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Chapter 8 Section 3Italy & Germany Unite
Nationalism’s effect on EuropeCavour Unites ItalyBismarck Unites Germany
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Nationalism’s effect on Europe
Nationalism: people should be loyal to their nation; or to the
people they share common culture with
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Nationalism’s effect on EuropeEffects on Europe:
Break up of Austrian Empire– Nationalism deputes cause tension– A loss in the Austro-Prussian war– Hungarians want a separate nation– 2 nations, 1 Emperor
Russia’s Empire Crumbles– More than 12 different ethnic groups rule by the Czars– Russification: forcing Russian culture on the people of
the empire– This policy strengthened ethnic feelings– Czar will give up his power in 1917
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Nationalism’s effect on EuropeThe Ottoman Empire Weakens
– Tensions among the 6 ethnic groups cause problems for the empire
– 1856: equal citizenship increases anti-ethnic feelings among the Turks
– Massacre and deportation of Armenians from 1894 to 1896
– The Ottoman Empire breaks apart after WWI
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Cavour Unites ItalyPiedmont-Sardinia was the largest &
most powerful Italian kingdom– Liberal constitution – King Victor Emmanuel II – Count Camillio di Cavour appointed PM– Gains control of northern Italy with help from France– Giuseppe Garibaldi “The Red Shirt”
• Takes Sicily• Gains control of southern Italy • Agrees to unite the north & south under control of
Victor Emmanuel II
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Camillo di Cavour King
Victor Emmanuel II
Giuseppe Garibaldi
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United Italy, 1861
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Unification of GermanyPrussia was the most powerful kingdom
in Germany– Strong nationalist feelings helped unify the people in
Prussia– Very powerful army– Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismarck as PM
• A powerful Junker: a wealthy, conservative landowner– Bismarck was a master of realpolitik: tough power
politics, with no room for idealism– Bismarck uses war to increase national pride
• Defeats Denmark, gains Schleswig• Defeats Austria, gains Holstein & gave Venetia to Italy
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Unification of Germany con’tBismarck created incidents with France
– He forces France into a war
The Franco-Prussian War– The Prussian army swept into France & took 83,000 POWs– German nationalism was now at its highest
Wilhelm I was crown Kaiser Wilhelm I emperor of Germany
Otto von Bismarck
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German Empire, 1871