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The Gaps Model of Service Quality
Chapter 2
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Chapter
2Conceptual Framework of the Book: The Gaps Model of Service QualityThe Customer GapThe Provider Gaps:
Gap 1 – The Listening Gap not knowing what customers expect
Gap 2 – The Service Design and Standards Gap not having the right service designs and standards
Gap 3 – The Service Performance Gap not delivering to service standards
Gap 4 – The Communication Gap not matching performance to promises
Putting It All Together: Closing the Gaps 2-2
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Objectives for Chapter 2:
Introduce the framework, called the gaps model of service quality, used to organize this textbook.
Demonstrate that the gaps model is a useful framework for understanding service quality in an organization.
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Objectives for Chapter 2:Demonstrate that the most critical service quality
gap to close is the customer gap, the difference between customer expectations and perceptions.
Show that four gaps that occur in companies, which we call provider gaps, are responsible for the customer gap.
Identify the factors responsible for each of the four provider gaps.
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Gaps Model of Service QualityCustomer Gap:
difference between customer expectations and perceptions
Provider Gap 1 (Listening Gap):not knowing what customers expect
Provider Gap 2 (Service Design & Standards Gap):not having the right service designs and
standardsProvider Gap 3 (Service Performance Gap):
not delivering to service standardsProvider Gap 4 (Communication Gap):
not matching performance to promises 2-5
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Gaps Model of Service Quality
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The Customer Gap
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Provider Gap 1: Not knowing what customers expect
Provider Gap 2: Not selecting the right service designs and standards
Provider Gap 3: Not delivering to service standards
Provider Gap 4: Not matching performance to promises
Customer Expectations
Customer Perceptions
Key Factors Leading to the Customer Gap
CustomerGap
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Company perceptions of customer expectations
Customer expectations
CUSTOMER
COMPANY
Gap 1:The Listening Gap
Provider Gap 1
Perceived Service
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Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 1
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CUSTOMER
COMPANY
Gap 2: The Service Design and Standards Gap
Customer-driven service designs and standards
Company perceptions of customer expectations
Provider Gap 2
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Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 2
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CUSTOMER
COMPANY Service delivery
Gap 3: The Service Performance Gap
Customer-drivenservice designs and standards
Provider Gap 3
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Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 3
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CUSTOMER
COMPANYExternal communications to customers
Gap 4: The Communication Gap
Provider Gap 4: The broken promise
Service delivery
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Key Factors Leading to Provider Gap 4
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Ways to Use Gap Analysis Overall Strategic Assessment:
How are we doing overall in meeting or exceeding customer expectations?
How are we doing overall in closing the four company gaps?
Which gaps represent our strengths and where are our weaknesses?
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Ways to Use Gap AnalysisSpecific Service Implementation
Who is the customer? What is the service?
Are we consistently meeting/exceeding customer expectations with this service?
If not, where are the gaps and what changes are needed? (Examine gaps 1-4 for this particular service.)
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