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Chapter 21: Absolute Monarchs in Europe
1500-1800
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“…the person of the king is the sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting Kings are bound together.”
How are monarchs viewed by the speaker of this quote?
Why do people accept the power of the monarch?
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Theory of Absolutism
What are absolute monarchs?
Why do they think they possess all this power?
Divine right
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Comparison Chart
Democracy Limited power Power comes from the
people Separation of church
and state Government exists as
a guide for people
Absolute Monarchy Total power Power comes directly
from God Religion is the reason
why the government exists as it does
Disobeying monarch is much like disobeying God himself
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Why absolutism?
Causes Religious and
territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty, loss of church’s power
Growth of armies caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops
Taxes led to peasant revolts
Effects Rulers regulated
religion to control the spread of ideas
Rulers increased the size of their courts
Rulers created bureaucracies to control the economy
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Turmoil in France
Religious wars lead to skepticism
Edict of Nantes Declaration of
religious toleration in France
Cardinal Richelieu Wanted to increase
the power of the monarchy
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King Louis XIV
• Only 5’5” tall… • …when he wore high-heeled shoes • What does the clothing Louis XIV is wearing in this picture tell us? • Why was he often called “The Sun King”?
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Palace of Versailles
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Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584)
Good period Codified laws, added
land, ruled fairly
Bad period After death of wife
Stole land from and executed boyars (land owning nobles)—Why?
New nobility must remain loyal
Killed oldest son
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Impact of Peter the Great on Russia (1696-1725)
Westernization Using Western
Europe as a model for change
Shipbuilding (Navy)
Importance of warm water ports
New capital St. Petersburg
Newspaper
New food Potatoes
Women attained social status
New clothing Better education Increased power of
the czar despite church’s resistance to change
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Parliament Fights Back Against the Monarchy
King James I Charles I Petition of Right (1628)
No unlawful imprisonment
Wouldn’t raise taxes without Parliament’s consent
No housing soldiers in private homes
No martial law in peacetime
Charles ignored it, but why is it still important?
English Civil War (1642-1649) fought as Charles’ popularity declined
Result of war?
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The Monarchy Overthrown
Oliver Cromwell Charles II
Restoration Habeas corpus
James II Glorious Revolution
William and Mary English Bill of Rights Constitutional monarchy Cabinet