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Chapter 7
Global Stratification
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Systems of Social Stratification -
Slavery
• Causes
• Conditions
– Temporary
– Not Necessarily: Inheritable, Powerless, Poor
• Bonded Labor in the New World
• Slavery in the New World
• Slavery Today
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Systems of Social Stratification -
Caste
• Birth determines status, which is lifelong
• India’s Religious Castes
• U.S. Racial Caste System
– From the moment of birth, race marked
everyone for life
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Systems of Social Stratification -
Class
• Class System
• Based on Money and Material
Possessions
• Relatively Fluid
• Social Mobility
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Systems of Social Stratification -
Other
• Global Stratification and the Status of
Women
– Gender is a basis for social stratification
• The Global Superclass
– Growing interconnections among the world’s
wealthiest people produce a global superclass
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The Distribution of the Earth’s Wealth
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Determinants of Social Class
• Karl Marx:
– The Means of Production
– Bourgeoisie
– Proletariat
– Class Consciousness
– False class consciousness
• Max Weber: Property, Power, & Prestige
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Weber’s Three
Components of Social
Class
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Why is Social Stratification
Universal? Functionalist View
• Davis and Moore’s Explanation
– Society Must Make Sure Positions are Filled
– Some Positions More Important than Others
– Important Positions Be Filled with Those
Qualified
– To Motivate Qualified People, They Must Be
Rewarded
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Why is Social Stratification
Universal? Functionalist View
• Tumin’s Critique of Davis and Moore
– How do We Know Positions Most Important?
– Stratification Should = Meritocracy
– It Ought to Benefit Everyone
• The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict
and Scarce Resources
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Why is Social Stratification
Universal? Functionalist View
– Mosca’s Argument
– Marx’s Argument
– Current Applications of Conflict Theory
• Lenski’s Synthesis
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How Do Elites Maintain
Stratification?
• Soft Control Versus Force
– Controlling People’s Ideas
– Controlling Information
– Stifling Criticism
– Big Brother Technology
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Comparative Social Stratification
• Social Stratification in Great Britain
– Compared with Americans, the British are
very class conscious
• Social Stratification in the Former Soviet
Union
– Moscow reestablishes its authority; Mafia ties
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Global Stratification: Three Worlds
• The Most Industrialized Nations
• The Industrializing Nations
• The Least Industrialized Nations
• Modifying the Model
– Oil-rich nations of the Middle East
– Kuwait is an excellent example
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Global
Stratification:
Income of the
World’s
Nations
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Global
Stratification:
Income of
the World’s
Nations
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How Did World’s Nations Become
Stratified?
• Colonialism
• World System Theory
– The globalization of capitalism
• Culture of Poverty
• Evaluating the Theories
– Most sociologists prefer colonialism and world
system theory
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Maintaining Global Stratification
• Neocolonialism
– Relevance Today
• Multinational Corporations
– Buying Political Stability
– Unanticipated Consequences
• Technology and Global Domination
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Strains in the Global System
• It is never easy to maintain global
stratification
• Stream of Unanticipated Events
• Contradictions Rear Up
• Cracks in Global Banking
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