Download - Chapter 5
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Chapter 5
Integumentary System
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Colored People by D.C. Talk
• Pardon me, your epidermis is showing, sirI couldn’t help but note your shade of melaninI tip my hat to the colorful arrangementCause I see the beauty in the tones of our skin
We’ve gotta come togetherAnd thank the maker of us all
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(chorus)We’re colored people, and we live in a tainted placeWe’re colored people, and they call us the human raceWe’ve got a history so full of mistakesAnd we are colored people who depend on a holy grace
[1, 1, 1, 1... 2, 2, 2, 2... 3, 3, 3, 3... 4, 4, 4, 4]
A piece of canvas is only the beginning forIt takes on character with every loving strokeThis thing of beauty is the passion of an artists heartBy gods design, we are a skin kaleidoscope
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British twins with different skin color
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We’ve gotta come together,Aren’t we all human after all?
(repeat chorus)
Ignorance has wronged some racesAnd vengeance is the lordsIf we aspire to share this spaceRepentance is the cure
[1, 1, 1, 1... 2, 2, 2, 2... 3, 3, 3, 3... 4, 4, 4, 4]
Well, just a day in the shoes of a color blind manShould make it easy for you to seeThat these diverse tones do more than cover our bonesAs a part of our anatomy
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(repeat chorus)
We’re colored people, and they call us the human race[oh, colored people]We’re colored people, and we all gotta share this space[yeah we’ve got to come together somehow]We’re colored people, and we live in a tainted world[red and yellow, black and white]We’re colored people, every man, woman, boy, and girl[colored people, colored people, colored people, colored people, yeah]
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Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Epidermal Cells
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Epidermal Cells• Keratinocytes
– Tightly packed; scale-like– Produced in the stratum basale– Work themselves upward to stratum corneum
(top layer) and then they die and fall off– Produce keratin (protein)
• Melanocytes– Spider shaped– Found in deepest layer (stratum basale)– Produce melanin (protein)
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Epidermal Cells (cont.)
• Langerhan’s cells– Produced in the bone marrow– Migrate to the stratum spinosum– Star-shaped
• Merkel cells– Spiky hemisphere shape– Touch receptors (light touch; discrimination of
shapes and textures)
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Cells of the Epidermis
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http://media.npr.org/blogs/bryantpark/jackpassion.jpg
http://agora.virtualmuseum.ca/media/EN/uploads/image/imagegbclawsx.jpg
http://www.anotherthink.com/my_graphics/desert-tortoise-shell.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Capreolus_capreolus_cloven_hoof.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Goat_with_spiral_horns.jpg
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/4/48/A_single_white_feather_closeup.jpg
The Diversity of Keratin
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Layers of the Epidermis
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Dermis• Function – bind body
together; tough hide• Protein fibers:
Collagen – most abundant protein fiber; provides strength and resilience to prevent jabs and scrapes from entering the dermis
Elastin – allows stretch and recoil
• Contains 7 structures– Blood vessels– Nerve endings– Hair follicles– Oil glands– Sweat glands– Lymphatic vessels– Meissner's
corpuscles (touch receptors -detect pressure, vibrations)
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2 Dermal LayersPapillary Layer
– Areolar Connective Tissue– Superficial, thin– Loosely woven mat of collagen and elastin
fibers; abundant blood vessels
- Dermal Ridges
• Add friction/increase grip strength• Combine with sweat to form fingerprints
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Dermal Papillae and Fingerprints
http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/forensics/04-fingerprints/skin.gif
http://www.joblo.com/newsimages1/wantedjohn.jpg
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Areolar Connective Tissue
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Dermis – 2nd Layer• Reticular Layer
–Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
–Deep and thick
–Thick collagen fibers interlocking to resist tension in many directions.
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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Hypodermis• Not a part of the skin• Location – deep to the dermis• Tissue type – adipose• Functions- store fat, anchors skin to
muscles, insulation, prevents heat loss• Extra hypodermis storage areas
– Males- belly (anterior abdomen-”beer belly”)– Females – thighs, breasts– Cellulite – fat pushes up on dermis causing
bumps (“cottage cheese”) on outside of skin
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Eccrine sweat glands
• Location - found everywhere but nipples and external genitalia– Most abundant: palms of hands, soles of
feet, forehead– Ducts terminate at skin pores– Function: Regulate body temperature
through evaporation (perspiration)– Sweat is 99% water; acidic (pH 4-6);
NaCl; urea
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Eccrine Gland
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Apocrine sweat glands
• Location – axilla and anogenital areas (armpits and groin)
• Duct opens into hair follicles
• Sweat contains lipids and proteins
• Sweat + bacteria = body odor
• Begin functioning at puberty
• Increased activity: pain, stress, sexual arousal
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Sebaceous Oil Glands• Location – everywhere except palms/soles
• Most abundant- face, neck, upper chest
• Secrete sebum (oil) into hair follicle
or occasionally a skin pore
• Holicrine glands – don’t secrete; burst
• Become more active – puberty
• Positive – keep skin/hair soft, lubricated
• Negative – inflammation (acne) and (boils)
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Sebaceous Oil Gland
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SKIN CANCER
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Skin Cancer
• Basal Cell Carcinoma– least malignant; most common – slow growth; shiny, dome-shaped– occur most on face
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma– Scaley, red, small, round– Rapid growth; can metastisize– Head, scalp, ears lower lip
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Melanoma
• Highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
• Mostly from moles
• A – asymmetric cancer of melanocytes
• B – border irregular
• C – color – contains several colors
• D – diameter larger than 6 mm
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BURNS
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Burns• Damage to the skin from intense heat,
electricity, radiation or chemicals
• First Degree: damage to epidermis only
• Second Degree: damage to epidermis and upper region of dermis; blisters
• Third Degree: full thickness burns
• Dehydration, shock; treated with I.V.
• Infection – main cause of death
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Epidermal wound healing
These notes will be covered on the National Geographic assignment.
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Deep wound healing
These notes will be covered in the National Geographic assignment.
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Skin-related Diagnostic Terms• Cyanotic – skin appears blue b/c of lack of
oxygen in blood; heart failure and severe respiratory disorders
• Hematomas – Bruise; blood clotted beneath skin
• Jaundice – yellowish cast; accumulation of bile in blood; indicative of liver disorders - In dark-skinned individuals, examine mucous membranes and nail beds.
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Vitiligo- Skin Pigmentation Disorder – loss of melanocytes and uneven dispersal of melanin
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Albinism – genetic disorder; melanocytes do not make
melanin
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BOTOX- removes frown lines, furrowed brows; the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum
inhibits muscles from contracting
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Functions of the Integumentary System
• Protection
– Chemical – acidic; slows down bacterial growth melanin shields UV rays
– Physical – continuous barrier; prevents water loss
– Biological – fights viruses and bacteria that have entered body through the skin
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Functions cont.• Body Temperature Regulation
–Perspiration (sweat) removes body heat – prevents overheating
• Cutaneous Sensation–Touch, pressure, pain
• Metabolic Functions–Produces vitamin D and proteins
(keratin, melanin, collagen, elastin)
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Functions cont.
• Blood reservoir
–Holds about 5% of body’s total blood volume
• Excretion
–Through sweat, rids body of nitrogen wastes: ammonia, urea, and uric acid