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CHAPTER 4
SECTI
ON 2
TH
E H
UM
AN
WO
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: G
L OB
AL C
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EQ: How does the spatial interaction of cultures affect human systems?
OBJ: I will discover the elements and spread of culture
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GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Elements of
Culture
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ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Culture is the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs
Language People use language to communicate information, experiences, and pass on cultural values/traditions Some people speak dialects Linguists organize the world’s languages into language families
Ex: English, Spanish, and Russian are a part of the Indo-European language family
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ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
ReligionReligious beliefs vary around the world and this often leads to conflictReligion is a source of identity and influences daily life
Moral values and religious festivals/holidaysReligious symbols and stories have shaped cultural expressions such
as paintings, architecture, and music
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ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Social GroupsFamily is usually the most important social groupSocial classes also are a part of culturesPeople are also grouped into ethnic groups
People who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements are considered an ethnic group
Government and EconomyGovernments maintain order within a country and provides protection from
outside dangersGovernments also supply other services to its peopleThey are organized by levels of power and type of authority
How cultures use their natural resources to meet human needs—as well as produce, obtain, use and sell goods and services—determines their type of economy
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RECAP!
What is a culture?What are some elements
of culture?What is an ethnic group?Why do people organize
themselves by these elements of culture?
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CULTURAL CHANGE
Cultural diffusion is the process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another
The Agricultural RevolutionEarliest humans were nomads moving from place to placeAs Earth’s climate warmed about 10,000 years ago, nomads first
settled in hilly areas and later in valleys and on fertile plainsSoon people could settle and farm in permanent villagesThe shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known
as the Agricultural RevolutionBy 3500 BCE, early farming villages evolved in civilizations
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CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL HEARTHS
Cultural hearths are early centers of civilization whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas
The most influential cultural hearths developed in modern-day:EgyptPakistanIraqChina Mexico
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CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL CONTACTS Interactions with other cultures promoted cultural changeMigration also fostered cultural diffusionPeople migrate to avoid wars, persecution, and faminesSome migrations of people have been forced [what is an example of
this?]Positive factors can draw people from one place to anotherMigrants bring their cultures with them
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INDUSTRIAL AND INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS
In the 1700s and 1800s., industrialization led to social changes
People left farms for jobs in factories in cities which led to urbanization
New production methods helped produce more goods using less money
At the end of the 1900s, the world experiences the information revolution
Computers help us store large amounts of information and instantly send it all over the world
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RECAP
What is a cultural hearth? What is cultural contact?
What are the five cultural hearths?
What revolutions took place to help aid in globalization?
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NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: ON RELIGION
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/video/on-religion/