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Baroque - barroco (Portuguese): a large, irregularlyshaped pearl. Original use derogatory, implying heavy ornamentation
Style in art and architecture devoted to furtheringthe aims of the Counter Reformation Focuses on how viewers emotionally experience a work
of art
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Old Saint Peters Basilica Saint Peters Basilica
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Initial Plan Actual
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Initial plan
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A frame for the altar: ithelps create a focal point
Cross-topped orb of theuniverse
Ionic and Corinthiancolumn element
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Renaissance Faade Baroque Faade
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Giacomo della Porta, Il Ges,Rome
Borromini, San Carlo alleQuattro Fontane
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Increasingly elaborate and decorative effects instead ofclarity, balance and repetition (Renaissance).
Departure from classical elements: broken pediment,curves alternate with straight lines, lack of proportion.
Dramatic contrasts of light and dark (Illusionism,theatrical effects).
Dynamism: feeling of movement (walls breathing in anout- alternation of concave- convex elements) .
New motifs: oval cartouches, balustrades, sculptures, ovalwindows, colossal columns, concave niches
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Michelangelos David,1501-1505 Berninis David, 1623
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Elaborate and decorative effects (mixture of materials,architectural elements)
Serpentine figures
Dramatic contrasts of light and dark
Visual extension beyond the sculpture into theonlookers space (outwards/ invisible complement).
Diagonal structure suggests: Agitated action.
Excitement and dramatic emphasis Sensuality
Texture and vivid naturalism
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To teach and inspire the faithful Truly religious art unlike the way themes were treated by
Mannerist artists.
Intelligible and realistic
To provide an emotional stimulus to piety in the spirit ofthe Counter-Reformation
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Michelangelo Merisi, called Caravaggio (1571-1610)
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652/53)
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David Judith beheading Holofernes
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Michelangelo Merisi, called Caravaggio (1571-1610)
Radical naturalism Master of psychological drama in painting
Light/dark used as dramatic element (tenebrism) Daily scenes and daily characters (prostitutes and low
lives as models) Daily routine interrupted by a miracle. Straight religious message (unlike mannerism) but
delivered in simple terms (daily routine, regular people) Concern with faith and its cost: conflict and violence Other themes: young men, still nature.
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Caravaggio influenced many other artists of the 17thcentury, particularly Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652/53)
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Caravaggio Gentileschi
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Dramatic use of Caravaggesque tenebrism
Space of the drama much large than the space of theframe
Heroic female a popular subject for Gentileschi; also anice way to exploit current taste for female figures
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Ceiling painting for the Church of SantIgnazio, byAndrea dal Pozzo (1642-1709)
Depicts Ignatius Loyola, founder of Jesuit order,transported to the presence of the waiting Christ in
the center.
Dramatic appeal to senses, illusionism.