a life-long activity
Tentative career decision- subject to change as new information is received
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Career Training
Many careers required education and training beyond high school including:
Two-year schools- community or junior colleges
Four-year colleges and universities- public and private
Private business schools- court reporter, computer tech, medical assistant, etc.
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Consider the cost of further schooling as an investment in your future.
This schooling will help you earn a higher wage.
Many ways exist to help finance your education.
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Many financial aid programs are provided by schools including:
Scholarships Student loans Work-study programs Some financial aid programs are
based on your academic record. Others are based on financial need.
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Checkpoint>>
Why is it important to follow each of the six steps in the Career Planning Process?
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Print and Media Sources
Occupational Outlook Handbook- information on hundreds of occupations including
Job duties Working conditions Education and training requirements Advancement opportunities Employment outlook Earnings
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Career World- includes careers of the future
Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance- basic information about many occupations
Newspaper Help Wanted Ads- an idea of jobs in demand and what skills and training are needed
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Online Sources
Web sites are available to help with career planning.
A search may be performed to gather information about: resumes, effective interviewing, creating a career portfolio
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Informational Interview
Informational interview- planned discussion with a worker willing to help you learn about their work, the preparation needed for the career, and the person’s feelings about their career
Help you gain insight into what really happens in a career
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Questions to ask during an informational interview include:
How did you get your current job? In what ways do you find your work most
satisfying? What are your main frustrations?
What tasks and activities are required in your work?
What are the most important qualifications for working in this field?
What advice do you give a young person who is thinking about this type of work?
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Job shadow- spending time with a worker for a day or week to learn about their occupation
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Business Contacts
Networking- talking to other people about their jobs
Advantages of networking: Contacts not limited to people you know
personally Every person you meet is a potential
contact for career information The contacts in your network when you
start work as well as later in life
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Checkpoint>>
What are the main sources of career information?
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In-Class Activity>>
Review Figure 9-2 on page 205 of your textbook then answer the following questions.
Which of the career areas shown interest you? Do you think you should limit your career exploration to these areas? Why or why not?
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GROWTH CAREER AREAS
Geographic Influences Mobility- willingness and ability to
move where jobs are located Locational unemployment- jobs are
available in one place but go unfilled because qualified persons live elsewhere and are unwilling to move
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Economic and Industry Trends
Careers with the most potential are influenced by economic trends.
Consumer demand Changing demographic trends New technology
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Checkpoint>>
What factors affect the career areas that will be in demand in the future?
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9-1 ASSESSMENT
Complete questions #1-3 from page 5 of your packet.
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9-2
PERSONAL ASSESSMENT Your career planning activities
should start with a self assessment of your interests, values, & abilities.
These three areas will help you better you better understand the careers are best for you.
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Interests Provide a basis for your employment
goals and possible career paths. People with strong social tendencies
bay be best suited for work interacting with people.
If you enjoy investigating, a career in research should be considered.
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Values Values- things important to you You can begin to look at your values
by answering some questions: Is it important for me to earn a lot of
money? Am I mainly interested in work that
provides a service for others?
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Is it important for me to have occupation that others think is important even if I don’t really care for it?
Do I want an occupation that is very challenging and may require additional schooling?
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Would I be willing to start in a job that pays a lower salary than another job if that job was more challenging and offered better opportunities for future advancement?
Do I consider investing money in education or training as important as spending for other things?
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Talents and Abilities Talents- a natural, inborn aptitude
to do certain things Ability- being able to perform a
mental or physical task
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You can learn about your abilities by: Evaluating the grades you got in the
classes you have taken Which classes were easiest Which classes have been the most
difficult If you are weak in a certain area, take
classes that will improve that area.
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If you are weak in a certain area, take classes that will improve that area.
Work to strengthen your weak areas before you go to full-time work
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Checkpoint>> What is the difference between
an interest and a talent?
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EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
Work-Study Programs Cooperative education combines
school with work-related experience. These programs provide an occasion
to develop a variety of on-the-job skills.
You will also learn to interact in work settings.
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Internships- work experience in organizations while learning about a career
Common internships include: accounting, finance, and marketing
Applying for an internship is similar to applying for a job.
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Part-Time Employment Summer and part-time work can
provide valuable experience. Work experience will allow you the
chance to see if you enjoy a particular career field.
Part-time work helps you make contacts.
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Volunteer Activities Community service can help you in
gaining career experience and improving work habits.
Helps with organizational skills making career contacts
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School Activities Class assignments can provide
work-related experiences. Example: Research and
communication skills are developed when you prepare reports or oral presentations.
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Working on team projects offers you a chance to interact with others which is a vital skill
School clubs and organizations can result in a range of valuable skills:
goal setting planning supervising delegating responsibility
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Checkpoint>> Of the listed methods for
obtaining employment experience (work-study, part-time, volunteer, school), which one do you feel is the most beneficial for career planning and why?
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SOURCES OF AVAILABLE JOBS
The Media Newspaper Want Ads are a common
starting point in a job search Many newspapers post employment
ads on their Web sites Some newspapers have partnered
with career Web sites with searchable databases of current positions
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Personal Contacts Let as many people as possible
know that you are looking for a job. School counselors can be very
helpful. Relatives, friends, neighbors will be
good sources for job leads.
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Business Contacts You should visit a business and ask
about their openings. Some businesses post help wanted
signs in their windows. Some retail businesses including
restaurants accept applications continuously.
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Employment kiosk- apply online for a job
Located in large stores You can also use: phone books,
business directories, and Web sites to locate business contact information
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Career Fairs Often held at schools or community
centers Allow you to contact several
potential employers in a short period of time
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Government Employment Offices
Local and state government employment offices give information about available jobs.
Supported by tax money Employment offices can provide up-
to-date information about the job market
They can help you look for full-time and part-time work
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Checkpoint>> What are the main sources of
information about available jobs?
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Please complete the Assessment Questions at the end of the packet.
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9-3 Applying for Employment
APPLICATION ACTIVITIES The application process may start in
many ways Fill out application you received
from the employer Complete an online application form Submit a resume and cover letter
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Personal Data Sheet The application process begins by
preparing a personal data sheet- summary of your important job related information
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It should list your Education Work experience References Having a complete data sheet will
ensure you have all necessary information to fill out an application.
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Application Form Application form- asks for
information related to employment Gives the employer standard
information for each job applicant
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The form will likely ask you for your: Name Address Social security number Education Work experience The job you’re applying for References
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Filling out the application form should be viewed as your first job task.
Follow directions carefully Print answers neatly Answer all questions completely See page 216, Figure 9-3 for an
example.
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Resume Resume- tool that provides
information about you to a potential employer
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A resume usually includes the following sections:
Personal information- name, address, phone, email
Career objective- personal employment goal
Education- schools attended, dates, degrees, programs of study
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Experience- work and volunteer with dates and responsibilities
Career-related honors and other activities- awards, school and community involvement
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Be sure your resume is presented in a professional manner
Clean Organized No errors Fits on one page Be honest about qualifications
Use action words that demonstrate what you have achieved
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Career Portfolio Career portfolio- tangible evidence of your
abilities and skills A career portfolio may include the
following items: Resume, cover letter, and answers to
sample interview questions Sample reports, presentation materials,
and research findings from school projects
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Sample reports, presentation materials, and research findings from school projects
Web site designs, creative works from school activities or previous employment such as ads, packages, and promotions
News articles of community activities or other experiences in which you have participated
Letters of recommendation
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Checkpoint>> Of the five sections of a resume,
which one do you feel is the most important in getting a job? Why?
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APPLICATION COVER LETTER Cover letter- expresses your
interest in a specific job Think of it as a sales letter for the
purpose of obtaining an interview.
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Should: draw attention and interest build desire to meet you urge the reader to invite you for an
interview A cover letter usually includes three
main sections: introduction, development, and conclusion
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Introduction
Get the reader’s attention Indicate the reason for writing
Refer to the job or type of employment you’re interested in
Give a summary of your experience Mention the name of the person
who referred you to this organization
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Development
Highlight background and experience that specially qualify you for the job
Refer the employer to your resume for details
Summarize information about your experiences and training
Connect your skills and background to specific organizational needs
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Conclusion
Designed to request action Ask for the opportunity to
interview Include contact information, phone
numbers, times you’re available, and email
Close the letter with how you can benefit their organization
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Targeted Letter Targeted application letter- quick
summary of ability to meet the needs of an organization
Sent instead of standard resume and cover letter
Includes a list of major skills
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Checkpoint>> What is the purpose of a cover
letter?
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ONLINE APPLICATION PROCESS Online Applications In addition to the basic application,
you may be asked some preliminary questions to determine your suitability to the available position.
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When posting your resume online or sending it by email:
Use a simple formatAvoid bold, underline, italics, and
tabs Do not use attached files that
may be difficult to open
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Cyber Interviewing Many organizations hold screening
interviews using video conferencing. Others require applicants to post
preliminary interview responses online.
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Sample e-interview questions include:
Would you rather have structure or flexibility?
What approach do you use to solve difficult problems?
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Checkpoint>> How is the Internet used in the
job application process?
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Please complete the assessment questions at the end of the packet.
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9-4 Securing a Job THE INTERVIEW PROCESS Employment interview- two-way
conversation in which the interviewer learns about you and you learn about the job and company
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Before you Interview Prepare for an interview by
obtaining more information about the potential employer and the job for which you are applying. Questions you might ask during an interview include:
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What training opportunities are available to employees?
What qualities do your most successful employees possess?
What new opportunities are your company considering in the next few years?
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Successful interviewing requires practice.
Record yourself so you will answer questions smoothly and completely.
Prepare concise answers for specific questions you may be asked.
Ask friends to help you practice your interview skills.
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Make a good first impression. Arrive on time. Dress appropriately. Go alone to the interview even if
someone else is providing your transportation.
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During the Interview The person who interviews you
wants to find out things about your: Appearance Manners Use of language General ability for the job
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Behavioral interviewing- include situations or questions to see how you react under pressure
Avoid talking too much, but answer each question completely using good eye contact.
Thank the interviewer for the opportunity to discuss the job and your qualifications.
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Some employers use pre-employment tests to screen applicants.
Pre-employment test- include assessments for keyboarding, word processing, calculating
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After the Interview Within a day or two, send a follow
up letter- expresses appreciation for the opportunity to interview
Even if you don’t get the job this letter will make a positive impression for future consideration
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Evaluate your interview performance.
Try to remember questions you were not expecting or not prepared to answer.
Write notes in areas where you need improvement.
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Be patient after the interview. It may take several weeks for the
company to make a selection.
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Checkpoint>> What actions should be taken
when preparing for an employment interview?
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JOB OFFERS
Salary and Financial Factors The type of work and experience will
determine your rate of pay. Common employee benefits include:
insurance, vacation time, retirement programs
Additional employee benefits include: free parking, on-site fitness centers, and discount gym memberships
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Ask what benefits and services will be available to you and how much you will be asked to pay.
Part-time and seasonal employees may or may not be offered benefits
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Organizational Environment While the financial elements of a job
are very important, also consider the working environment.
Leadership style Dress code Physical workspace Social atmosphere
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Advancement potential training programs should be assessed.
Some companies pride in promoting from within and provide career and personal growth opportunities
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Checkpoint>> What factors should a person
consider when accepting a job?
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ON THE JOB BEHAVIOR
Job Success Strategies As you prepare for your first day of
work, remember the following: Ask questions If you do not understand directions,
have them repeated and listen carefully. You will probably make mistakes. Be
sure to learn from each mistake and avoid repeating it.
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Avoid complaining If you seem to have more work than
you can handle, talk to your supervisor.
Honor the time for breaks Don’t abuse rest periods and lunch
breaks by extending the time limit.
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Consider your appearance Dress neatly and be well groomed Be on time Arriving late or leaving early is poor
practice.
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Be friendly with everyone Respect your co-workers and
learn to get along. Show you are dependable Do quality work that is
completed on time.Sloppy work or work turned in late
affects others.
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Follow the rules If a rule seems unfair or
unreasonable, discuss it with others and find out why it was created.
Mentor- experienced employee who serves as counselor to a person with less experience
Offer advice related to work assignments and career guidance
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Leaving a Job When the time comes to leave a
job, it is important to depart on good terms.
Give at least a two week noticeWrite a letter of resignation
Include the last day you will be working
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Try to finish all of your current projects. If incomplete, leave a note explaining
to the next person where to begin. If there is an exit interview-
employer asks questions about your work, be constructive and cooperative
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Let co-workers know that you appreciated the opportunity to work with them.
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Checkpoint>> How does a mentor assist less
experienced employees?
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Please complete the Assessment questions at the end of the packet.