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Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie Thomsen
Chapter 6Atmospheric and
Oceanic Circulations
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Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations
Wind Essentials
Driving Forces within the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion
Oceanic Currents
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Wind EssentialsAir Pressure and Its Measurement
Mercury barometer
Aneroid barometer
Wind: Description and Measurement Wind
Anemometer
Wind vane
Global Winds
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Barometers
Figure 6.2
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Air Pressure Readings
Figure 6.3
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Wind Vane and Anemometer
Figure 6.4
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Wind Portrait of the Pacific Ocean
Figure 6.6
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Driving Forces within the Atmosphere
Gravity
Pressure Gradient Force
Coriolis Force
Friction Force
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Pressure Gradient
Figure 6.7
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Pressure + Coriolis + Friction
Figure 6.8
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Coriolis Force
Figure 6.9
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Atmospheric Patterns of Motion Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Upper Atmospheric Circulation
Local Winds
Monsoonal Winds
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Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 6.10
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Global Barometric Pressure
Figure 6.10
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Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Equatorial low-pressure trough
Polar high-pressure cells
Subtropical high-pressure cells
Subpolar low-pressure cells
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Equatorial Low-Pressure TroughIntertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
Trade winds
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June–July ITCZ
Figure 6.11
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Polar High-Pressure CellsPolar easterlies
Antarctic high
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Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Westerlies
Bermuda high
Azores high
Pacific high
Figure 6.13
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Subpolar Low-Pressure CellsAleutian low
Icelandic low
Polar front
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General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 6.12
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General Atmospheric Circulation
Figure 6.12
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Constant Isobaric Surface
Figure 6.15
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Upper Atmospheric CirculationRossby waves
Jet stream
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Rossby Waves
Figure 6.16
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Jet Streams
Figure 6.17
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Local WindsLand-sea breezes
Mountain-valley breezes
Katabatic winds
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Land-Sea Breezes
Figure 6.18
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Mountain-Valley Breezes
Figure 6.19
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Monsoonal Winds
Figure 6.20
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Oceanic CurrentsSurface Currents
Deep Currents
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Major Ocean Currents
Figure 6.21
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Deep-Ocean Thermohaline Circulation
Figure 6.22
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Robert W. ChristophersonCharlie Thomsen
Geosystems 7eAn Introduction to Physical Geography
End of Chapter 6